Test 3: Topic 11

Question 1

Tania solium (Pork Tapeworm)
DH:
IH:
MoT:

Answer 1

• Human
• Pigs (also humans)
• Ingestion of undercooked pork

Question 2

Tania solium
Location in DH:
Pathology:
Symptoms:

Answer 2

• Small intestines
• Adult tapeworm cause verminous intoxication
• Larval form cause cysticercosis

Question 3

Cysticercosis:

What are two ways to get it?

Answer 3

1. Eat eggs in contaminated food

2. Autoinfection (eggs hatch before leaving DH)

Question 4

T/F Any organ and tissue can have cysticerci

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Cysticercosis (bladderworm)

Symptoms

Answer 5

Eye: cause blindness
Heart: heart failure
Brain: epilepsy

Question 6

Taenia solium
Diagnosis:
To:

Answer 6

• Eggs in feces, proglottids, cysticercosis can be diagnosed w/ x-ray/mri
• Praziquantel for adult form, surgery to remove larvae

Question 7

Taenia solium

Prevention:

Answer 7

Avoid undercooked pork

Question 8

Explain Taenia solium “Kitchen master” story:

Answer 8

German physician secretly infected condemned murderers by lacing preexecution meals with cysticerci and then during autopsy he found the immature tape worms in the murderers intestine.

Question 9

Life cycle of Taenia solium:

______ in the small intestines of humans (DH) and ______ are ingested by the pigs (IH).

Answer 9

Adults, eggs

Question 10

T/F All mammals are host to at least one species of Taenia

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Hymenolepis nana nickname is

Answer 11

Dwarf tapeworm

Question 12

Hymenolepis nana
DH
IH

Answer 12

• humans and rodents

- Larval (mealworms) and adult beetles

Question 13

What is the most common tapeworm of humans in the world?

Answer 13

Dwarf tapeworm

Question 14

Hymenolepis nana:
Location:
Mot: (3)
Pathology and Symptoms:

Answer 14

• Small intestine
• Fecal/oral, ingestion of food w/ feces, ingestion of beetle
• Generally none because the worm is so small

Question 15

T/F Hymenolepis nana will always have a intermediate host.

Answer 15

False. The intermediate host is optional

Question 16

Hymenolepsis nana
Diagnosis:
TX:
Prevention:

Answer 16

• Eggs with polar filaments in feces
• Praziquantel
• Removal of rodents from house

Question 17

Pseudophyllidea (aquatic)
Free Living Stages:
1st IH:
2nd IH:
DH:

Answer 17

• Egg—->Coracidium
• Procercoid
• Plerocercoid
• Adult

Question 18

Diphyllobothrium spp. nickname:

Answer 18

Broad fish tapeworm

Question 19

What are the two common Diphyllobothrium species?

Answer 19

D. latum and D. dendriticum

Question 20

Diphyllobothrium spp.
DH:
1st IH:
2nd IH:

Answer 20

• Fish eating carnivores
• Crustaceasns and copepods
• Fish, particularly pike and salmonids

Question 21

Diphyllobothrium spp
MoT:
Location:
Symptoms and Pathology:

Answer 21

-Parasite is eaten
(Copepod=coracidium, Fish=procercoid, DH=plerocercoid)
-Small intestine
-Causes two diseases:
Diphyllobothriasis and Sparganosis

Question 22

Diphyllothriasis is caused by:

Symptoms?

Answer 22

Adult tapeworm from eating fish with plerocercoid

-mostly asymptomatic, but can cause nausea, diarrhea, and weakness

Question 23

Sparganosis is caused by:

Symptoms?

Answer 23

Larval form (when humans are IH), most infections due to copepods in drinking water
-can cause skin ulcers, eye or vagina inflammation/infections

Question 24

Diphyllobothrium spp.
Diagnosis:
TX:
Prevention:

Answer 24

Diphyllobothriasis: finding eggs in feces
Sparganosis: x-ray and biopsies of lumps
-Praziquantel kills all stages
-Thoroughly cook fish and wash hands

Question 25

What is the correct name for Tapeworm??

Answer 25

Cestodes

Question 26

In regards to Cestodes infecting humans, there are two different diseases and pathology: 1. The adult form —-> 2. The larval from—->

Answer 26

1. DH and infects the intestinal tract | 2. IH and infects the tissues

Question 27

Name general characteristics of Cestodes:

Answer 27

- Flattened multi-cellular worms - Considered to be degenerate - “Ultimate” parasite - Body not truly segmented

Question 28

What does it mean that tapeworms are considered degenerate?

Answer 28

- Means that there are no internal organs other than reproductive. - No mouth - Live in the intestines w/ feces

Question 29

What does it mean when tapeworms are said to be the “ultimate parasite”?

Answer 29

- They have amazing holdfast organs - Then don’t waste energy on organs they don’t need - Live in the perfect environment ``

Question 30

What are the 3 parts to Cestodes body?

Answer 30

Scolex (head) Neck Strobila (body)

Question 31

What are the name of the three holdfast organs in the Scolex and their function?

Answer 31

- Acetabulum: cup-like suckers - Bothria: shallow sucking grooves or pits - Bothridia: muscular leaf like projections (highly mobile)

Question 32

Name two other structures at the tip of the Scolex:

Answer 32

Proteinaceous hooks: for anchoring | Rostellum: projection above the suckers

Question 33

What else does the Scolex contain?

Answer 33

Sense organs and a chief ganglia

Question 34

T/F The Scolex contains a mouth where it gets it’s nutrients from.

Answer 34

False. Tapeworms have no mouth, the scolex is used for attachment and contains sense organs.

Question 35

The Strobila is used for what and contains what structures?

Answer 35

Linear series of reproductive organs - Genitalium - Proglottid

Question 36

What is the Tegument of a tapeworm?

Answer 36

It is the skin, where it absorbs all its nutrients.

Question 37

What are Microthrix of a tapeworm? | What do they do?

Answer 37

Finger-like projections in the tegument which protrude outward in the hosts digestive system. - Increase surface area for absorption - Similar to microvilli in host intestines - Can interdigitate with microvilli

Question 38

What is the life cycle of Cestodes?

Answer 38

``` DH eats larval state—> Adults are in intestines of DH—> Proglottids/eggs go out of feces—> IH ingest eggs—> Oncosphere hatches from egg—> Ocosphere penetrate intestine of IH—> Forms larval stage extraintestinally—> ```

Question 39

What are the three methods of fertilization of Cestodes?

Answer 39

1. 2. 3.