Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biomechanics > test 4 > Flashcards

test 4 Flashcards

(89 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

motor pathways are also called what

A

efferent (decending)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sensory pathways are also called what

A

afferent (ascending)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

types of nerves

A

motor, sensory, interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

interneurons are what

A

allow for other neurons to connect with each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

junction between nerve and muscle

A

neuromuscular junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

action potential

A

electrical chemical signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

in a alpha motor neuron what is the resting membrane potential

A

-70mv (more negative in the inside then outside the cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how is ions moved between cells

A

sodium pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

emg stands for

A

electromyography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does myo stand for

A

muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is surface emg good for

A

superficial muscles, timing of activation, gross control, easy to learn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is surface emg not good for

A

deep muscles, fine motor contorl, takes alot of skin prep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a conductor

A

the inverse of impedance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

indellinng electrods are good for

A

fine motor control, single motor unit, deep muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

draw backs for indwelling elctrods

A

invasive, difficult to learn,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

one detection surface is called what

A

unipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a common detection surface called

A

bipolar electrode configuration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is a motor unit

A

motor neuron axon and all the motor fibers it activates downstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

small motor units(fine motor control) focuses on what

A

innervation ratio 1:10 (eyeball)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

large motor units focuses on what

A

gross motor control force production (big force quads) 1:10,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

types of neuron twitches

A

slow and fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

slow twitch often relates to what kind of work

A

slow motion(small motor units) oxidative (fatigue resistant) (low threshold, how much it takes to fire)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

fast twitch often relates to what kind of work

A

glycolytic getting more force and more quickly (highly fatigable) (high threshold takes more to fire)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how do motor units active

A

in a sequential activation (size principle, Heneman’s principle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
size principle description
turning motor units on(recruitment) small units first big ones later
26
hangmen's principle is what
low threshold first then high threshold after (same thing as the size principle)
27
neural factors
1. activates asynchronous for a smooth contraction 2. skipping the recruitment order 3. co contraction(for stabilization) (agonist and antagonist activate at the same time) 4. bilateral deficit 5. cross education phenoniums 6. innervation contractions
28
synchronization of motor units does what
turns all motor units all on
29
facilitate vs inhibitation
facilitate makes it easier inhabitation makes it harder
30
what is recruitment / decruitment
turning on and off motor unit activation due to the need of muscle activation
31
what are the two ways to alter force production
1. recruitment / recruitment 2. rate cording
32
slow twitch and fast twitch pulses per sec is what
slow twitch 10-20 fast twitch 30-60
33
what are the two things that have an net effect on a neuron (sum of all the epsp and sum of all the ipsp)
inhibitory(less likely to get across) excitatory(more likely to get across)
34
epsp and ipsp stands for what
excitatory, inhibitory post synaptic potential
35
different types of motor behaviors
1, voluntary- descending 2, reflective- accending 3, automatic
36
types of sensory nerves
touch, pressure, thermal,
37
myosynaptic excitatory loop is what
stretch a muscle it contracts
38
a spindle pathway is also referred to as
1a pathway(excitatory)
39
ipsilateral means what
same side
40
contralateral means what
opposite side
41
the muscle spinndles are doing what on the ipsilateral
excites ipsilateral agonist and inhibits ipsilateral antagoinist
42
the muscle spindles are doing what on the contralateral
excites contralateral agonist and inhabits contralateral antagonist
43
1b pathway is referred to as
gto(inhibitory)
44
gto effects on the ipsilateral
inhibit ipsilateral agonist and excite ipsilateral antagonist
45
gto effects on the contralateral
inhibits contralateral antagonist and excites contralateral agonist
46
disinhibition is what
getting rid of anything that is slowing us down
47
tri phasisc pattern is what
if you move a limb on your own voluntarily, rapidly and you stop it on your own, then you get this characteristic 3 round burst on the emg
48
what is the first agonist burst look like
the very first spike in the emg
49
what is the first antagonist burst
the 2nd spike in the emg
50
what is the second agonist burst
the 3rd spike in the emg
51
neuromechanical properties are what two things
reflective and automatic
52
central pattern genetics is what
primitive control mechanism
53
only place in the body were we get mechanical tension(spring tension mechanism)
sarcromere tension is between 100-120
54
what are some added behaviors
length tension(stetching), force velocity(left negative = eccentric, right positive= concentric
55
what is the general pattern referring to eccentric isometrics concentric
eccentric> isometric >concentric
56
what is length tension and force velocity together
force power relationship
57
length tension says at max velocity what do we get for power
0
58
what is peak power velocity and max force
30%-50%
59
what is a example of neuromechanical stuff
stretch shortening cycle(plyometrics)
60
plyo phases
1, eccentric (rapid stretch) 2, amortization ( very brief pause) 3, concentric ( rapid )
61
benefits of plyometrics
increase force output and increase power
62
all plyos have eccentrics but not all eccentrics are plyo
63
neuromechanical response to plyo
1, elicit a stretch reflex (excitatory mechanism)(neuro) 2, increase in release of stored elastic energy(mechanical)
64
-------
---------
65
motor behavior is comprised of what
motor development motor learning motor control
66
how do we control movement>
67
types of control
voluntary control (top down aka hierarchical) open loop control closed loop control
68
generalized motor
doing something over and over again till we are programed to do it
69
open loop control
there is no feedback(once its starts it doesn't stop)- max fast movement
70
closed loop control
with feedback- vision, muscle spindle, joint receptors, pressure receptors
71
what practice is better physicals or mental
physicals
72
formula for id
id= log2(2d/w) d=distance w=width (the further you move the harder is becomes)
73
reaction time(voluntary)
length of time between the onset of a stimulus and the beginning of the resulting movement(ms) (min 100 msec) (improved with pmt)
74
reflex time(autonomic)
(ms) length of time between the onset of a stimulus and the beginning of the resulting movement ( less then 100 msec)
75
movement time
the length of time that it takes to complete that movement (msec)(degree in motion)
76
response time
the mathematical sum of the reaction time plus movement time
77
pmt
length of time between the onset of a stimulus like the command to move and the beginning of the emg recording in the agonist (referred to as central processing time)
78
motor time
the mechanical delay
79
total reaction time is composed of what
pmt + mt
80
simple reaction time
one choice reaction time
81
choice reaction time
two choice reaction time (longer)
82
hick's law
the number of choices to be made and the length it takes to react longer as the variables increase Time= B * log2(number of choices + 1)
83
avoid mass practice unless its because of what
initial practice on real skill, kids, novice, rehab
84
acquisition vs retention
acquisition- once you learned it is permanent retention- doing it over and over to remember
85
chaotic practice is what and what is it good for
practicing one skill for a random time then dropping it, good for making the approach deliberate
86
bio feedback is
feedback of biological processes that we think is out of our control
87
building a practice design for an athlete whats the best thing to look at
1, initially lots of massed 2, fading design with distribution
88
acute(transient) adaptations
-warm up(motor control) -post activation potentiation(the next time the muscle is going to behave better) -Flexibility(PNF stretching common form is agonist contract(holding limb) or antagonist contraction-pulling limb in the other direction) -d.o.m.s -muscle strain -Fatigue(central drive)
89
chronic(permanent) adaptations
-muscle strength(hypertrophy, hyperplasia) -co contraction -changes in motor neuron recruitment pool -dendrite change in spinal cord -increase coordination(optimal timing and scaling of motor recruitment patterns) -axonal regeneration -collateral spouting -decrease reaction time -increase in postural sway

Biomechanics (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions