Test 3 Muscle AXNs, Attachments, Nerves Flashcards
(215 cards)
1
Q
pelvic splanchnic nn origin
A
S2, S3, S4 ventral rami
2
Q
lumbar splanchnic nn origin
A
T1-L2
3
Q
innervation of ureters: parasympathetic or sympathetic?
A
both sympathetic and parasympathetic
4
Q
innervation of ureters: sympathetic
what TYPE of info and where does it go?
what is the referred pain pattern?
A
afferent pain info and sensory stretch, goes back towards T11-L2
referred pain: ipsilateral along subcostal, ilioinguinal, and genitofemoral nn distribution
5
Q
innervation of ureters: parasympathetic
what is under parasympathetic control and what is the origin?
A
vagus n and S2, S3, S4 ventral rami
motor: contraction and peristaltic motion of ureters
6
Q
external urethral sphincter
A
somatic efferents (motor) pudendal n, S2, S3, S4 ventral rami
7
Q
bladder
A
parasympathetic fibers (pelvic splanchnic nn S2, S3, S4) sympathetic fibers (hypogastric plexus through T11-L2 regions of spinal cord)
8
Q
what neural message(s) do the pelvic splanchnic nn to the bladder carry?
A
- visceral afferent (sensory to detrusor muscle to determine level of stretch and relays PAIN from lower bladder)
- motor (to detrusor muscles – causes smooth muscle wall of bladder to contract)
- inhibition (to internal sphincter – relaxes and urine can flow)
9
Q
urethra
A
EUS is under voluntary control (pudendal n S2, S3, S4)
sensory afferents run in pelvic splanchnic nn (parasympathetic)
10
Q
internal urethral sphincter: sympathetic or parasympathetic?
A
both sympathetic and parasympathetic
11
Q
internal urethral sphincter: sympathetic function and levels
A
T10-L2
keeps it contracted
12
Q
internal urethral sphincter: parasympathetic function and levels
A
S2, S3, S4
inhibits, so IUS can relax
13
Q
vagina
A
sympathetics via L1/L2
parasympathetics, S2, S3, S4 via pelvic splanchnic
14
Q
what does the pudendal n innervate?
A
is S2, S3, S4
somatic motor supply to skeletal muscles:
- external anal sphincter
- external urethral sphincter
afferent supply to skin of perineal region
15
Q
external anal sphincter
A
S4 ventral ramus (voluntary control)
16
Q
internal anal sphincter
A
supplied by sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers to maintain or inhibit tone (respectively)
17
Q
gluteus maximus proximal attachment
A
posterior ilium to posterior gluteal line
dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx
sacrotuberous ligament
18
Q
gluteus maximus distal attachment
A
iliotibial tract
some fibers to gluteal tuberosity of femur
19
Q
gluteus maximus action
A
hip extension; extension of trunk when LEs are fixed
assists with ER/ LR of thigh
20
Q
gluteus maximus innervation
A
inferior gluteal n (L5, S1, S2)
21
Q
where does the iliotibial tract insert?
