Test 3 Vocabulary Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
Rev
The capital city of the Byzantine empire
A
Constantinople
2
Q
Rev
A competent and strong leader who ruled the Byzantines
A
Justinian
3
Q
The groundwork for laying down a legal structure in the Byzantine empire
A
Code of Justinian
4
Q
Rev
Justinian’s general who put down German tribes and uprising
A
Belisarius
5
Q
Rev
Another one of Justinian’s generals, eunuch, persecution of Paganism
A
Narses
6
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Rev
one of the greatest books of military tatic, explains how to combine arms, one of the founding pieces of literature in Eastern military history
A
Maurice’s Strategikon
7
Q
Rev
move into Italy gradually, carve out an empire in northern Italy, had something like a centeralized state
A
Lombards
8
Q
Rev
tarding city in the Arab Peninsula
A
Mecca
9
Q
Rev
born in Mecca to family of poor merchants, founder of Islam, angel Gabriel appeared to him
A
Muhammad
10
Q
Rev
ruled 661-750, took over most of Northern Africa, some of Russia and India, and Spain, rules through coherent government centered at Damascus, 2nd largest land empire in history, did this in about 40 years
A
Umayyad Caliphate
11
Q
Rev
takes over after the Ummayad, move capital to Baghdad, loose part of the empire, but as a whole keep most of the empire
A
Abbasid Caliphate
12
Q
Rev
The Christ, Christianity
A
Jesus
13
Q
Rev
Jesus’ teachings to the Jews, moral teachings from the New Testament
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Sermon on the Mount
14
Q
Rev
Special Witnesses of Christ
A
Twelve Apostles
15
Q
Rev
c 30s - 100, the average Christian would worship in a prayer group
A
Apostolic Christianity
16
Q
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Greatest missionaries ever
A
Peter and Paul
17
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Rev
AD50, James is the leader in Jerusalem, dispute over whether or not Gentiles (Greeks) could join the church, Peter makes decision, is spiritual leader of the church
A
Council of Jerusalem
18
Q
Rev
leader that oversees the presbyters and deacons around them, kind of like local leaders, not a direct authority line
A
Bishop
19
Q
Rev
100s - 500, growth of the Christian Church around the Mediterranean, spread along the pre-existing roads of the Roman Empire, this system led to an expansion of hierarchy, metropolitans are bishops in charge of larger areas like Jerusalem, Rome, Alexandria
A
Metropolitan Christianity
20
Q
Rev
325, needed to settle an issue from Arius (250-336), issue about Trinity
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Council of Nicaea
21
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Rev
established doctrine of the Trinity, established “one holy catholic and apostolic church”, established Catholic church
A
Nicene Creed
22
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Rev
the council of Nicaea(?) decided what scriptures to include in their canon
A
Bible
23
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Rev
Bishop of Hippo, 354-430, wrote books, wrote “City of God”
A
Augustine
24
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Rev
book written by Augustine, wrote book of Jerusalem white and purified by God, was a Gnostic before being a Christian, amplifies Gnosticism in Christianity
A
City of God
25
# Rev
the method whereby the ministry of the Christian Church is held to be derived from the apostles by a continuous succession
Apostolic Succession
26
# Rev
Peter is the head of the church (he holds the keys given to him by Christ)
Petrine Supremacy
27
# Rev
leader of the Roman Catholic church
Pope
28
# Rev
– (Belief) Shahadah: There is no god but God and Muhammad is his prophet, (Practaces) Salat: Ritual prayer, Sawm: Observation of Ramadan, Zakat: Tithe, Hajj: Pilgrimage?
