Test 3 Definitions Flashcards
(8 cards)
Active Exoglossic Policy
A language which has been transplanted to another area and where it is now used as an official or co-official language. Language which developed outside of your country and are all based on traditional dialects within your country. Term contrasts with Endoglossic.
E.g. English in Tanzania or Malaysia. Or: For example, in Kenya, English is the main official language and medium of instruction. Kiswahili is promoted as the national language. It is used in parliamentary debates and is taught in school as a subject.
Official languages
Declared official in the constitution. Languages written in constitution is the official language.
A language that is used for political, legal and administrative communications within a given political territory. Often they are also taught in the educational system. Some countries have more than 1 (e.g. South Africa has 11).
Not all official languages are used in all functions
National languages
Declared in the constitution as a national language. Markers of a national identity of majority of inhabitants.
A language that is associated with a specific country and recognised as a symbol of identity. Used at parliamentary debates and taught as school subjects.
E.g. Switzerland has 4 (German, French, Romansh and Italian)
Medium of Instruction
A language which is used in educational settings for purposes of teaching and learning. In some multilingual countries several languages are used in the school system. E.g. Luxemburgish is used in Luxembourg at Kindergartens but the MOI in primary school is German
Active Endoglossic Policy
A language which has developed and is spoken as a native language within a specific geographical area or country. It supports the use of local language in official functions. This term contrasts with exoglossic langauge. Languages that developed in YOUR country.
E.g. English in England
Active: refers to it being a policy that the government aims to ensure the fostering of this indigenous language and not allow other languages - implementing these policies
Mother tongue based multilingual education
Together with NATIVE language, home language, primary language and first language or L1, a set of overlapping terms for the language used by an individual from birth, the usual language of the home and community. In the simplest case of an individual who is part of a family and community with stable monolingual norms, the terms designate the same entity: the individual’s native language (language spoken from birth) is the mother tongue (native language transmitted by parents) and home language (language of the home) which is spoken as a first language and is the primary language (the most commonly used language). The aim is to reach full proficiency in both languages. This allows the African language to develop as strongly as the European language.
This proposes initial use of mother tongue languages as a medium of instruction.
E.g. Stellenbosch University reflects this, as those Afrikaans students who attend the university are exposed to their own mother-tongue and another language
So called mother tongue education
In African context, individuals are not taught in their other tongue they are taught in dominant African languages. The smallest minorities are not included. The ‘mother tongue’ used to educate is not actually necessarily their mother tongue.
E.g. Mother tongue education in Taiwan includes three major native languages, but does not include Chinese languages of the minority. Students are taught in the major languages which is not their actual mother tongue.
Community based education
Communities should be supported in developing their own models and should be free to:
• design their own curricula
• formulate their own education goals
• choose additive multilingualism
• alternative formats; multi grade classes, team teaching (including community members)
It was coined by Willemien le Roux
Alienated from villages and as a result, kept the children at home and not educated outside their villages, thus resulting in community-based education
