Test 4

Question 1

The oldest form of contrast that ionizes in a solution and has an increased risk of reaction.

Answer 1

HOCM

Question 2

Nonionic form of contrast that dissolves in water, but does not dissociate.

Answer 2

LOCM

Question 3

Amount of time contrast should be excreted from the body.

Answer 3

2 hours

Question 4

Name 2 severe s/s of an allergic reaction to iodinated contrast.

Answer 4

Laryngeal edema, hypotension, shock, unresponsiveness, convulsions, cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, arrhythmia.

Question 5

A severe hypersensitivity reaction seen with bee stings, latex, and food allergies.

Answer 5

anaphylactic shock

Question 6

A severe hypersensitivity, that may occur after a single exposure, usually to iodinated contrast media.

Answer 6

anaphylactoid shock

Question 7

Name two drugs that should be available to patients experiencing an anaphlactoid reaction.

Answer 7

Albuterol, Atropine, Benadryl, Epinephrine, Diazepam, Nitroglycerin

Question 8

The normal limits of an adult BUN.

Answer 8

6-20 mg/dL

Question 9

Normal limits of an adult creatinine.

Answer 9

0.6-1.3 mg/dL

Question 10

Inflammation from contrast extravasation reaches its peak within how many hours?

Answer 10

24-48

Question 11

Ductless endocrine glands that secrete epinephrine and cortical hormones.

Answer 11

Suprarenal or adrenal glands

Question 12

Bean shaped organ divided into upper and lower poles.

Answer 12

kidney

Question 13

This kidney is slightly longer and narrower than the other.

Answer 13

left

Question 14

This kidney is slightly lower than the other

Answer 14

right

Question 15

Outer covering of the kidneys, continuous with the outer coat of the ureter

Answer 15

renal capsule

Question 16

Located on the medial border of the kidneys to allow the transmission of the blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and the ureter.

Answer 16

hilum

Question 17

Outer portion of the kidney

Answer 17

renal cortex

Question 18

Inner portion of the kidney, containing 8-15 renal pyramids

Answer 18

renal medulla

Question 19

Functioning cell of the kidneys

Answer 19

nephron

Question 20

Formed by a minute branch of the renal artery that divides into capillaries and reunites

Answer 20

glomerulus

Question 21

Vessel entering the Bowman’s Capsule

Answer 21

afferent arteriole

Question 22

Vessel leaving the Glomerular Capsule

Answer 22

efferent arteriole

Question 23

Portions of the renal tubule.

Answer 23

Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, & distal convoluted tubule

Question 24

Functions of the kidneys.

Answer 24

Filter blood, maintain electrolyte balance, & produce renin (regulates BP)

Question 25

Cup shaped stems that enclose one or more renal papilla

Answer 25

calyces

Question 26

Located between the minor calyces and the renal pelvis

Answer 26

major calyces

Question 27

Renal pelvis transitions to ureter at this location.

Answer 27

Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ)

