TEST 4

Question 1

What is an Amniote?

Answer 1

An vertebrate (reptile, bird, or mammal) that has a protective membrane around the embryo called the amnion.

Question 2

What is the Chorion?

Answer 2

A waterproof membrane that enables gasses to pass through.

Question 3

Name the four types of extra embryonic membranes.

Answer 3

Amnion, Chorion, Allantois, and Yolk Sae

Question 4

What is an Allantois

Answer 4

A water disposal system for the embryo.

Question 5

What does the Yolk Sae Do?

Answer 5

It provides nutrients for developing embryo.

Question 6

What is the skin proteins do reptiles have on their body to keep water in?

Answer 6

Keratin

Question 7

Are reptiles ectothermic or endothermic?

Answer 7

Ectothermic, change temperature behaviorally.

Question 8

The epidermal scales from reptiles gave rise to what characteristic?

Answer 8

The keratin feathers on birds.

Question 9

The epidermal scales from reptiles gave rise to what characteristic?

Answer 9

The keratin feathers on birds.

Question 10

Birds evolved what what group?

Answer 10

Dinosaurs/Reptiles/Feathered Reptiles.

Question 11

When were the dinosaurs mass extinction?

Answer 11

Mezozoic Era –> Cretaceous Period

Question 12

Name two types of extinct reptiles.

Answer 12

Plesiosaurs (aquatic) and Pterosaurs (flying)

Question 13

Archeaeopteryx is an example of a

Answer 13

transitional animal group

Question 14

What were the three main evolutionary reasons for feathers on birds

Answer 14

Warmth, flight, and mating rituals.

Question 15

Name some characteristics of Birds

Answer 15

Eggs with protected shell, keratin feathers, honeycomb bones (light), large muscles, endothermic, strong eyes, large brains with naviagation, coutship, social behaviors, etc.

Question 16

Many birds are learned behavior, which is a sign of intelligence.

Answer 16

Studies have shown that birds are able to talk, like in a conversation…

Question 17

Describe the first mammals.

Answer 17

Small, insectivores, nocturnal. They gave rise after dinosaurs had become extinct (didn’t have to worry about competition with them.

Question 18

Describe the first mammals.

Answer 18

Small, insectivores, nocturnal. They gave rise after dinosaurs had become extinct (didn’t have to worry about competition with them.

Question 19

What does Eutherian mammals have?

Answer 19

Placenta

Question 20

Name the four type of teeth that mammals have

Answer 20

Incisors, Canines, Premolars, and Molars

Question 21

Define Gastrulation

Answer 21

Developmental process where the early embryo begins to form different tissues and organs.

Question 22

Name the three germ layers and what they are associated with

Answer 22

Ectoderm:nervous/skin
Endoderm: gut
Mesoderm: muscles, connective tissues

Question 23

What are the only organisms that don’t go through gastrulation stages?

Answer 23

sponges

Question 24

In folding and the creation of the digestive cavity, these animals were created in the precambrian era

Answer 24

protoanimals, “gastrula-like”

Question 25

What is a burgess shale?

Answer 25

layers of sediment in shallow sea that fossilized many different types of animals from the Cambrian explosion.

Question 26

these protoanimals gave rise to what animals

Answer 26

Vertebraes/fish/anthioctis

Question 27

What was the ecological cause of the Cambrian explosion?

Answer 27

predator-prey relationships. Different prey/predator dynamic with different environments

Question 28

What was the geological cause of Cambrian Explosion?

Answer 28

atmospheric oxygen supported an active metabolism which increased mobility

Question 29

Low O2=less aerobic activity=

Answer 29

less ATP

Question 30

High O2=more aerobic activity=

Answer 30

more ATP

Question 31

What was the genetic cause of the Cambrian Explosion

Answer 31

Evolution of the Hox genes/regulatory genes, which ceased morphology during embryonic development

Question 32

Increased ecological niches after the Earth had melted a lot of snow also increased the number of species because then there was

Answer 32

hospitable location for life.

