Test 3: Terms

Question 1

Laws of the Indies

Answer 1

a grid or checkerboard plan for the layout of new towns and cities to impose rational order and European administrative control.

The plan featured a plaza major, or central square, with the main church, government buildings, and residences of the authorities facing the square.

Question 2

3 parts of a Spanish mission

Answer 2

1. church itself
2. convent or monastery
3. atrium

Question 3

6 Characteristics of Spanish Mission

Answer 3

1. Built of adobe
2. Interior view mission
3. Massive thick walls
4. Use of native craftsman
5. Spanish Baroque
6. Said mass outside (more comfortable for indigenous)

Question 4

Atrio

Answer 4

(Difficult) The courtyard of the domus (Roman rich house) and some Roman temples.
(Normal) Pretty much Spanish for atrium bro… Duh.

Question 5

Rerecedo

Answer 5

A decorative screen or wall of wood or stone, behind an altar serving as a frame for carved or painted religions images. (Kostof)

Question 6

Clapboard siding

Answer 6

(Difficult) Long, thin, wooden boards that overlap one another.
(Normal) It’s fucking blinds man, it’s fucking blinds on the side of a house.

Question 7

Hipped roof

Answer 7

(Difficult) Roof that slopes upward from all sides of a structure, having no vertical ends.
(Normal) Every fucking house you drew when you were a kid, you really can’t fuck this up.

Question 8

Infilade/enfilate

Answer 8

(Difficult) The doors entering each room are aligned with the doors of the connecting rooms along a single axis, providing a vista through the entire suite of rooms.
(Normal) Different sized rooms that all share the same front wall. I don’t know why they don’t just say that.

Question 9

“The Primitive Hut”

Answer 9

A book that had been standard in architectural theory since Vitruvius. Marc-Antoine Laugier brought the idea to life with an image of the hut as the first page for the second edition Essay on Architecture

Question 10

thermal window

Answer 10

large semicircular windows characteristic of the enormous public baths (thermae) of Ancient Rome. They have been revived on a limited basis by some classical revivalist architects in more modern times.

Question 11

stroll garden

Answer 11

Picturesque scenes to invoke emotion set along a path through a garden

Question 12

garden folly

Answer 12

a structure within a stroll garden intended to be viewed while walking through.

Question 13

chiaroscuro

Answer 13

is the use of strong contrasts between light and dark

Question 14

jardin anglais

Answer 14

english garden

Question 15

empiricism

Answer 15

is a theory of knowledge which states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience.

Question 16

poche

Answer 16

is a French architectural term for the all the stuff that is inside the walls between spaces. In architectural drawings, it is the stuff blackened in on the plans.

Question 17

chinoiserie

Answer 17

European artistic styles since the seventeenth century, which reflect Chinese artistic influences.

Question 18

Industrial Revolution

Answer 18

The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

Question 19

conservatory

Answer 19

a room having glass roof and walls, typically attached to a house on only one side, used as a greenhouse or a sunroom.

Question 20

wrought iron v. cast iron

Answer 20

wrought iron: low carbon content, malleable, strong in tension

cast iron: high carbon content, very rigid in compression, weak and brittle in tension

Question 21

truss

Answer 21

a structure comprising one or more triangular units constructed with straight members whose ends are connected at joints referred to as nodes.

Question 22

eclecticism

Answer 22

a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas to gain complementary insights into a subject, or applies different theories in particular cases.

Question 23

architecture parlante

Answer 23

architecture that explains its own function or identity.

Question 24

art nouveau

Answer 24

“new art” popular during the 1890-1910, inspired by natural forms and structures, not only in flowers and plants, but also in curved lines. Architects tried to harmonize with the natural environment.

Question 25

liberty style

Answer 25

art nouveau as developed by London's Liberty & Co. Refers to textiles as well as architecture

Question 26

zoomorphism

Answer 26

the shaping of something in animal form or terms.

Question 27

Modern Movement

Answer 27

first emerged in the early twentieth century, and by the 1920s, the prominent figures of the movement – Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Question 28

machine aesthetic

Answer 28

Architecture that suggested something machine-made, acknowledging industrialization, mass-production, and engineering, or that used elements of metal structures

Question 29

expressionism

Answer 29

to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas.

Question 30

weimar republic

Answer 30

the federal republic and semipresidential representative democracy established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government.

Question 31

werkbund

Answer 31

a German association of artists, architects, designers, and industrialists. The Werkbund was to become an important event in the development of modern architecture and industrial design, particularly in the later creation of the Bauhaus school of design.

Question 32

piloti

Answer 32

stilts

Question 33

bull-nosed stair

Answer 33

a step having semicircular or quadrantal ends.

Question 34

renaissance revival

Answer 34

an all-encompassing designation that covers many 19th century architectural revival styles which were neither Grecian (see Greek Revival) nor Gothic (see Gothic Revival) but which instead drew inspiration from a wide range of classicizing Italian modes.

Question 35

stripped classicism

Answer 35

Classical architecture from which mouldings, ornament, and details have been elided, leaving visible only the structural and proportional systems.

Question 36

regional modernism

Answer 36

Common domestic architecture of a region, usually far simpler than what the technology of the time is capable of maintaining.

Question 37

post-modernism

Answer 37

the postmodernist movement in the arts, its set of cultural tendencies and associated cultural movements. often associated with deconstruction and post-structuralism because its usage as a term gained significant popularity at the same time as twentieth-century post-structural thought.