test 4

Question 1

Only type of bacterial conjunctivitis associated with pseudomembranes

Answer 1

Neisseria Gonnorhhoeae (gram neg)

Question 2

% of patients who get angle recession after hyphema

Answer 2

60%

This is why you should perform gonioscopy after the hyphema has resolved

Question 3

Because of the near triad, esotropia could be due to

Answer 3

Hyperopia or over accommodating

Question 4

Broca-Sulzer effect

Answer 4

Light with an intensity above threshold will appear brightest if the duration is 50=100msec.

Question 5

Fencher’s Law

Answer 5

Assumes that Weber’s law will hold true for stimuli above a given brightness threshold.

Question 6

Point focal lenses completely correct for what type of aberration

Answer 6

Radial astigmatism

Point focal correct radial astig at the cost of offering no correction for curvature of field

Question 7

Percival form lenses completely correct for what type of aberration

Answer 7

Curvature of field without offering any correction for radial astigmatism.

Question 8

Orthoscopic doublet lenses

Answer 8

Minimize the effects of chromatic aberration.

Question 9

How to find the ideal index of an anti-glare coating for a polycarbonate lens

Answer 9

Square root of polycarbonate index: 1.586

Question 10

What fat soluble vitamin is least toxic

Answer 10

E

Question 11

does a chemical burn result in decreased or increased IOP

Answer 11

Increased

Question 12

Angle lambda

Answer 12

the angle between the pupillary axis and the line of sight. Usually 0.5mm nasal to the center of the pupil.

Question 13

a 1mm shift in corneal reflex corresponds to how many pd

Answer 13

22

Temporal = eso 
nasal = exo

Question 14

Is brinzolamide a suspension

Answer 14

yes, must shake

Question 15

Do oral steroids increase or decrease BP

Answer 15

Increase

Question 16

What is the aperture stop in a telescope

Answer 16

Objective lens

Question 17

What causes RCE

Answer 17

Malformation or loss of hemidesmosomes between the basal layer of the K epi and BM.

Could also be due to increase in thickness of BM or age

Question 18

What 3 things are attached to the scleral spur

Answer 18

Corneoscleral meshwork

Longitudinal and radial muscle fibers of the ciliary muscle

Question 19

Only test that measures associated phoria

Answer 19

Fixation disparity

Very small misalignment of the eyes that allows for single binocular vision

Question 20

Parks 3 step

Answer 20

1. Which eye is hyper
2. Worse with what gaze
3. Worse with what tilt

Question 21

When does stereo develop

Answer 21

6 months

Question 22

AREDS 1

Answer 22

ACE !

Vitamin A / Beta carotene- 15mg 
Vitamin C- 500mg
Vitamin E- 400 UI 
80mg zinc 
2mg copper

Question 23

IgG

Answer 23

Most common antibody found in circulation

Only Ab that can cross placenta

Question 24

Pyramidal pathway

Answer 24

Begins in the motor cortex in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.

Provide motor innervation to the distal muscles through the lateral corticospinal tract and proximal muscles through the anterior corticospinal tract

Question 25

What can be used to produce ketone bodies during starving conditions

Answer 25

Acetyl CoA can either go to TCA cycle or to form ketone bodies as an alternative source

Question 26

What arteries form the minor circle of the iris

Answer 26

Formed by a remnant of the embryological development

Question 27

How does cyclopentolate treat anterior uveitis

Answer 27

1. Cyclo immobilizes the inflamed iris--> reduced pain 2. Mydriasis prevents PS 3. Vasoconstriction stabilizes the BAB

Question 28

Which system has better absolute sensitivity?

Answer 28

scotopic has better ability to detect dim lights.

Question 29

Why does a vitamin C deficiency result in scurvy

Answer 29

Scurvy= defective collagen synthesis and weak CT Vitamin C is an essential cofactor to convert pro collagen to collagen.

Question 30

CN most likely to be damaged from trauma

Answer 30

4 bc thinnest and longest

Question 31

What age range does the VA of a child approach adult

Answer 31

3-4 years

Question 32

Which type of muscle contains multinucleated cells

Answer 32

Skeletal

Question 33

The inner layer of the optic cup gives rise to

Answer 33

Iris posterior pigmented epi, NPCE, neural retina

Question 34

The outer layer of the optic cup gives rise to the

Answer 34

RPE

Question 35

What causes Descemet's folds?

Answer 35

Corneal stromal edema - IK - early post op cataracts

Question 36

Distance for FT 28 and FT 35

Answer 36

28 is 5mm | 35 is 3.5 mm

Question 37

Respiratory acidosis is caused by

Answer 37

Hypoventilation --> increase in Co2 --> Acidic blood/decrease in PH

Question 38

Another name for whorl keratopathy

Answer 38

Corneal Verticillata

Question 39

Collateral vessels are most commonly observed with what condition

Answer 39

retinal vein occlusions Others: advanced glaucoma, ON tumors

Question 40

2 broad causative mechanisms of dry eye

Answer 40

Tear hyperosmolarity | Tear instability

Question 41

How to calculate convergence demand

Answer 41

Pd in cm x accommodative demand in diopters

Question 42

What wavelengths do rods and cones maximally absorb?

Answer 42

Rods- 507 Cyanolabe (blue) - 426 Chlorolabe (green) - 530 Erythrolabe (red) 557

Question 43

4 uses for Nd: YAG

Answer 43

SLT LPI Cyclodestruction of the CB Posterior capsuloptomy

Question 44

3 uses for argon laser

Answer 44

ALT PRP Barrier laser treatment for retinal holes

Question 45

What delays wound healing

Answer 45

``` DM Infection Tissue ischemia Malnutrition Cortisol/stress Decreased platelet aggregation ```

Question 46

Keratocytes

Answer 46

Fibroblasts within the cornea that produce collagen and extracellular matrix

Question 47

Which 3 structures in the eye store glycogen

Answer 47

Muller cells K epi cells Vitreous

Question 48

What are the best ways to measure VA in infants/children?

Answer 48

Preferential looking - Broken wheel cards - TAC