Test 3 study guided

Question 1

Who should develop an investigative plan for an internal pipeline corrosion failure?

Answer 1

A team

Question 2

Which visual appearance may indicate the effects of historical liquid levels in a pipeline?

Answer 2

Corrosion in longitudinal bands along both sides of the pipe

Question 3

Which internal pipeline condition most indicates hydrogen sulfide presence?

Answer 3

Odor similar to rotten eggs

Question 4

Which type of physical evidence is intended to capture the deposits and biofilm and their relation to the corrosion?

Answer 4

Embedements

Question 5

Concentration cell corrosion within small areas isolated from the bulk fluid stream

Answer 5

Crevice corrosion of joints

Question 6

When collecting physical evidence of internal corrosion, cleaned pip should be used primarily for

Answer 6

Dimensional analysis

Question 7

General etching over large continuous areas that still contain isolated pitting or clusters of pits

Answer 7

Isolated pitting within general corrosion

Question 8

Combined action of corrosion and metal loss due to rapidly moving fluids and/or particles

Answer 8

Erosion corrosion

Question 9

Numerous small pits growing together or a few large pits that connect only after they have grown to a certain size

Answer 9

Interconnected pitting

Question 10

Mechanisms which include SCC, Corrosion Fatigue, SSC, HIC, etc.

Answer 10

Environmental cracking

Question 11

Etching or near uniform attack with just a few scattered pits

Answer 11

General metal loss with infrequent pits

Question 12

Special features such as cup-type hemispherical pits, pits within pits, striations parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pipe, tunnels in the end walls of pits, etc.

Answer 12

Unique pit morphology

Question 13

Uniform attack of the pipe wall

Answer 13

Interconnected pitting

Question 14

Pits occur singularly or in groups but the pits are not interconnected

Answer 14

Isolated pitting

Question 15

Preferential attack of the weld metal or heat affected zone of the parent metal

Answer 15

Selective attack at welds

Question 16

Measurement of the deepest pit depth and the average pit depth

Answer 16

Maximum/average pit depth

Question 17

Measurement of wall thickness every .25 inches along the longitudinal axis in the deepest areas of interconnected corrosion

Answer 17

Profile wall loss

Question 18

Measurement of the deepest corrosion or thinnest wall cause by corrosion

Answer 18

Maximum wall loss

Question 19

Measurement of the greatest pit diameter and average pit diameter

Answer 19

Maximum/Average pit diameter

Question 20

Examining the typical length and width of pits to determine if there is a preferred orientation of the pitting

Answer 20

Pit length vs. Pit width

Question 21

A description of how far the corrosion extends down the longitudinal axis of pipe

Answer 21

Longitudinal Extent

Question 22

A description of how far the corrosion is present about the circumference of the pipe

Answer 22

Circumferential extent

Question 23

Calculation of both average depth/average diameter and maximum depth/maximum diameter ratios

Answer 23

Depth/diameter ratio

Question 24

List the 5 factors other than morphology or the physical appearance that the author says should be considered by a competent corrosion investigator before making a conclusion

Answer 24

Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Microbiology, Metalurgy, Physical conditions

Question 25

List the 3 main areas of managing internal corrosion of pipelines according to the author

Answer 25

Detecting the corrosion, Determining the cause of corrosion, Mitigating the corrosion

Question 26

Which 3 main areas of managing internal corrosion of pipelines is is the text concerned with?

Answer 26

Determining the cause

Question 27

List the Who questions that are essential in an investigative plan

Answer 27

Who will do the investigation Who will collect the samples at investigation site Who is responsible for writing the report Who will decide if the lab services are needed Who will stock testing supplies Who needs to receive information about investigation

Question 28

List the 4 What questions that must be answered for an investigative plan

Answer 28

What types of testing will be done? What samples need to be collected What tools and supplies are needed What are health and safety precautions

Question 29

List the 3 where questions essential to an investigative plan

Answer 29

Where will investigation be performed Where will field supplies be stored Where do samples need to be sent

Question 30

List the 3 When questions for an investigative plan

Answer 30

When corrosion detectives be called to the scene When are certain tests performed When does the cause need to be determined

Question 31

List the Why question that must be determined in an investigative plan

Answer 31

Why are we conducting the experiment

Question 32

List the 2 How questions that must be determined when developing an investigative plan

Answer 32

How do we collect and analyze samples | How do you interpret test data and reach a conclusion

Question 33

List the 3 main categories of evidence to consider when gaining a perspective on internal pipeline corrosion

Answer 33

Visual evidence Physical evidence Circumstantial evidence

Question 34

List the 5 measurement tools the author suggests to collect measurable visual evidence

Answer 34

``` Steel tape measure Small finely divided tape measure Pit gauge Pipe micrometer UT gauge ```

Question 35

The corrosion investigator's first job on site is to

Answer 35

Protect all evidence

Question 36

The corrosion investigator's second job on site is to

Answer 36

Collect all the evidence

Question 37

The presence of water can be confirmed in a sample by using

Answer 37

Hydrion paper

Question 38

Which gas analysis test cannot be collected with a stain tube?

Answer 38

Pressure

Question 39

A procedure that penetrates and preserves the scale, corrosion product, microbes, and deposits that are present on an internally corroded pipe is

Answer 39

Embedment

Question 40

These samples must be taken where there are differences in color, texture, density, or composition of materials in the pipe. These samples must be taken carefully to avoid damaging other corrosion evidence and must be carefully identified in terms of physical location

Answer 40

Solid/Sludge sampling

Question 41

These samples are normally collected in stainless steel sample bottles or Tedlar bags. Stain tubes can sometimes be used to replace some samplings

Answer 41

Gas sampling

Question 42

Collect at least 500 mL in 2 250 mL sample containers at the site of the cut if possible. Samples should be filled up to the top to exclude air and capped. Samples should be kept in a cool dark place if possible

Answer 42

Liquid sampling

Question 43

This sample should be cut using a portable band saw or wheel type cutter to prevent torch cutting debris from entering the samples.

Answer 43

Pipe sampling

Question 44

What is the final and most important part of instituting a corrosion mitigation program?

Answer 44

Monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment

Question 45

Ask the 20 Questions

Answer 45

Step 2

Question 46

Look for the connections between the different types of data

Answer 46

Step 3

Question 47

Physically arrange the investigation results in logical progression

Answer 47

Step 1

Question 48

Develop a factual story of what happened to cause the failure using the results, observations, and relationship

Answer 48

Step 4

Question 49

Put the findings in writing

Answer 49

Step 5

Question 50

List the 5 steps of reviewing the results

Answer 50

Get organized 20 questions to answer Make connections

Question 51

What are the 3 major methods for mitigating internal corrosion once the cause has been identified?

Answer 51

Remove the environment to prevent corrosion Chemical treatment Maintaining effectiveness of treatment