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Host and Defense Test 3 > Test 3 Week 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Week 3 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What mediates the response to bee sting venom?

A

Histamine (lower blood pressure, constricted airways, swelling, smooth muscle contraction “diarrhea, vomit”)

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2
Q

Where do humans have connective tissue mast cells?

A

Skin

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3
Q

Where are mucosal mast cells found in humans?

A 
Lung
Intestine (Tcell dependent...if Tcell deficient they have problems with these.
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4
Q

What are the major contents in mast cell granules?

A

Proteases

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5
Q

How does the IgE allergen response work?

A

Allergen activatesTh2 and B cells
Isotype switching to IgE
IgE binds to mast cells (irreversible)
Second allergen attack activates the mast cells

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6
Q

Which subunit (a,b,g) binds to the IgE antibody?

A

Alpha

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7
Q

What are the two pro-inflammatory products of Arachidonic acid?

A

Prostaglandin

Leukotrienes

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8
Q

What causes Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease?

A

Over production of Leukotrienes (because NSAIDS inhibit Prostaglandins which are supposed to inhibit Leukotrienes)

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9
Q

What would you suspect with lots of Eosinophils?

A

Parasite infection

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10
Q

What’s the major toxic part of Eosinophils called?

A

Major basic protein

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11
Q

What’s the purpose of the basophil?

A

Helps initiate the Th2 by producing IL-4, which initiates IgE response

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12
Q

What’s the “Wheal and Flare” response?

A

What happens with a mosquito bite on the surface of the skin (and other allergens)

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13
Q

What are the differences between the Acute response and Chronic response of Asthma?

A

Acute response: caused by allergen (antigen) and inflammatory mediators
Chronic response: caused later by cytokines and Eosinophil products

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14
Q

What’s a probably cause of genetically inherited allergies?

A

more likely to produce IL-4

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15
Q

What is the name of the deer tick that transfers Lymes disease?

A

Ixodes tick

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16
Q

What life cycle stage do deer ticks feed on humans/dogs (transfer lymes disease)?

A

Nymph (after larval stage and before adult)

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17
Q

What’s the spirochete called that causes lymes disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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18
Q

What are the stages of Lyme disease?

A

Stage 1: (Progressive) erythema migrans (bulls eye) secondary lesions, flu-like, headache, muscle, joint pain, Neurological
Stage 2: (Disseminated) Organs involved, meningitis, Bells palsy, Carditis
Stage 3: (Late) Arthritis, skin lesions, neurologic

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19
Q

How does B. burgdorferi stay alive in the host?

A

resistant to host immune defenses (also it switches around its surface proteins by Vsle gene)

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20
Q

What is anaplasma phagocytophilum?

A

Another Ixodes tick spread bacteria (Doxycycline works)

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21
Q

What is borrellia miyamotoi?

A

Ixodes tick spread illness

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22
Q

How do we make “haptan” antibodies?

A

You conjugate a “drug” molecule with a self cell and it then becomes self reacting with B cells producing antibodies against it. (mainly IgG Type 2 response)

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23
Q

What antibody does Type 2 hypersensitivity produce?

A

IgG

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24
Q

What types of cells are targeted in Type 2 hypersensitivy?

A

Self cells (RBC’s or Mast cells)

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25
What antibody is produced in a Type 3 response?
IgG
26
What is targeted in a type 3 hypersensitivity?
large doses of Soluble antigen
27
At what point is it easiest for your body to clear antigen?
later on, after cross linking
28
What does meningitis present as benign, without encephalitis?
HSV (VZV, CMV, EBV)
29
What's LP?
lumbar puncture
30
How does HSV manifest in the CNS?
Acute encephalitis (memory and psychiatric problems)
31
What are the major bacterial pathogens that cause meningitis?
S. pneumo Neisseria Meningitidis Listeria
32
How does the bacteria cause meningitis?
Nasopharyngitis......local invasion.....bacteremia....crosses the BBB
33
What species of mosquitoes cause Malignant malaria?
Pl. Falciparum
34
What 3 species cause benign malaria?
Pl. vivax Pl. ovalae Pl. Malaria
35
What's the difference between benign and malignant malaria?
Malignant: dangerous Benign: not gonna kill you
36
What cells are infected by malaria?
RBC's,
37
What makes Pl. falciparum lethal?
targets RBCs of all ages heavy parasitemia in RBC's Malaria toxin It evades clearance (avoids the spleen)
38
Where in the body does Malaria infect?
brain | retina
39
What's the bug for anthrax?
bacillus Anthracis (spore)
40
Where does b. anthracis come from?
Cutaneous (common) Injection (heroin) livestock (eating it) Inhalation (terrorism)
41
What is the life cycle of the B. burgdorfei Ixodes tick?
``` Spring: eggs hatch Summer: larva feed on small infected animals Fall/winter: nymph stage Spring: nymph feeds on human/dog Fall: Adult feeds on deer ```
42
What's an ELISA?
Enzyme-Linked-Immuno-Sorbent-Assay (aka EIA yellow color change) IgM/IgG reacts to Whole Cell Lysate
43
What's Immunoblot/Western blot?
Proteins put on a band to show definitive Lymes disease
44
What are the 2 tier systems for Lymes disease diagnoses?
1. ELISA with IgM/IgG WCL | 2. Immunoblot/Western blot (protein antigens show up)
45
What causes Human Granulocytic anaplasmosis?
Anaplasma phagocytophilum (ixodes tick)
46
What is babesia microti?
Ixodes tick infection
47
What causes relapsing fever Borrelia?
Ixodes tick with B. Miyamotoi
48
What causes tick borne encephalitis?
Viral ixodes tick infection
49
What are the late signs of measles?
Rash | Kopliks spots
50
What 3 diseases can be caused by Measles?
Pneumonia Encephalitis Death
51
What two fungi can cause chronic sinusitis?
Mucor | Aspergillus
52
What causes Bronchitis?
Bordettella Pertussis
53
What do you treat strep pharyngitis with?
Penicillin
54
What does S. aureus food poisoning cause?
Vomiting
55
Why is PCR good for C. diff?
May detect asymptomatic carriers
56
What are the drugs to treat uncomplicated cystitis?
Nitrofurantoin | TMP/SMX (bactrin)
57
What are the drugs to treat uncomplicated pyelonephritis?
Fluoroquinolones | TMP/SMX (bactrin)
58
How can you get infected by a hook worm?
Soil to skin
59
How do you get infected by Schistosomas?
Freshwater skin penetration
60
What type of fever does Schistosomas cause?
Katayama

Host and Defense Test 3 (6 decks)

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