Test 4 Flashcards
(170 cards)
1
Q
Sensory Receptor that responds to changes in chemical concentrations (smell, taste, oxygen concentration)
A
Pain receptors (nociceptors)
2
Q
Outer most layer of the Meninges that contains many blood vessels & nerves is _____________?
A
Dura Mater
3
Q
Transmits all Ascending and Descending impulses: Two - way conduction path
A
Medulla Oblongata
4
Q
Functions of the spinal cord include?
A
Center for Spinal Reflexes Conduit (pathway) for Nerve Impulses to and from the Brain
5
Q
Heart Rate, Blood Pressure and Breathing Rate are Decreased Digestive Functions Increase Peristalsis Increase secretion of Digestive Juices and Insulin These are responses for ______________________?
A
Parasympathetic Stimulation
6
Q
Slender column of nervous tissue continuous with Brain and Brainstem is called the _____________?
A
Spinal Cord
7
Q
Thick gel that holds the Retina flat against Choroid Coat Helps maintain the shape of the Eye Location: Posterior Cavity
A
Vitreous Humor
8
Q
Shallow groove that divide each Hemisphere into grooves is called?
A
Sulci
9
Q
What conducts Efferent impulses from the Processing Center to an Effector?
A
Motor Neuron
10
Q
Very thin, vascular membrane that adheres closely to the Brain and Spinal Cord and contains many nerves and also many blood vessels that aid in nourishing the underlying cells of the Brain and Spinal Cord is the ________________?
A
Pia Mater
11
Q
Anterior cavity of eye, between cornea and lens, is filled with a watery fluid is called _____________?
A
Aqueous Humor
12
Q
Gray matter is mostly composed of _______________?
A
Interneurons
13
Q
What transmits the afferent impulses to the CNS?
A
Sensory Neuron
14
Q
Largest or deepest fissure that divides the Cerebrum into the right and left Cerebral Hemispheres is the ________________?
A
Longitudinal Fissure
15
Q
Middle ear is also referred to as the _______________?
A
Tympanic Cavity
16
Q
Which organ secretes tears?
A
Lacrimal gland
17
Q
Outer layer of the eye contains the ____________?
A
Fibrous Tunic
18
Q
How many pairs of lumbar nerves are there?
A
5
19
Q
Semicircular Canals Sense rotation and movement of head and body
A
Dynamic Equilibrium
20
Q
space enclosed by lens, ciliary body, and retina Contains vitreous humor: thick gel that supports internal structures and maintains shape of eye
A
Posterior Cavity
21
Q
Primary Motor Areas are located in the _____________? What does it control?
A
Frontal Lobes; Voluntary Muscles
22
Q
What separates the Frontal Lobe from the Parietal Lobe?
A
Central Sulcus
23
Q
Osseous Labyrinth is filled with ____________
A
Perilymph
24
Q
When neurons of the Basal Ganglia degenerate it causes ______________?
A
Parkinson’s Disease
25
Collects tears from canaliculi Lies in groove in lacrimal bone
Lacrimal sac
26
Receptors confined to structures in the head Location: Eyes, Ears, Nose and Tongue
Special Senses
27
Thin, delicate, weblike membrane that lacks Blood Vessels is?
Arachnoid Mater
28
The fissure that separates the Cerebrum from the Cerebellum is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Transverse Fissure
29
Functions to coordinate the muscular actions of the Mouth, Tongue, and Larynx as well as speech is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Broca's Area
30
Function: Produces such feelings as anger, fear, pleasure and sorrow. Differentiates pleasant from unpleasant Emotional Brain
Limbic System
31
Auditory Area is located where?
Temporal lobes
32
A person’s view of the stimulus The way the brain Interprets the information is called?
Perception
33
What flows through the Dural Sinuses?
Venous Blood
34
Masses of gray matter located deep within the Cerebral Hemispheres are called?
Basal Ganglia (Nuclei)
35
Contain light sensitive pigment Provide vision in dim light Produce colorless vision
Rods
36
Heart Rate Increases Blood vessels constrict Increase in B/P Dilation of blood vessels to Skeletal Muscles Dilation of the Airways to the Lungs Increase the activities of Sweat and Adrenal Glands Decrease in function of the Digestive Glands These are responses for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Sympathetic Stimulation
37
(IX)
Glossopharyngeal Mixed Sensory: Pharynx, Tonsils, Posterior Tongue and Carotid Arteries Taste: Posterior 1/3 of Tongue Motor: Muscles of Salivary Glands and Muscles for Swallowing (Pharynx)
38
A thin cord of CT that descends to the upper surface of the Coccyx is called?