Five Pillars of Islam
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# Rev
Islamic scripture, can only be in Arabic
Qur'an
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# Rev
tradition, Commentaries on Islamic scripture, gives instruction on everyday living
Hadith
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Moral code religious law, a quasi-scripture, as Islamic law develops, it is collected in this book and it becomes a sort of de facto constitution for Islamic states
Sharia
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# Rev
Making one’s self a better Muslim is greater \*, lesser \* is a call by Muhammad to spread the faith
Jihad
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major branches of Islam, \* - Major and defining branch of Islam, Abu Bakr 573-634, founded scholarly side of Islam, \* - followed Muhammad’s son-in-law, Ali 601-661, develop into the mystical side of Islam, 12 Imams or Islamic teachers, the 12th Imam will be the Savior of the world named The Mahdi, will return in the last day with Jesus, divided into 3 different groups, no central leading authority, Riba is the idea that it is immoral to charge interest on loans
Sunni and Shi'a
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Muslims constitute a body that separates the mental and physical, The idea that Muslims create a corporate body when put together
Umma
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People in Gaul spoke Vulgar Latin, created Hybrid government, adapted Roman government hybrid with tribal aspects, made up of Magnates (the wealthy)
Gallo-Romanism
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refering to the Salien \* (not the rhenans), settle in Belgum, between 300 and 450 move to the south/west, Merovech/Marwig leads a lot of this
Franks
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led by Merovech, leads the mass migration of Franks into Gaul, most magnates will surrender, those that oppose are defeated
Merovingian Dynasty
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expands Frankish control to almost all of Gaul, Grandson(?) of Merovech, the first time in a long time that western Europe is united under one leader(?), 496 \* is baptized Christian, used that conversion to rule over the existing Galo-Roman structure, builds Christian Kingdom, keeps the Magnates ruling in their areas with their own Comitates, \* adopts the Galo-Roman government, society, language, culture, etc., builds his own church (Church of St. Denis), becomes the Royal Church of France, moves administrative capital to Paris
Clovis
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Law about succession, Agnatic Succession means that only males can be rulers(?), \* Patrimony means that not one male child would inherit but all would inherit a piece of the kingdom, deliberately build instability into their succession
Salic Law
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system set up to teach through religion, become religious centers
Monasticism
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540-604, Pope 590-604, standardizes the system of worship (mass), despatches missionaries to England (it had been taken over by non-religious people), says that the Bishop of Rome is the head of the church, allowed Germans to keep their festivals and worship the Christian God in them
Gregory I
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# Rev
675-754, missionary, realized that if he controlled how people learned, they could control the people(?), Merovingians used church for legitimacy and also for education(?)
Wynfrid/Boniface
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an assistant to the king, control armies in the Francian state
Mayor of the Palace
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, gained a lot of power without usurping the power of the king in France, cannot over through the king, ran the state while the king didn't really pay attention, continued to put themselves in positions of power throughout France
Carolingians
45
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688-741, Mayor of the Palace 718-741, nicknamed "the hammer", gained more power than anyone before him, left his rule to his two sons Pepin and ?, ? went to a monistary, Pepin wrote Pope to ask if power should go to those who had power or those who were Royal(?), Pope said he who had power
Charles Martel
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10 October 731, 30,000 men on each side, muslim cavalry fight through martel's infantry, martel wins battle, 10,000 killed on each side, great battle in europe, religious battle, possibly stoped muslims from invading Francia and europe
Battle of Tours
47
# Rev
740s-814, King of the Franks 768, King of Italy 774, takes over Spain, Christianizes Spain, helps Leo III to be pope when he's kicked out of Rome, this guy helps, is forcably crowned king by the pope later
Charlemange
48
# Rev
English monk, well educated in Christianity and Law, goes to Charlemagne and Charlemagne makes him a Prime Minister, creates a government, the first coherent one since the fall of Rome, Charlemagne uses his Aachen/Aix-la-Chappelle as his seat of government, government named the Curia Regis, Curia is a group of officials that administrate and run the church, creates the first cabinet, built centralized bureaucracy
Alcuin of York
49
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The idea that all of Christianity is not only united religiously, but that it should be united politically in an empire of empires, Charlemagne uses this idea to provide connections between these states, the idea that even if they fight each other, they are still united through religion, especially if attacked by an outsiders
Christendom
50
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Ancient Germany?
Holy Roman Empire
51
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Come out of Scandinavia, usually raided and left, but settled in England, many settle in Normandy (northern modern France), raid all the way to Spain and Italy, spread their genes, use longships to strike quickly, use psychological conditioning to create Berserkers who either kill everyone or die trying, use axes and longswords, Christianized
Vikings
52
# Rev
Viking state, place where the Vikings are most successful
Danelaw
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1028-1087, Duke of Normandy 1035-1087, King of England 1066-1087, puts together a private army, conquers England in 1066, creates the Kingdom of England, creates question of who controls England and France, conquered vikings?
William the Bastard
54
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941-996, King of France 987-996, conference of nobles(?) elects him as King after seeing that the (?) where not effective ruler, longest rule in European history (of his dynasty), rule cannot be passed down through women
Hugh Capet
55
# Rev
King owns all of the land in the kingdom, gives nobles fief, nobles pay back in taxes and protection, relies on the loyalty of the vassals
Feudalism
56
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economic system of Medieval Europe, lord takes taxes, a portion of the crop for equipment, for land, etc., serfs did all the work, serfs were liable to spend a certain time a month or week or year on public works (the Corvee)
Manorialism
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# Rev
land given to a Noble from the Kind
Fief
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Person that the fief is given to
Vassal
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(Domain) – area over which a ruler is in charge economically?
