Test 3 Meningitis (CNS, Brain) Flashcards
(20 cards)
Meningitis:
- Antibiotics given until culture and sensitivity results are available.
- Effective for bacterial infections.
Meningitis:
Antiobiotics
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) or
cefotaxime (Claforan) in combination with vancocin (Vancomycin)
Meningitis:
Anticonvulsants given if ICP increases or client experiences a seizure.
Meningitis:
Anticonvulsants
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Meningitis:
______ may improve outcome in adults if given before the first dose of antibiotic.
Used to decrease inflammation
Meningitis:
“Corticosteroid” may improve outcome in adults if given before the first dose of antibiotic.
Steroids (controversial)
Decadron (dexamethasone)
Meningitis:
Analgesics for headache and/or fever (antipyretic) –nonopiiod to avoid masking changes in the level of consciousness.
Meningitis:
Analgesics
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Ibuprofen (Motrin)
Meningitis:
-Prophylactic antibiotics given to individuals in close contact with the client.
Meningitis:
Prophylactic antibiotics
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
rifampin (Rifadin)
ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
Meningitis:
Increased ICP signs?
Provide interventions to reduced ICP?
Meningitis:
Increased ICP signs?
Decreased LOC, pupillary changes, impaired extraocular movements.
Interventions:
Position and avoidance of coughing and straining.
Mannitol can be administered via IV.
General Symptom
Fever
Neurological Symptoms
Headache Photophobia Indications of increased ICP Nuchal rigidity --> Menigeal irritation Positive Kernig’s, Brudzinski’s signs Decreased mental status Focal neurological deficits -->Ex: Right arm weak
GI Symptoms
Nausea and vomiting
Meningitis: Risk Factors: Viral? Fungal? Bacterial?
Risk Factors:
Viral illnesses: mumps, measles, herpes, West Nile
Fungal: AIDS
Bacterial: Otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitis Immunosuppression Invasive procedures Overcrowded living conditions Streptococcus pneumoniae & Neisseria meningitidis Haemophilus influenzae
Meningeal Irritation:
Reflex contraction & pain in hamstring when extend leg after flexion at hip.
Kernig’s Sign
Meningeal Irritation:
Involuntary flexion of knee when neck flexed.
Brudzinski’s sign
Meningitis:
CSF Analysis?
Elevated protein, WBC, CSF pressure
Decreased glucose if bacterial
Meningitis:
Nursing Care:
Bacterial Meningitis Precaution?
Meningitis:
Nursing Care:
Bacterial Meningitis Precaution?
Isolation: Droplet Precaution
Meningitis:
Other Nursing Care:
\_\_\_\_\_ reduction \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_, HOB \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ precautions \_\_\_\_\_ checks q \_\_\_\_ hours --> Cranial Nerves \_\_ , \_\_ , \_\_ , \_\_ , \_\_
Meningitis:
Other Nursing Care:
Fever reduction Dark, quiet environment Bedrest, HOB elevated Seizure precautions Neuro checks q 2-4 hours Cranial nerves III, IV, VI, VII, VIII
What is meningitis?
What is encephalitis?
- Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, which are the membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord.
- Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain tissue caused by a virus.
What are some causes of encephalitis?
Encephalitis Causes:
Arboviruses spread by infected mosquitoes or ticks
Enteroviruses such as herpes zoster
Amebic meningoencephalitis
What are the symptoms of encephalitis?
Encephalitis symptoms:
High fever Changes in mental status Motor dysfunction Focal neuro deficits Photophobia Fatigue Joint pain Headache Signs of increased ICP (inflammation of brain tissue)
How is encephalitis diagnosed?
- Lumbar puncture: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
- EEG
- CT scan
What are the preventative measures for encephailitis?
What is the nursing care for encephalitis?
What is the treatment for encephalitis?
- Preventative measures: Protection from mosquitos
- Nursing Care similar to meningitis
- Treatment: Supportive, Acyclovir if it is herpes
