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Urinalysis > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

(89 cards)

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0
Q

Best specimen for urinalysis?

A

First morning specimen, it’s the most concentrated

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1
Q

Best for culture other than catheterized or suprapubic

A

Clean catch, midstream

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2
Q

List the types of urine specimens.

A 
Random
First morning
Fasting
2hour prandial
Clean catch mid stream
Catheterized 
Suprapubic
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3
Q

Legal specimens, require chain of custody and have specific collection procedures

A

Drug screening

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4
Q

List the specific security procedures

A

No purses
Empty pockets
Water turned off

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5
Q

Pale yellow urine indicates?

A

Low specific gravity

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6
Q

Dark yellow urine indicates?

A

High specific gravity

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7
Q

Urochordata causes what?

A

Causes yellow color

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8
Q

Pink or red urine indicates

A

RBC’s or hemoglobin

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9
Q

Brown urine?

A

Myoglobin

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10
Q

Concentrated specimen would be most likely what color?

A

Dark yellow

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11
Q

Orange urine and yellow foam?

A

Bilirubin if yellow foam also, if no yellow foam then it could be a dye or contaminant

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12
Q

If you had dehydration or burns what color would your urine be?

A

Amber

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13
Q

If you had a pseudomonas infection your urine would be?

A

Green

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14
Q

List the types of urine clarities

A

Clear…. Normal
Hazy….. Can see news print through
Cloudy…… Milky
Turbid….. Can’t see through

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15
Q

Can be pathologic or non pathologic

A

Turbidity

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16
Q

Precipitation of amorphous unrated or phosphates or even carbonates, mucus,epithelial cells are all examples of what?

A

Non pathologic turbidity

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17
Q

RBC’s and WBC’s, bacteria, yeast, and crystals are examples of what?

A

Pathologic crystals

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18
Q

List three ways to measure urine.

A

Dipstick
Urinometer
Refracts ether

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19
Q

What reflects the tubular reabsorption ability of the kidneys?

A

Specific gravity

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20
Q

Density of urine is what?

A

Specific gravity

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21
Q

Dipstick gives you what type of measurement?

A

Rough

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22
Q

Uses a large amount of specimen, and must be corrected for temperature?

