test 4 Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
bladder
A
sterile urine storage
600 mls
2
Q
urethra
A
channels urine outside the body from the bladder
1-2in females
up to 8 in males
3
Q
color
A
pale to dark yellow
4
Q
transparency
A
should be clear
if cloudy suspected infection
5
Q
odor
A
aromatic
6
Q
volume
A
1200-1500mls/day
7
Q
specific gravity
A
measures urine concentration
1.003 to 1.030
8
Q
Ph
A
5-7 is normal
urine is acidic
9
Q
cells and crystals
A
RBCS and WBS are normal
cyrstals are normal(can cause kidney stones)
10
Q
electrolytes
A
No glucose, ketones or protein
11
Q
urgency
A
sudden need to urinate
may be r/t inflammation or infection
12
Q
nocturia
A
excessive voiding at night
heart failure, diuretics, CHF and elderly
13
Q
enuresis
A
bed wetting
normal under 3
14
Q
dysuria
A
painful urination
15
Q
hesitancy
A
difficulty starting flow
neuro problem, UTI, antihistimines
16
Q
dribbling
A
involuntary passage
weak muscles, prostate problems
17
Q
hematuria
A
blood in urine
18
Q
pyuria
A
pus in urine
19
Q
polyuria
A
excessive amounts of urine
more than 2500 mls/day
20
Q
anuria
A
no urine output
21
Q
continence
A
voluntary urine control
22
Q
retention
A
urine that is retained in the bladder(after surgery)
23
Q
residual urine
A
urine that remains in the bladder after voiding
24
Q
UTI
A
upper and lower infections
Increase fluids, shower not bath, wipe back to front, wash hands, increase acids
25
lower UTI
bladder
cystitis
culture to confirm
increased RBCS, WBCS, and bacteria
26
symptoms of lower UTI
dysuria
frequency
cloudy urine
voiding in small amounts
27
Upper UTI
Kidneys
| pyleonephritis
28
symptoms of upper UTI
```
lethargy
fever
chills
vomitting
abdominal pain
tenderness
```
29
renal stones
can cause pain in lower back or abdomen that radiates to lower legs
dysuria, urgency and frequency
30
acute renal failure
when normal kidney function suddenly ceases
fluid and electrolyte imbalance
anorexia, N and V, fatigue,
can be fatal
31
chronic renal failure
over a period of time
32
incontinence
loss of voluntary control
33
interventions for incontinence
```
fluid restrictions
toilet schedules
depends
self-cath
exercise
```
34
5 types of incontinence
```
urge
stress
reflex
functional
urinary retention
```
35
urge
occurs immediatly after strong sensation to void
| UTI, long term cath, pregnancy
36
stress
involuntary leakage during times of increased pressure
| multi-births, pregnancy, tumor
37
reflex
permanent neuro lesion causing voiding to be controlled by the spinal cord.
Spinal cord iinjury, MS, CVA, brain tumor
38
functional
involuntary and unpredictable loss of urine
| neuro problem
39
urinary retention
inability to empty bladder
40
intravenous pyelogram
radiographic dye test to study renal pelvis, ureters and bladder
xray to see structures
41
cystometrogram
study to measure bladder pressures, reflex activity and bladder strength
put fluid into the bladder
42
electromyography
determines muscle strength via response to muscle stimulus
43
clean catch midstream
clean specimen
provide instruction
avoid contamination
assesses for UTI
44
UA
routine specimen done on admission
45
sterile
urine from bladder via cath
46
24hr
full day urine collection
| keep on ice
47
intake
ingestion of fluids orally
48
output
expulsion of fluids
49
urinary nursing diagnoses
```
incontinence
constipation
diarrhea
fluid volume deficit
impaired skin integrity
body image disturbance
self care deficit
```
50
sleep
is restorative
| state of unconsciousness from which one can be awakened by sensory or other stimuli
51
rest
waking state
52
insomnia
difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep
53
stages of sleep
REM and non-REM
54
REM (rapid eye movement) sleep
```
active sleep state
sympathetic activity
mind active, body relaxed
dreams
brain waves on EEG
80 minutes after onset
```
55
non-REM
quiet state
motor tone
change positions
4 stages
56
stage 1
5 min
eyes roll
easy to awaken
57
stage 2