A
lateral tibial condyle
22
Q
gluteus medius proximal attachment
A
external surface of ilium (between anterior and posterior gluteal lines)
23
Q
gluteus medius distal attachment
A
lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
24
Q
gluteus medius action
A
anterior and posterior fibers: abduct thigh abduction of pelvis levels pelvis when opposite leg is raised anterior fibers: internal rotation posterior fibers: external rotation
25
gluteus medius innervation
superior gluteal n (L4*, L5*, S1)
26
gluteus minimus proximal attachment
external surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
27
gluteus minimus distal attachment
anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
28
gluteus minimus action
abduct hip
IR hip
abduct pelvis
29
gluteus minimus innervation
superior gluteal n (L4*, L5*, S1)
30
piriformis proximal attachment
anterior surface of sacrum
sacrotuberous ligament
(exits greater sciatic foramen)
31
piriformis distal attachment
superior border of greater trochanter of femur
32
piriformis action
ER of extended/ neutral femur
ABD *flexed* hip
steadies femoral head in acetabulum
33
piriformis innervation
N. to piriformis (S1*, S2)
34
obturator internus proximal attachment
pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding pelvis bones
35
obturator internus distal attachment
```
medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
trochanteric fossa (also blends with gemelli mm here)
```
36
obturator internus action
ER extended femur
ABD flexed thigh
steadies femoral head
37
obturator internus innervation
n to obturator internus and superior gemellus (L5, S1*)
38
superior gemellus proximal attachment
ischial spine
39
superior gemellus distal attachment
medial surface of greater trochanter, trochanteric fossa
40
superior gemellus action
ER extended thigh
ABD flexed thigh
steadies femur
41
superior gemellus innervation
n. to obturator internus and superior gemellus (L5, S1*)
42
inferior gemellus proximal attachment
ischial tuberosity
43
inferior gemellus distal attachment
medial surface of greater trochanter, trochanteric fossa
44
inferior gemellus action
ER extended thigh
ABD flexed thigh
steadies femur
45
inferior gemellus innervation
n. to quadratus femoris and inferior Gemellus (L5, S1)
46
quadratus femoris proximal attachment
lateral border of ischial tuberosity
47
quadratus femoris distal attachment
quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur (+ just inferior to it)
48
quadratus femoris action
ER of thigh
| steadies femoral head
49
quadratus femoris innervation
n to quadratus femoris and inferior Gemellus (L5 ,S1)
50
obturator externus proximal attachment
margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
51
obturator externus distal attachment
trochanteric fossa of femur
52
obturator externus action
ER hip
| steadies head of femur
53
obturator externus innervation
obturator n (posterior division) L3, L4*
54
semitendinosus proximal attachment
ischial tuberosity
55
semitendinosus distal attachment
medial surface of superior tibia (per anserine, sgT)
| SGT = sergeant or "say grace before tea"
56
semitendinosus action
extend hip
flex knee
IR hip
extend trunk if in closed kinematic chain
57
semitendinosus innervation
tibial portion of sciatic n (L5*, S1*, S2)
58
semimembranosus proximal attachment
ischial tuberosity
59
semimembranosus distal attachment
posterior part of medial tibial condyle
| reflected attachment to oblique popliteal ligament (semimembranosus and oblique popliteal ligament = SMOP)
60
semimembranosus action
extend hip
flex knee
IR hip
extend trunk if in closed kinematic chain
61
semimembranosus innervation
tibial portion of sciatic n (L5*, S1*, S2)
62
biceps femoris long head proximal attachment
ischial tuberosity
63
biceps femoris long head distal attachment
lateral head of fibula
64
biceps femoris long head action
extend hip
flex knee
ER hip
65
biceps femoris long head innervation
tibial portion of sciatic n (L5*, S1*, S2)
66
biceps femoris short head proximal attachment
linea aspera
| lateral supracondylar line of femur
67
biceps femoris short head distal attachment
lateral head of fibula
68
biceps femoris short head action
flex knee
| ER hip
69
biceps femoris short head innervation
common (fibular) peroneal portion of sciatic n (L5 ,S1*, S2)
70
plantaris proximal attachment
inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur
| oblique popliteal ligament
71
plantaris distal attachment
posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
72
what does the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve innervate?