A

Urinometer

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23
Q

Reflected light, very precise measurement, and only uses one to two drops of pee

A

Refractometer

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24
Constant specific gravity of ------- is abnormal?
1.010
25
List the ways to Handle and store dipsticks.
``` Room temperature storage Urine at room temperature Desiccant...... To remove moisture No volatile fumes Use before expiration date ```
26
Useful for identifying crystals and measures acidity and alkalinity of a specimen
pH
27
Urine is ------- most of the time?
Acidic
28
What's the normal ph range for urine?
4.5 to 8.0
29
A pH of 9 would indicate what?
Proliferation of bacteria --urease breaking down of urea---- old specimen
30
What is the system we use to measure pH?
Double indicator system
31
What are the two stains we would use for a PH measurement?
Methyl red | Bro thymol blue
32
Protein in what is significant?
Absence of blood
33
Finding protein in urine can indicate what?
Normal overflow or renal damage
34
What are a few things that can cause proteinuria?
Exercise and dehydration | also from muscle injury and glomerular disorder
35
SSA detects how many types of proteins?
All of them
36
SSA has a dipstick specific for what?
Albumin
37
In multiple myeloma patients SSA detects what kind of proteins?
"Bence-Jones"
38
SulfosLicylic acid is a confirmatory test for what?
Protein
39
Glucose in urine when plasma levels exceed renal threshold (160-180mg/DSL) indicates what
Diabetes mellitus
40
T/F | There is a dipstick specific for glucose?
True
41
What uses glucose oxidase enzyme, per oxidase enzyme, and a chromgen?
Glucose dipstick
42
T/F | Glucose oxidase reacts with albumin to produce gluconic acid and peroxide
False--- it reacts with glucose
43
T/F | Peroxide reacts with chromogen in presence of peroxidase to change the color
True
44
The clinitest is positive when?
With all reducing sugars
45
The clinitest detects what hereditary condition
Galactose | Galactose rica
46
Having galactose in the urine of a newborn represents what?
An inborn error of metabolism---- no breakdown of galactose..... Failure to thrive, death
47
In your clinitest cupric sulfate is converted to what?
Cuprous oxide
48
What color indicates positive, what colors indicate negative reactions in an clinitest?
Blue---positive | Yellow green red orange ----- negative
49
Table sugar is not a what?
Reducing sugar
50
The clinitest detects what?
Galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, ect.
51
A real high sugar can cause what in a clinitest?
It can cause it to turn back to a positive called a "pass through phenomenon "
52
List the tree ketones
Acetone Acetoacetic acid Beta-hydroxybutyric acid
53
What Is the test that is available for a beta-hydroxybutyric acid?
There is none
54
The dipstick for ketones is more sensitive for --------- than -------------.
Acetoacitic acid | Acetone
55
Ketones in urine from increased fat metabolism occur in?
``` Diabetic acidosis Starvation Strenuous exercise Vomiting Anorexia Inadequate insulin dosage ```
56
In diabetic acidosis we see what?
A real high glucose level
57
Ketones react with sodium nitroprusside to produce what color?
Purple
58
Acetest tablet has what added to help detect acetone in addition to acetoacedic acid
Glycine
59
Blood in the urine indicates what?
Positive for both RBC's ( hematuria) and hemoglobin (hemeglobinuria)
60
When testing for blood on a dipstick what else could also react?
Myoglobin
61
Pseudo peroxidase method is used to measure what?
Amount of blood in urine
62
When measuring blood in the urine, hydrogen peroxide plus a chromogen in the presence of hemoglobin converts the chromogen to what color?
A green-blue color
63
When using the pseudoperoxidase method to measure blood in the urine hemoglobin acts like a -------- for the reaction
Enzyme
64
T/F | Ascorbic acid causes a positive reaction?
False...... It causes a false- negative
65
Bilirubin is what?
A breakdown product of hemoglobin from red cell destruction
66
Elevated Bilirubin levels in the urine can result from what?
Liver disease-----hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer Bile duct obstruction Hemolytic diseases
67
Bilirubin is measured with what?
The 'Diazo' reaction
68
In the measurement process of bilirubin diazonium salt is converted to what?
Azodye
69
Bilirubin is broken down by what?
Sun light
70
In the measurement of bilirubin interference can come from what?
Pyridium
71
The Ictotest is a conformation test for what?
Bilirubin
72
The Ictotest is considered more sensitive than what?
A dipstick
73
The end product of hemoglobin to conjugated bilirubin is what?
Urobilinogen
74
Small amounts of what are always present in the plasma and urine?
Urobilingen
75
Urobilingen is ------- in liver disease and hemolytic diseases?
Elevated
76
"Enrich"more agent is used in what?
The measurement of urobilinogen
77
When usin the "ehrlich's" reagent the color changes to rede in the presence of what?
Urobilinogen
78
What test is used to distinguish urobilinogen from porphobilinogen?
"Watson-Schwartz"
79
When looking for urobilinogen what else can cause a positive?
Porphobilinogen
80
Some gram positive bacteria will convert nitrate to -------?
Nitrite
81
Most urinary tract infections come from?
Gram-negative, nitrite producing bacteria
82
A pink color is produced from the reduction of nitrate in what reaction?
"Greiss" reaction
83
Esterases come from ------- detected?
Leukocytes
84
An acid ester is catalyzedby esterases from leukocytes today react with a ------- to produce a purple color.
Chromogen (Diazo salt)
85
A leukocyte esterase indicates a what ?
The presence of leukocytes above the normal amount
86
What is an indicator of an infection?
Leukocytes
87
Polyelectrolyte releases what?
Hydrogen ions in proportion to the number of ions in the solution......... The more ions the higher the specific gravity
88
Hydrogen ions cause a color change of what indicator?
Bromthymol Blue indicator | which is a chromogen

Urinalysis (1 decks)

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