Demesne
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a school of religion and learning, received up to a fifth grade education, grow upwards, secondary schools and then universities grow from them, Islamic?
Madrasa
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he was a physician, started to develop medicine, made commentaries on Aristotle, not persecuted
Ibn Sina
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was a polymath, Philosopher, Theologian, Lawyer, Jurist, Logician, Physician, Politician, Musician, Astronomer, Geographer, Mathematician, Physicist, etc., investigated Aristotle, conducted his whole investigation in Spain, used Systematic Logic in religion, said that there is a Divine Soul and an Individual Soul, also decided that there are two paths to truth, through Philosophy or Religion, was persecuted
Ibn Rushd
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# Rev
group that Basil wanted to combine with to conquer Bulgaria, lived in modern day Ukraine, became Orthodox Christians
Kiev Rus'
64
# Rev
26 August 1071, the Byzantines beat by the Seljuk Turks
Battle of Manzikert
65
# Rev
1054, tension between Leo IX and Michael Cerularius (, declare each other heretics, divides the world between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy
Great Schism
66
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noble armies start going to Constantinople, then try to figure out what they’re going to do, they don’t have a leader, move to lay siege on Jerusalem, sets the pattern of conflict for the next few hundred years
Crusades
67
# Rev
1042-1099, Pope 1088-1099, initiated the First Crusade, Byzantine Empire calls on him for help with the Turks
Urban II
68
# Rev
November 1095, Pope Urban II brings up issue of the Turks, leads to the first crusades?
Council of Clermont
69
# Rev
way to convince serfs to go to Palestine and defend Christianity
"Take up the Cross"
70
# Rev
One of these Crusader States, most important, longest lasting Crusader States, produces a mix of eastern and western culture
Kingdom of Jerusalem
71
# Rev
kind of a military genius, campaigned against both local rivals and the crusaders, controlled the whole middle east within five years, in 1174, he moved against Damascus
Salah al-Din
72
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in Northern Palestine, 4 July 1187, Crusaders come to battle against Salah al-Din, al-Din surrounds and slaughters the crusader army, Jerusalem surrenders on 2 October 1187, enslaved all those who would not pay ransom
Battle of Hattin
73
# Rev
First Qin Shi Huang, first proper emperor in China, conquers the other states to end the period of warring states, lasted from ?-?
Qin Dynasty
74
# Rev
Started Qin Dynasty
Qin Shi Huang
75
# Rev
Established Chinese Emperial state after the Qin dynasty, crossbows, silk, climate was good to grow silk, create centralized bureaucracy, create bureaucratic class of people trained in crafts of bureaucracy, gives a legitimacy to the state, creates vaults out of brick, had to do their own math and science because of a lack of cultural exchange?, created their own seismometer, start using algebra and mathematical zero, destabilized around 200AD, 200-600 is kind of period of warring states
Han Dynasty
76
# Rev
960-1279, ruled over smaller area confined to east China, surrounded by other Chinese states, not as strong as the Tang dynasty, Northern song dynasty is on their north, create a standing navy, create war ships, 1200 China is invaded from outside forces
Song Dynasty
77
# Rev
idea that Japan and it’s culture is ruled from a central area, the ruler of Japan is the Emperor
Yamato
78
# Rev
538-710, pentacle of the Yamato system, a lot of influence from China, Japanese is simplified Chinese at these point, Buddhism spread to Japan from China
Asuka Period
79
# Rev
early Japanese legal code
Ritsuryo
80
# Rev
Japanese vertical construction that is usually a Buddhist shrine
Pagoda
81
# Rev
794-1185, period where Japan is trying to get it’s own identity, gives the west a lot of sterotypes of Japan
Heian Period
82
# Rev
rulers during the Heian period?
Fujiwara
83
# Rev
first recorded noval, written by a woman, Murisaki Shikibu
Tale of Genji
84
# Rev
wrote Tale of Genji
Murisaki Shikibu
85
# Rev
Period where the Shogunate starts?, time of intense internal conflict
Kamakura Period
86
# Rev
creates Shogunate, Shogun 1192-?
Minamoto Yoritomo
87
# Rev
decentralized system with central ruler (the shogun), kind of a feudal system
Shogunate
88
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give shoguns to Japan, the shoguns are regional leaders?, ruled a lot during shogunate?
Hojo
89
# Rev
regional leaders in Japan during the Kamakura Period?, territorial lords
Daimyo
90
# Rev
Japanese warriors
Samurai
90
# Rev
Japanese warriors
Samurai