skin overlying popliteal fossa
73
pectineus proximal attachment
superior ramus of pubis
74
pectineus distal attachment
pectineal line of femur, inferior to lesser trochanter
75
pectineus action
adduct hip
flex hip
assist with IR of hip
76
pectineus innervation
```
femoral n (L2*, L3)
sometimes branch from obturator n
```
77
psoas major proximal attachment
lateral aspect of T12-L5 + discs
| transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae
78
psoas major distal attachment
lesser trochanter of femur
79
psoas major action
flex hip
| stabilize hip joint (with psoas minor and iliacus)
80
psoas major innervation CHECKKKKKKK
L1*, L2*, L3 ventral rami
81
psoas minor proximal attachment
lateral aspect of T12-L1 + discs
82
psoas minor distal attachment
iliopectineal eminence
83
psoas minor action
** with psoas major and iliacus
flexes hip
stabilizes hip joint
84
psoas minor innervation
L1, L2 ventral rami
85
tensor fascia lata (TFL) proximal attachment
ASIS
| anterior part of iliac crest
86
tensor fascia lata (TFL) distal attachment
iliotibial band (which then attaches to lateral tibial condyle at Gerdy's tubercle)
87
tensor fascia lata (TFL) action
```
abducts hip
IR hip
flexes hip
caveats:
- helps support femur on tibia while standing
- may be secondary knee flexor once knee is flexed >30 degrees
- may assist with knee extension
- steadies trunk on thigh
```
88
tensor fascia lata (TFL) innervation
superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5*, S1*)
89
sartorius proximal attachment
ASIS
| superior part of notch
90
sartorius distal attachment
superior part of medial surface of tibia (pes anserine)
91
sartorius action
```
flex hip
abduct hip
ER hip
flex knee
IR of tibia on femur
considered secondary muscles, assisting all other muscles helping with tailor sit
```
92
sartorius innervation
femoral n (L2, L3)
93
quadriceps femoris muscles (superficial and deep, and which is 2 joint)
```
superficial:
- rectus femoris (2 joint)
- vastus lataralis
- vastus medialis
deep:
- vastus intermedius
```
94
rectus femoris proximal attachment
AIIS
| ilium, superior to acetabulum
95
rectus femoris distal attachment
base of patella via quadriceps tendon and by the patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
96
rectus femoris action
extend leg at knee joint
| flex hip
97
rectus femoris innervation
femoral n (L2, L3*, L4*)
98
vastus lateralis proximal attachment
greater trochanter
lateral lip of linea aspera of femur
lateral intermuscular septum
99
vastus lateralis distal attachment
base of patella via quadriceps tendon and by the patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
100
vastus lateralis action
extend leg at knee joint
101
vastus lateralis innervation
femoral n (L2, L3*, L4*)
102
vastus medialis proximal attachment
intertrochanteric line
| medial lip of linea aspera of femur
103
vastus medialis distal attachment
base of patella via quadriceps tendon and by the patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
104
vastus medialis action
extend leg at knee joint
105
vastus medialis innervation
femoral n (L2, L3*, L4*)
106
vastus intermedius proximal attachment
anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur
107
vastus intermedius distal attachment
base of patella via quadriceps tendon and by the patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
108
vastus intermedius action
extend leg at knee joint
109
vastus intermedius innervation
femoral n (L2, L3*, L4*)
110
saphenous nerve provides innervation to...
sensory innervation to anteriomedial, medial, and posteriomedial surface of leg
passes through adductor canal and supplies medial leg
111
adductor longus proximal attachment
body of pubis, inferior to pubic crest
112
adductor longus distal attachment
middle third of linea aspera of femur
113
adductor longus action
adduction of hip/ thigh
114
adductor longus innervation
anterior branch of obturator n (L2, L3*, L4)
115
adductor brevis proximal attachment
body and inferior ramus of pubis
116
adductor brevis distal attachment
pectineal line
| proximal part of linea aspera of femur
117
adductor brevis action
adduction of hip
| assist with hip flexion
118
adductor brevis innervation
anterior branch of obturator nerve (L2, L3*, L4)
119
adductor magnus adductor portion proximal attachment
inferior ramus of pubis
| ramus of ischium
120
adductor magnus adductor portion distal attachment
gluteal tuberosity
linea aspera
medial supracondylar line