Question 28

Conveys urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Answer 28

ureter

Question 29

Reservoir for urine

Answer 29

bladder

Question 30

Triangular area of the bladder base between openings of the UVJ and urethra

Answer 30

trigone

Question 31

Folds of the bladder

Answer 31

rugae

Question 32

Typical bladder capacity, when full

Answer 32

500 mL

Question 33

Conveys urine from bladder to outside of body

Answer 33

urethra

Question 34

Small glandular body surrounding proximal portion of male urethra

Answer 34

prostate

Question 35

Increased blood pressure to the kidneys

Answer 35

renal HTN

Question 36

Backward flow of urine from bladder into ureters

Answer 36

Vesicoureteral reflux

Question 37

Kidneys that does not ascend into the abdomen

Answer 37

pelvic kidney

Question 38

Presence of one kidney as a result of renal agenesis, dysplasia, or removal

Answer 38

solitary kidney

Question 39

“U” shaped kidney

Answer 39

horseshoe kidney

Question 40

Dilation of terminal ureter within the bladder

Answer 40

uterocele

Question 41

Bladder infection

Answer 41

cystitis

Question 42

Calculus filling the entire renal pelvis

Answer 42

staghorn calculous

Question 43

Urine trapped inside the kidney

Answer 43

hydronephrosis

Question 44

Numerous enlarged cysts on the kidneys

Answer 44

polycystic kidney disease

Question 45

Childhood renal cancer

Answer 45

Wilm's tumor

Question 46

Contrast entering in the normal direction of blood flow

Answer 46

antegrade

Question 47

Puncture directly into the renal pelvis for contrast administration

Answer 47

percutaneous antegrade urography

Question 48

Filling of the urinary tract against the normal flow

Answer 48

retrograde

Question 49

Investigation of the renal pelvis and calyces

Answer 49

pyelography

Question 50

Sometimes used to slow the flow of contrast enhanced urine into the bladder in order to demonstrate renal pelvis filling

Answer 50

ureteral compression

Question 51

Ideal centering placement for ureteral compression

Answer 51

ASIS

Question 52

Respiration phase for examinations of the urinary tract

Answer 52

end of expiration

Question 53

Exam that demonstrates structures and function of kidneys as contrast follows excretion route and contrast is filtered from blood

Answer 53

intravenous (excretory) urography

Question 54

Name 3 possible contraindications for performing an IVU.

Answer 54

Asthma, previous contrast reaction, circulatory or CV disease, elevated creatinine, sickle cell anemia, diabetes, multiple myeloma

Question 55

A postvoid IVU image is taken for what two reasons?

Answer 55

Look for small tumors and, in males, an enlarged prostate

Question 56

The kidneys demonstrate the greatest amount of contrast concentration in this time frame.

Answer 56

15-20 minutes

Question 57

This is the “blush” stage of contrast in the kidney

Answer 57

nephrogram

Question 58

Size of IR for AP projection of the urinary system.

Answer 58

14X17

Question 59

Reason to image AP urinary system upright.

Answer 59

Demonstrate opacified bladder and kidney mobility

Question 60

The CR should be centered here for an AP Urinary System

Answer 60

iliac crests

Question 61

The image should be marked with this, in addition to the personalized R/L marker when completing an IVU.

Answer 61

time marker

Question 62

Amount of angulation of MCP to IR for AP oblique of urinary system.

Answer 62

30 degrees

Question 63

The right kidney is in this position when a patient is place LPO for an AP projection of the urinary system.

Answer 63

parallel

Question 64

The right kidney is in this position when a patient is placed RPO for an AP projection of the urinary system.

Answer 64

perpendicular

Question 65

This plane should be centered to the midline of the grid for a lateral projection of the urinary system.

Answer 65

midcoronal plane

Question 66

This projection shows the urinary system, illustrating conditions such as rotation or pressure displacement of a kidney and localizes tumors or masses.

Answer 66

lateral

Question 67

Most exams of these organs are done retrograde.

Answer 67

Bladder, lower ureters, urethra, & prostate

Question 68

The IR must be centered here for an AP Axial Bladder Voiding study.

Answer 68

level of the symphysis

Question 69

The degree and angulation needed for an AP Axial Bladder.

Answer 69

10-15 caudad

Question 70

The degree and angulation needed for a PA Axial Bladder.

Answer 70

10-15 cephalic

Question 71

Where the central ray should enter on a PA Axial Bladder.

Answer 71

1" distal to the coccyx

Question 72

Amount of angulation required for an AP oblique bladder.

Answer 72

40-60 degrees

Question 73

This can be done on AP oblique bladder images when the neck of the bladder and the proximal urethra is of primary interest.

Answer 73

10 degrees caudal angulation to project pubic bones below

Question 74

This projection will demonstrate the anterior and posterior walls of the bladder.

Answer 74

lateral