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Pharmacology > Test #3 Recons, Some Insulins > Flashcards

Test #3 Recons, Some Insulins Flashcards

1
Q

Some meds are stable for only ___ periods in the ___ state.

A

short; liquid

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2
Q

Once meds are mixed, a medication is good for only __ to ___ days

A

1 to 14

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3
Q

The mixing process is called ___

A

reconstitution

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4
Q

Nurses may have to ___ medications just before administration or in the home setting

A

admix

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5
Q

Medications may be ___, injectable, or for ____

A

oral; injection

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6
Q

____ diluents are always used for injectables

A

sterile

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7
Q

The powder is the _____

A

solute

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8
Q

The liquid is the ____ or ____

A

diluent or solvent

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9
Q

The mixture is called the ____

A

solution

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10
Q

What are the 7 principles for Reconsitution

A
  • Manufacturer provides directions
  • Diluents (check exp date before use)
  • Must identify information (type&amt of diluent, exp. period of admixture)
  • If components in #3 are unavailable, consult PDR or other reliable source
  • Single dose or Multi-dose after admixture-label clearly
  • If multiple doses are possible, you must label concentration of new mixture
  • Powder often adds significant substance to the total volume of solution
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11
Q

Manufacturer provides directions including…

A

mL, diluent, storage instructions, concentration after admixture, how long it is good for (10-14 days)

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12
Q

What do you check before using diluents

A

expiration date

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13
Q

What are the most common diluents we use? Others?

A

Sterile water or saline

others: D5W or special solution provided

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14
Q

What info must be identified w/ reconstitutions?

A

Type of diluent, amount of diluent, exp. period after admixture

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15
Q

If components (type of diluent, amt. of diluent, or exp. period after admixture) is unavailable, what do you consult? What do you not use in this case?

A

PDR or other reliable source

*do not use drug guide book

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16
Q

What needs to be on the label after admixture of single dose/multi-dose?

A
  • Date & Time
  • Mixture Strength
  • Exp. Date & Time
  • Storage instructions (fridge or room temp)
  • Nurse’s initials
  • Apply label so that medication information is not obscured
  • Discard if labeled inappropriately
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17
Q

What medications do you keep even if the medication is labeled inappropriately?

A

Keep patients meds from home

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18
Q

What medications do you throw away if the medication is labeled inappropriately?

A

Throw away hospital meds (inappropriate labeled meds)

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19
Q

If you have multiple strengths on a medication label, after mixing you must…

A

Label the concentration of new mixture (ex. 500mg/mL)

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20
Q

Powder often adds significant substance to ____

A

The total volume of the solution

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21
Q

The label of a reconstitution powder medication should indicate ___ & ___.

A

The total volume & concentration after admixture

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22
Q

Directions of reconstitution med. may not state___

A

final concentration in unit measure per mL

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23
Q

Some solutions can be mixed to ____

A

varying concentrations

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24
Q

This must be considered when choosing appropriate concentrations?

A

Route

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25
Q

What should be considered with an IM route?

A

amount can not exceed the capacity of the target muscle but should not be irritating

26
Q

What should be considered with an IV route?

A

large amt. & is usually further diluted after recon. (add 50 or 100 mL to another diluent like NS)
Volumes are smaller for pediatrics

27
Q

If you have an order from the prescriber & need to choose a concentration, how would you do this? Why?

A

Choose the concentration closest to the order from the prescriber
*it is more accurate if you get it close to the DR order

28
Q

What does “respectively” mean?

A

in the order given

29
Q

What do you write on the vial after admixture?

A

dosage strength you prepared

30
Q

If directions are not on the label, what do you do?

A

read the insert

31
Q

What do you look at when reconstituting from package insert?

A
  • look closely at amount in the vial & route
  • insert may give directions for different sized vials, read closely.
  • directions may vary according to route (IM,IV), read closely
32
Q

What is the broad classification for insulin?

A

agents used to correct endocrine imbalance

33
Q

What is the specific classification for insulin?

A

agents used to treat hyperglycemia

34
Q

Insulin is classified by ___ & ____

A

origin & action

35
Q

These types of insulins are all clear solutions?

A

Rapid-Acting

36
Q

These insulins are called NPH

A

Intermediate

37
Q

Name the insulins that are Long-Acting?

A

Lantus & Levemir

38
Q

Can you mix Long-Lasting Insulins?

A

NO

39
Q

Insulin is measured & given with ____

A

insulin syringes

40
Q

Insulin doses are measured in ____

A

Units

41
Q

Concentration of insulin is almost always ____

A

100 units per mL

42
Q

What is the measurement of Lo-Dose syringe (2 measurements)? Which one is more accurate?

A

capacity of 0.5 mL to deliver 50 units
capacity of 0.3 mL to deliver 30 units
-0.3 mL is more accurate than 0.5 mL

43
Q

What are the two types of 1 mL syringes?

A

Single scale & odd-even scale

44
Q

What is a single scale syringe?

A

delivers 100 units but just by 10’s on one-side (10, 20, 30 w/ even little tick marks)

45
Q

What is a odd-even scale syringe?

A

read on appropriate side for the dose being delivered (16, 18 even side, 17, 19 odd side)

46
Q

Insulin orders must be written clearly & must include…

A 
Brand name
Name of units to be administered
Route
Time
Strength of Solution
47
Q

What should never be used when writing units?

A

” U “

48
Q

Do not round, give to the ___ place.

A

hundredths

49
Q

When mixing insulin you always mix ___ to ____

A

clear to cloudy

50
Q

What can you use to administer insulin if you do not have an insulin syringe?

A

TB syringe

51
Q

Insulin doses are always checked by ____

A

2 nurses

52
Q

Ask the second nurse to tell you what you have, do not ____

A

Tell the nurse what you have drawn up

53
Q

Show the second nurse ____ & _____

A

your syringe & the vials

54
Q

TB syringes are calibrated in ____

A

hundredths & mL (cc)

55
Q

How many units of insulin equals 1 mL?

A

100 units equals 1 mL

56
Q

What is a sliding scale?

A

when you take the patient’s blood glucose (done at certain hours), you look at a sliding scale (all facilities have different ones) and whatever the number you received from the blood glucose reading you inject that much insulin

57
Q

If the reading is very low/high, you send a venous sample to lab & treat with ____

A

Treat with insulin or PO or D50W

58
Q

Insulin promotes two things?

A
  • Glucose to transport across the cell membrane

- Converts glucose out of the blood into glycogen (in the liver)

59
Q

What does insulin utilize & inhibit?

A

Utilizes fatty acids & inhibits lipolysis

60
Q

What does insulin enhance & inhibit?

A

Enhances protein synthesis & inhibits protein breakdown

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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