Filum Terminale
39
What responds to the efferent impulses?
Effector
40
Visual area is located where?
Occipital lobes
41
Organ for sense of hearing is called?
Spiral Organ (Organ of Corti)
42
(III)
) Oculomotor Primarily Motor Lid movement: Raise the eyelids Eye movements Pupil constriction: Constricts iris in response to light
43
Brachial Plexuses is located between \_\_\_\_?
C5-T1
44
Contains Axons from the Motor Neurons leaving the Spinal Cord Their Cell Bodies were found in the gray matter of the Spinal Cord
Ventral (Anterior) Root
45
Bands of Pia Mater that attach the Meningeal Layer of the Dura Mater to the Spinal Cord are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Denticulate Ligaments
46
Auditory tube is also referred to as the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Eustachian Tube
47
Site of the Stimulus action Located at the end of a Sensory Neuron is?
Receptor
48
The brainstem includes what 3 things?
Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata
49
Many Reflex Actions are integrated in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Midbrain
50
Provides Blood supply Pigments absorb extra light
Choroid Coat
51
Broca's area is located where?
Frontal Lobe/Left Hemisphere
52
Which taste sensation is stimulated by carbohydrates Location: at the tip of the tongue . \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Sweet
53
What contains the centers for thousands and thousands of Reflex Arcs?
Primary Reflex Center
54
(XI)
Accessory Motor Cranial Branch: Muscles of the Soft Palate, Pharynx and Larynx Spinal Branch: Muscles of the Neck and Back
55
Cranial nerves conduct impulses into which part of the brain?
medulla oblongata
56
(II)
Optic Sensory (only): Sense of Vision
57
An example of a Simple Monosynaptic Reflex is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? What does it employ?
Knee-Jerk Reflex / Patellar Tendon Reflex Two neurons and involves only one Synapse
58
Spinal Tap: (Lumbar Puncture) is inserted where?
Into a space between L3 & L4 or L4 &L5
59
Which division prepares the body for stressful and emergency conditions?
Sympathetic Division "Fight or Flight"
60
Consists of Sensory Fibers that transmit impulses to the Spinal Cord from the peripheral parts of the body.
Dorsal Root (Posterior or Sensory)
61
Consist of Hair Cells and Supporting Cells Rapid turns of either the head or body stimulate the Hair Cells
Crista Ampullaris
62
All regions of the Cerebral Cortex can communicate with the Thalamus by?
Descending FIbers
63
Ridges or raised areas are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Gyri
64
How many segments is the spinal cord composed of?
31
65
Sensory Receptor that responds to changes in smell, taste, oxygen concentration.
Chemoreceptors
66
Sensory are for taste is located where?
In the Insula
67
How many pairs of coccygeal nerves are there?
1 pair
68
Space between the Arachnoid Mater and the Pia Mater is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Subarachnoid Space
69
Cervical Plexuses is located between \_\_\_\_\_?
C1-C4
70
Series of internconnected Cavities or spaces that are continuous with the Central Canal of the Spinal Cord is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Four Ventricles
71
How many pairs of thoracic nerves are there?
12
72
What makes up the outermost portion of the Cerebrum and the presence of the Convolutions greatly increase its surface area. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Cerebral Cortex
73
Between the Cerebral Hemispheres and above the Brain Stem Surrounds the Third Ventricle and composed of Gray Matter. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Diencephalon
74
(VII)
Facial Mixed Sensory: Taste of anterior 2/3 of Tongue Motor: Muscles of Facial Expression, Tear Glands and Salivary Glands
75
Sensory Receptor that respond to light (eyes)
Photoreceptors
76
Anterior portion “Window of the Eye” Transparent Function: Light transmission
Cornea
77
Located in the Brain Stem just in front of the Cerebellum is?
Fourth Ventricle
78
Function: It is the main Visceral Control Center of the Body Plays important roles in maintaining Homeostasis by regulating a variety of Visceral activities roles. This is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Hypothalamus
79
The neural pathway that a impulse takes through the Nervous System and carries out the simplest response is/
A Reflex Arc
80
(X)
Vagus Mixed Sensory: From Pharynx, Larynx, & Esophagus and Viscera of Thorax and Abdomen Somatic Motor: Muscles involved with Speech and Swallowing Autonomic Motor: Transmits impulses to the Heart, Smooth Muscle and Viscera of Thorax and Abdomen
81
Olfactory Area is located where?
