Test 3 lecture 7

Question 1

airway obstruction causes breathing problems

Answer 1

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease

Question 2

COPD is due to:

Answer 2

• chronic bronchitis

- emphysema

Question 3

True or false: most COPD patients have both chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Answer 3

true

Question 4

loss of functional integrity of alveoli

Answer 4

emphysema

Question 5

Total healthcare cost of COPD

Answer 5

24 billion

Question 6

3rd cause of death in US

Answer 6

COPD

Question 7

COPD impacts how many people in the U.S.?
Diagnosed?
Undiagnosed?

Answer 7

30 million total
16 million diagnosed
19 million undiagnosed

Question 8

In 2005, COPD impacted how many people of 25 years old?

Answer 8

126,000

Question 9

COPD hospitalizations and cost per hospitalization?

Answer 9

726,000

$10,684

Question 10

Leading cause of COPD

Answer 10

smoking

Question 11

Risk factors of COPD

Answer 11

smoking, air pollutants, genetic factors, asthma, respiratory infections

Question 12

Number of alveoli in lungs

Answer 12

300 million

Question 13

Contained in alveolus

Answer 13

collagen

elastic- stretching and recoil of the alveolar end

Question 14

diaphragm goes down, ribs go up, volume increases, and pressure decreases during:

Answer 14

inspiration (contraction)

Question 15

diaphragm goes up, ribs go down, volume decreases, and pressure increases during:

Answer 15

expiration (relaxation)

Question 16

tidal volume

Answer 16

volume inspired or expired per breath

Question 17

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 17

maximum inspiration at end of tidal inspiration

Question 18

expiratory reserve volume

Answer 18

maximum expiration at the end of of tidal expiration

Question 19

Total lung capacity

Answer 19

volume in lungs after maximum inspiration

Question 20

residual lung volume

Answer 20

volume in lungs after maximum expiration

Question 21

forced vital capacity

Answer 21

maximum volume inspired following tidal expiration

Question 22

inspiratory capacity

Answer 22

maximum volume inspired following tidal expression

Question 23

functional residual capacity

Answer 23

volume in lungs after tidal expiration

Question 24

in diseases what increases

Answer 24

Residual lung volume

Question 25

Normal FEV1 and FVC is

Answer 25

FEV1=4.0 L FVC= 5.0L 80%

Question 26

obstructive FEV1 and FVC is

Answer 26

FEV1= 1.3L FVC= 3.1 L 42%

Question 27

True of false: expiratory capacities decrease with COPD

Answer 27

true

Question 28

mucus plugging, inflammation, more smooth muscle

Answer 28

lung parenchyma

Question 29

productive or persistent cough

Answer 29

bronchitis

Question 30

permanent enlargement of bronchioles and alveoli

Answer 30

emhysema

Question 31

In patients with emphysema what is destroyed in the alveolar walls

Answer 31

elastin

Question 32

COPD symptoms

Answer 32

coughing, wheezing, dyspnea, fever, low tolerance for exercise and low PA

Question 33

T/F: strength is 20-30% lower with COPD

Answer 33

False

Question 34

low tolerance for exercise and hypoxemia paired together results in what?

Answer 34

loss of muscle mass, less oxidative enzymes, and alterations in muscle type (less type 1, more type 2)

Question 35

spiromatry, chest x-ray, CT-scan

Answer 35

used to diagnose COPD

Question 36

predictor of mortality rate from COPD

Answer 36

FEV1

Question 37

Ways to prevent COPD

Answer 37

avoid smoking, air pollutants, early intervention (might alter progression)

Question 38

Diagnostic for COPD

Answer 38

- symptoms may present only w/ exertion - evaluate progression - evaluate hypoexmia during activity - determine need for supplemental oxygen - evaluate response to treatments

Question 39

t/f COPD patients may not have symptoms at rest

Answer 39

true

Question 40

COPD patients will have low ______ due to pulmonary limitations. How do you help with this?

Answer 40

functional capacity; | develop exercise programs

Question 41

Measurements used during the Diagnostic GXT of COPD?

Answer 41

ECG, BP, RPE, artierial oxygen saturation, dyspnea, angina, open circuit spirometry

Question 42

what is not very reliable at <90% saturation?

Answer 42

pulse-oximetry

Question 43

Know values for ventilaiton

Answer 43

in notes

Question 44

Everything besides heart rate reserve decreases in patients with COPD when compared with normal healthy subjects. T/F

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Mode used in GXT for COPD patients

Answer 45

walking or leg cycling

Question 46

why not use upper body exercise in COPD patients?

Answer 46

may cause dyspnea

Question 47

How must one modify existing exercise protocols?

Answer 47

smaller increments, slower progression, ramping protocols, sub-max tests may be used based on patient status

Question 48

ways to manage COPD

Answer 48

smoking cessation, better occupational health, medication, supplemental-oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehab (for symptomatic people)

Question 49

What are the components of pulmonary rehab?

Answer 49

assessment, education, exercise training, psychological interventions

Question 50

what are the goals of pulmonary rehab?

Answer 50

decrease airflow limitations, decrease respiratory symptoms, improve exercise capacity, promote independence, improve quality of life

Question 51

In what ways does exercise effect COPD patients?

Answer 51

less dyspnea, higher exercise capacity

Question 52

What is the recommend for aerobic training?

Answer 52

3-5 days/wk no optimal intensity (follow recommendations for older adults) 20-60 min continuous or intermittent walking or stationary cycling

Question 53

Recommendations for resistance training?

Answer 53

improve upper body strength and reduce dyspnea

Question 54

recommendations for ventilatory muscle training?

Answer 54

3 or more days/wk 30% or more max inspiratory pressure 15 or more min

Question 55

anatomical death space

Answer 55

gas in the conducting zone

Question 56

voluntary muscle training involves:

Answer 56

voluntary isocaphichyhyperpnea, inspiratory resistive loading, inspiratory threshold loading

Question 57

know adaptations to exercise training

Answer 57

in notes