121
adductor magnus adductor portion action
adduct thigh
| flex thigh
122
adductor magnus adductor portion innervation
posterior branch of obturator nerve (L2, L3*, L4*)
123
adductor magnus hamstring portion proximal attachment
ischial tuberosity
124
adductor magnus hamstring portion distal attachment
adductor tubercle of femur
125
adductor magnus hamstring portion action
adduct thigh
| extend thigh
126
adductor magnus hamstring portion innervation
tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L4*)
127
gracilis proximal attachment
body and inferior ramus of pubis
128
gracilis distal attachment
superior part of medial surface of tibia (pes anserinus)
129
gracilis action
adduct hip
flex knee
assist with IR of tibia at knee
130
gracilis innervation
anterior branch of obturator n
131
tibialis anterior proximal attachment
lateral condyle
superior half of lateral surface of tibia
interosseous membrane
132
tibialis anterior distal attachment
medial and inferior surface of medial cuneiform
| based of 1st metatarsal
133
tibialis anterior action
*strong* dorsiflexor of ankle
| weak investor of foot
134
tibialis anterior innervation
deep peroneal n (L4*, L5)
135
extensor hallucis longus proximal attachment
middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
136
extensor hallucis longus distal attachment
dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe
137
extensor hallucis longus action
extends great toe
DF ankle
invert foot
138
extensor hallucis longus innervation
deep peroneal n (L4*, L5, S1) -- can vary
139
extensor digitorum longus proximal attachment
lateral condyle of tibia
| proximal 3/4 medial surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
140
extensor digitorum longus distal attachment
base of middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
141
extensor digitorum longus action
** extend lateral 4 digits
DF ankle
weak everter of foot
142
extensor digitorum longus innervation
deep peroneal n (L4*, L5, S1)
143
peroneus tertius proximal attachment
inferior 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
144
peroneus tertius distal attachment
dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
145
peroneus tertius action
DF ankle
| assist with eversion of foot
146
peroneus tertius innervation
deep peroneal n (L4*, L5, S1)
147
peroneus longus proximal attachment
head and proximal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
148
peroneus longus distal attachment
base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
149
peroneus longus action
eversion of foot
PF of ankle
depresses base of 1st metatarsal
150
peroneus longus innervation
superficial peroneal nerve (L5*, S1*, S2)
151
gastrocnemius proximal attachment - lateral head
lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
152
gastrocnemius proximal attachment - medial head
from popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle
153
gastrocnemius distal attachment
posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles) tendon
154
gastrocnemius action
PF ankle** (primary)
foot inverter
flex knee joint (assists -- if short, can limit knee extension)
supports end range of foot inversion and eversion (bc of how wide Achilles tendon is)
155
gastrocnemius innervation
tibial n (S1, S2)
156
soleus proximal attachment
posterior aspect of head of fibula
superior 1/4 of posterior surface of fibula
soleal line of tibia
medial border of tibia
157
soleus distal attachment
posterior surface of calcaneus via cancaneal tendon
158
soleus action
```
PF ankle (regardless of knee position)
inversion of ankle
```
159
soleus innervation
tibial n (S1, S2)
160
plantaris proximal attachment
inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament
161
plantaris proximal attachment
posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
162
plantaris action
knee flexion
| weak assist in PF of ankle
163
plantaris action
tibial n (S1, S2)
164
ventral rami: tibial n
L4-S3
165
ventral rami: common peroneal n
L4-S2
166
popliteus proximal attachment
lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus**
167
popliteus distal attachmnet
posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line
168
popliteus action and function
```
action:
weakly flex knee
IR tibia on femur (unlocks knee)
function:
forms part of floor of popliteal fossa
```
169
flexor digitorum longus proximal attachment
medial part of posterior surface of tibia, inferior to soleal line
170