Temporal lobes
82
Middle layer of the eye contains the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Vascular Tunic
83
The 3 Meninges are?
1. Dura Mater 2. Arachnoid Mater 3. Pia Mater
84
True or False: If the sensory area of the Cerebrum is destroyed, the person can still be conscious of pain, temperature, crude touch and pressure?
True
85
First Ventricle (in the left cerebral hemisphere) Second Ventricle (in the right cerebral hemisphere) These are the largest Ventricles is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Lateral Ventricles
86
Inner layer of the eye contains the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Nervous Tunic
87
(V)
Trigeminal Mixed Sensory: Skin of Face, surface of the Eyes, Tear Glands, Skin of the Upper and Lower Jaws, Gums and Lips Motor: Muscles of Mastication and to muscles of the floor of the Mouth
88
Ability to ignore unimportant (or continuous) stimuli is called?
Sensory Adaptation
89
(VIII)
Vestibulocochlear - Two Branches Sensory: (1) Vestibular: Sense of Equilibrium (2) Cochlear: Sense of Hearing (Auditory)
90
(I)
Olfactory Sensory (only): Sense of Smell
91
Functions include reasoning, interpretation of sensory impulses, control of voluntary muscles, storage of memory, and retrieving those memories. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_-
Cerebrum
92
Very deep Grooves are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Fissures
93
Antibacterial component of tears is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Lysozyme
94
Provides perception of distance, depth, height and width of objects Results from formation of two slightly different retinal images from eyes This is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Stereoscopic Vision
95
Sensory Area that interprets sensations on skin Involves temperature, touch, pressure, and pain is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Cutaneous Sensory Area
96
Which area involves Interpretation of the sensation Helps you evaluate what is felt in relationship to size, texture and relationship to parts
Association Areas
97
Olfactory Nerve Pathway in order is?
Olfactory Nerves Olfactory Bulbs Olfactory Tracts Limbic System (Emotions) and Olfactory Cortex (Interpretation)
98
Yellow spot of the retina is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Macula Lutea
99
Five Parts of a Reflex Arc in order:
1. Receptor 2. Sensory Neuron 3. Interneuron 4. Motor Neuron 5. Effector
100
What covers the Choroid Plexuses?
Ependymal Cells
101
Which sensation is stimulated by many organic compounds Location: Back of the tongue
Bitter
102
What controls General Wakefulness or Alertness of the Brain?
Reticular Formation
103
Taste is also known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Gustation
104
(IV)
Trochlear Primarily Motor Eye Movements
105
Function as centers for Non-vital Reflexes such as those associated with: Sneezing Swallowing Coughing Vomiting
Medulla Oblongata
106
Basal Ganglia produces the neurotransmitter \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Dopamine
107
What functions to coordinate skeletal muscle activity as well as maintain equilibrium and balance ?
Cerebellum
108
A change in the shape of the lens, to view close objects is called?
Accommodation
109
Most memory occurs in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Cerebral Cortex
110
Masses of specialized Capillaries from the Pia Mater that secrete Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) is?
Choroid Plexuses
111
The cerebral hemispheres are connected by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Corpus Callosum
112
Which division most active under ordinary conditions Normal, everyday, non-stressful conditions?
Parasympathetic Division “Resting and Digesting System”
113
What produces the sharpest vision \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Fovea Centralis
114
What holds lens and moves lens for Focusing
Ciliary Body
115
Sensory Receptor that respond to mechanical forces that distort receptor (touch, tension, blood pressure, stretch)
Mechanoreceptors
116
An area of the Skin innervated by the Sensory nerve fibers of a Single Spinal Nerve. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Dermatome
117
What conducts Sensory Impulses to the Brain
Ascending Tracts
118
Lumbosacral Plexuses is located between \_\_\_\_\_?
T12-S5
119
Function: Central Relay Station for Sensory Impulses, ascending from other parts of the Nervous System to the Cerebral Cortex Selective gateway for Sensory Impulses Receives all sensory impulses except for those associated with the sense of Smell. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Thalamus
120
Senses position of the head when body is not moving is callled?
Static Equilibrium
121
Action of a reflex in order is?