10-25 min
sleep deeper
body function continues to drop
58
stage 3
```
20 min
deeper sleep
restful
hard to awake
parasympathetic system
```
59
stage 4
deepest sleep
difficult to awaken
eyes still
60
signs and symptoms of sleep deprivation
```
impaired cognitive function
mental fatigue
impaired memory
decreased concentration
poor judgement
personality changes
```
61
data collection
interview
62
diagnostic tests
electroencephalgram, EEG
electro-oculargram, EOG
electo-myogram, EMG
63
sleep nursing diagnoses
sleep deprivation
insomnia
readiness for enhanced sleep
64
5 types of insomnia
```
initial
intermittent
terminal
transient
persistent
```
65
initial
longer than 30min to fall asleep
66
intermittent
several brief periods of awakening
67
terminal
awake early and cant fall back asleep
68
transient
several days
69
persistent
lasts weeks
70
sleep apnea
no breathing with sleep
71
narcolepsy
daytime sleepiness
72
kleine levine syndrome
sleep attack that lasts for hrs or days
73
noctural myoclonus
calf muscle spasms
74
EDS
sleep at inappropriate times
75
parasomnias
sleepwalking, bed wetting, night terrors
76
sexual interview
```
identify concerns
problems that need referrals
teaching needs
treatment needs
client understanding
```
77
interview topics
```
gender
lifestyle
satisfaction
abuse
STDs
family risk factors
```
78
breast exam
look at size, color, shape, texture, lesions, tissue quality, nipple discharge
look at yourself in the mirror
feel breasts while lying down
feel breast while standing
79
male exam
sdfjakjsd
80
STDs
any infection transmitted by sexual intercourse
every sexually active person is at risk
some are life-threatening
81
gonorrhea
neisseria gonnorhea
late adolescents, young adults
antibiotic therapy
82
male gonorrhea symptoms
dysuria
frequency
discharge
83
female gonorrhea symptoms
asymptomatic early
discharge
dysuria
84
chlamydia
```
yellow discharge
urethritis
dysuria
frequency
antibiotics
```
85
syphilis
```
bacteria
incubation 10-90 days
primary
secondary
latent
tertiary
```
86
primary state
painless canker sore
| heals in weeks
87
secondary stage
```
affects all body systems
lesions on skin
fever
malaise
penicillin
```
88
latent stage
asymptomatic
89
tertiary stage
advanced with tumors
90
genital herpes
```
herpes simplex virus
lesions on genitalia, mouth or anus
dysuria, pain, fever
no cure
topicals
```
91
human papilloma virus(HPV)
```
100 different types
may be asymptomatic
genital warts
get vaccine
Most common in USA
```
92
trichomoniasis
protozoan
frothy green discharge, inflammation, itching
metronidazole
93
hep B
range of symptoms
| antiviral medications
94
HIV, AIDS
```
retrovirus
decreased resistance, fatigue,
compromised immune system
AIDs is later stage
antiviral medications
no cure
```
95
vaginitis
yeast or bacterial infection
96
3 domains of learning
cognitive
affective
psychomotor
97
cognitive
demonstarates results of thinking process, knowing and understanding
98
affective
feelings
own values
principles
99
psychomotor
action
demonstration
hands on
100
factors that facilitate learnin
```
energy and concentration
physical and emotional readiness
active
feedback
relevance
simple to complex
repetition
```
101
factors that inhibit learnin
```
anxiety
stress
poor concentration
physiological factos
cultural barriers
```
102
adult learners
independent persons
ready to learn
usually internally motivated
should be involved in planning care
103
learning ADPIE
```
Assesment- collect data
Diagnose- ID learners needs
Planning- ID goals, strengths, objectives and content
Implementation- teaching
Evaulate- outcomes of teaching
```
104
ureters
ducts allowing urine to pass from kidneys to bladder
105
4 theories of learning
behavioristic
cognitive
humanistic
elective
106
behavioristic
positive reinforcement when behavior occurs
107
cognitive
more insight for clearer meaning
108
humanistic
affective or feeling response towards learning
109
electic
combination of theories