Question 33

Name the two types of Ancestral Protozoa

Answer 33

Parazoa and Eumetazoa

Question 34

Name properties of Parazoa

Answer 34

Tissues are non-differentiated, no gastrulation

Question 35

What are the Phylum in the Parazoa

Answer 35

Porifera/Sponges

Question 36

Name properties of Eumetazoa Protozoa

Answer 36

Tissues that are differential, and gastrulation that forms tissues

Question 37

Name two Phylum in the Eumetazoa

Answer 37

Phylum Snidaria and Phylum Ctenophor

Question 38

Whats the deal with Snidaria

Answer 38

Jellyfish/Anemone. They float in the water (they are free spirits ;P) Sensory structures are not concentrated on a location.

Question 39

What are Ctenophora?

Answer 39

Comb Jellyfish

Question 40

Name two Phylum in the Eumetazoa that are Radial/Radiata

Answer 40

Phylum Snidaria and Phylum Ctenophora

Question 41

What are Ctenophora?

Answer 41

Comb Jellyfish

Question 42

Name the two types of Eumetazoa

Answer 42

Radiata and Bilateria

Question 43

What are Bilateria Eumetoza

Answer 43

Animals with bilateral symmetry and a triploblast. They move with a purpose, have focused sensory structures.

Question 44

What are Acoelomates?

Answer 44

Animals with germ layers that have no separated spaces. The animal's solid. (Platyhelminthes/flatworms/tapeworms)

Question 45

What are Pseudocoelomates?

Answer 45

Animals with germ layers partially separated by spaces. They have a small cavity called a Psueocoelom.

Question 46

Name the phylums that have psueocoeloms

Answer 46

Nematoda and Rotifera

Question 47

What are Ceolomates

Answer 47

Animals with germ layers seperated by spaces of true Coelom.

Question 48

What is a True Ceolom

Answer 48

A complete lining of both inside and outside of the endodermic mesoderm. It acts as a cushion for free movement

Question 49

What are the two types of Ceolomates

Answer 49

Protosomes and Deuterostomes

Question 50

What are some characteristics of protosomes?

Answer 50

25 Phylum, 8 Cell Development stages, Spiral Cleveage, Determinate Cells, Blastopore develops into mouth

Question 51

What is the determinate cells?

Answer 51

Cells with a very specific purpose. It they are gone, then the body part doesn't develop

Question 52

What are some characteristics of Deuterostoems

Answer 52

3 Phylum, Radial cleavage, 8 cell development, indeterminate cells, blasophore evelops into anus

Question 53

What are some characteristics of Deuterostoems

Answer 53

3 Phylum, Radial cleavage, 8 cell development, indeterminate cells, blastopore develops into anus

Question 54

What are indeterminate cells?

Answer 54

Cells that can become whatever they want or need.

Question 55

What are the three main phylums of Protosomes?

Answer 55

Mollusca (clams/snails), Annelida (earthworms), Arthropoda (insects/spiders).

Question 56

Name the three main phylums of Dueterostomes

Answer 56

Echinoderm (starfish), Chordata (vertebrates), Hemichordates

Question 57

Name the three main phylums of Dueterostomes

Answer 57

Echinoderm (starfish), Chordata (vertebrates), Hemichordates

Question 58

What is a notochord

Answer 58

a flexible, sturdy rod along the length of the animal between the nerve cord and the gut.

Question 59

What is the nucleaus puposus:

Answer 59

A vestigial notochord

Question 60

A nerve cord is also known as a

Answer 60

spinal cord

Question 61

What are pharyngeal slits

Answer 61

A pharynx portion of the gut that opens to the outside.

Question 62

What is the function of a pharyngeal slits

Answer 62

Filter Feeding

Question 63

What is an SOM and what are some examples

Answer 63

Suspended Organic Material, Plankton, Detritus (bits of dead stuff) and