1. Receptor 2. CNS 3. Effector
122
Anterior portion Pigmented Controls light intensity
Iris
123
(XII)
Hypoglossal Motor Muscles of the Tongue for speaking, chewing and swallowing Protrusion of the Tongue
124
Which sensation stimulated by salts Location: Widely distributed on the tongue
Salty
125
Functions to regulate the Composition of CSF also capable of removing wastes from the CSF is?
Ependymal Cells
126
What contains both Sensory and Motor Nerve Fibers
Mixed Nerves
127
Which area involves Gross touch, pain information such as the location?
Primary Areas
128
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ will activate Pain receptors!
Spicy Foods
129
Process in which the brain projects the sensation back to the apparent source It allows a person to pinpoint the region of Stimulation This is called?
Projection
130
Receptors that are widely distributed throughout the body Location: Skin, various organs and joints \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
General Senses
131
A feeling that occurs when brain becomes aware of sensory impulse. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Sensation
132
Which taste sensation is stimulated by acids Location: Margins of the tongue
Sour
133
Space that lies between the Bone and the Dura Mater is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Epidural Space
134
What conducts Motor Impulses away from the Brain to Motor Neurons that reach Effectors?
Descending Tracts
135
Hypothalamus regulates what?
Body Temperature Heart Rate/Blood Pressure Water and Electrolyte Balance Control of Hunger and Body Weight
136
All Spinal Nerves except ___ participate in Dermatomes.
C1
137
The __________ interprets Many Types of Sensory Information such as Pain, Touch, and Temperature.
Thalamus
138
Transparent, biconvex, lies behind iris, elastic, held in place by suspensory ligaments of ciliary body; helps focus light rays, and changes shape for long-distance or close vision is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Lens
139
What conduct impulses to the Brain and Spinal Cord?
Sensory Nerves
140
Which part of the ear is lined with Ceruminous Glands that produce a waxy substance?
External Acoustic Meatus (External Auditory Canal)
141
Process of how Short-term Memory is converted to Long-term Memory is called?
Memory Consolidation
142
Membranous Labyrinth is filled with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Endolymph
143
What stimulates the muscles of the arm and forearm to contract?
Brachial Plexus
144
Largest part of the mature Brain Consists of two Cerebral Hemispheres is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Cerebrum
145
Swelling of the Membranous Labyrinth in each of the Semicircular Canals and it communicates with the Vestibule
Ampulla
146
Reflexes whose Arcs pass through the Spinal Cord are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Spinal Reflexes
147
What collects sounds waves?
Auricle/Pinna
148
How many pairs of sacral nerves are there?
5
149
Collects from lacrimal sac Empties tears into nasal cavity
Nasolacrimal duct
150
Sensory speech area is other known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Wernicke’s Area
151
Sensory Receptor that responds to moderate changes in temperature
Thermoreceptors
152
What separates the Frontal Lobe from the Temporal Lobe?
Lateral Sulcus
153
What conducts impulses to Muscles and Glands?
Motor Nerves
154
Provide vision in bright light Produce color vision
Cones
155
Adult spinal cord ends at the level between the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
1st and 2nd Lumbar Veterbra
156
How many pairs of cervical nerves are there?
8
157
Treelike pattern of white matter noted in a cross section of the Cerebellum is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Arbor Vitae
158
Serves as a conduction path for impulses. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Pons
159
(VI)
Abducens Primarily Motor Eye Movements
160
Sensory areas are located where in the brain?
Parietal Lobes
161
The narrow space beneath the Corpus Callosum?
Third Ventricle
162
Spinal Nerve exits through the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Intervertebral Foramen
163
Most nerves are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Mixed
164
Which part of the ear vibrates in response to Sound Waves?
Tympanic Membrane
165
Space that contains blood vessels, loose CT and a protective padding of Adipose Tissue is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Epidural Space
166
Inferiorly the Spinal Cord Terminates in a tapering cone-shaped structure called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Conus Medullaris
167
Functions to enables us to perceive, communicate, remember, understand, appreciate and initiate voluntary movements. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Cerebral Cortex
168
Neurotransmitters of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) include?
Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine
169
Consists of Cranial and Spinal Nerve Fibers that connect the CNS to Skin and Skeletal Muscles. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Somatic Nervous/ Voluntary Control
170
An example of a Polysynaptic Reflex is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? What does it employ?
Withdrawal Reflexes Involves more than one Spinal Cord segment