flexor digitorum longus distal attachment
base of distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
171
flexor digitorum longus action
flex lateral 4 digits
PF ankle
inversion of foot
supports longitudinal arch of foot
172
flexor digitorum longus innervation
Tibial n (S2, S3)
173
intrinsic foot muscles that attach to flexor digitorum longus
quadratus plantae inserts on FDL
| lumbricals arise from FDL
174
flexor hallicus longus proximal attachment
inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula
| inferior part of interosseous membrane
175
flexor hallicus longus distal attachment
plantar surface, base of distal phalanx of great toe
176
flexor hallicus longus action
```
flex great toe
PF ankle
inversion of foot
supports medial long arch
(powerful push-off muscle during walking)
```
177
flexor hallicus longus innervation
tibial n (S2, S3)
178
tibialis posterior proximal attachment
interosseous membrane
posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line
posterior surface of fibula
179
tibialis posterior distal attachment
```
tuberosity of navicular
all cuneiform bones
sustentaculum tali
cuboid
base of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals
(aka all tarsal bones except talus)
```
180
tibialis posterior action
**main** investor of foot
PF ankle
resist collapse of arch
181
tibialis posterior innervation
tibial n (L4, L5)
182
extensor digitorum brevis proximal attachment
floor of sinus tarsi of calcaneus and extensor retinaculum
183
extensor digitorum brevis distal attachment
medial 4 toes
| CHECK
184
extensor digitorum brevis action
aids EDL in extending medial 4 toes at MTP joints
| CHECK
185
extensor digitorum brevis innervation
deep peroneal n
186
extensor hallucis brevis proximal attachment
floor of sinus tarsi of calcaneus and extensor retinaculum
187
extensor hallucis brevis distal attachment
dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe
188
extensor hallucis brevis action
aids EHL in extending great toe at MTP
189
extensor hallucis brevis innervation
deep peroneal n
190
terminal cutaneous branch of deep peroneal n innervates...
sensation to 1st web space
191
medial and lateral plantar nn are terminal branches of...
tibial n
192
abductor hallucis is in layer _ of intrinsic foot muscles and is innervated by ___
1
| medial plantar n
193
lumbricals are in layer _ of intrinsic foot muscles and are innervated by ___
2
lateral 3: lateral plantar n
1st: medial plantar n
194
quadratus plantae is in layer _ of intrinsic foot muscles and is innervated by ___
2
| lateral plantar n
195
flexor hallucis brevis is in layer _ of intrinsic foot muscles and is innervated by ___
3
| medial plantar n
196
adductor hallucis is in layer _ of intrinsic foot muscles and is innervated by ___
3
| lateral plantar n
197
if there is a lesion to the lateral plantar n, will the motor supply to the big toe be impacted?
no
198
flexor digitorum brevis is in layer _ of intrinsic foot muscles and is innervated by ___
1
| medial plantar n
199
plantar interossei are in layer _ of intrinsic foot muscles and is innervated by ___
4
| lateral plantar n
200
flexor digiti minimi is in layer _ of intrinsic foot muscles and is innervated by ___
3
| lateral plantar n
201
action of quadratus plantae
assists in flexing lateral 4 digits
202
abductor digiti minimi is in layer _ of intrinsic foot muscles and is innervated by ___
1
| lateral plantar n
203
dorsal interossei are in layer _ of intrinsic foot muscles and are innervated by ___
4
| lateral plantar n
204
medial plantar n cutaneous innervation of foot
dorsal foot, medial to 4th metatarsal and inferior to calcaneus
205
saphenous n cutaneous innervation of foot
skin on medial side of ankle and foot up to head of 1st metatarsal
206
calcaneal branch of tibial n cutaneous innervation of foot
dorsal foot, over calcaneus
207
lateral plantar n cuteanous innervation of foot
dorsal foot, lateral to 4th metatarsal and inferior to calcaneus
208
sural n cuteanous innervation of foot
dorsal foot, most lateral (along lateral edge)
209
saphenous n originates from...
femoral n
210
sural n originates from...
med/lat sural from tibial and common fibular
211
tibial n originates from...
sciatic n
212
superficial fibular (peroneal) n originates from...
common fibular/ peroneal n
213
deep fibular (peroneal) n originates from...
common fibular/ peroneal n
214
lateral plantar n originates from...
tibial n
215
medial plantar n originates from...
tibial n
