Test 4- Endocrine and Derm Flashcards
(160 cards)
1
Q
annular lesion
A
ring shaped
2
Q
arcuate lesion
A
partial rings
3
Q
confluent
A
lesions run together
4
Q
described as generalized grouped lesions
A
herpes simplex
5
Q
keratotic lesion
A
psoriasis
6
Q
centripetal
A
rash moving to the center
7
Q
centrifugal
A
rash moving away from the center
8
Q
caudal
A
rash moving down body
9
Q
discrete flat lesion (large macule); usually > 1.5 cm in diameter
A
patch
10
Q
discrete palpable elevation of skin;
A
papule
11
Q
Discrete palpable elevation of skin; may evolve from papule
A
nodule
12
Q
slightly raised lesion, typically with flat surface; > 1 cm in diameter; scaling frequently present.
A
plaque
13
Q
transient pink/red swelling of the skin; often displaying central clearing; usually pruritic and lasts
A
wheal
14
Q
large papule or nodule; usually > 1 cm in diameter
A
tumor
15
Q
vesicle > 0.5 cm diameter
A
bulla
16
Q
semi-solid lesion; varies in size from several mm to several cm; may become infected
A
cyst
17
Q
dried exudate that may have been serous, purulent, or hemorrhagic
A
crust
18
Q
thin plates of desquamated straum corenum punctate; results from scratching
A
scale
19
Q
shallow hemorrhagic excavation; linear or punctuate; results from scratching
A
excoriation
20
Q
thickening of skin with exaggeration of skin creases
A
lichenification
21
Q
hallmark of chronic eczematous dermatitis
A
lichenification
22
Q
partial break in epidermis
A
erosion
23
Q
linear crack in epidermis
A
fissure
24
Q
Childhood disease characterized by sore throat, fever, and a “sandpaper” rash.
A
scarlet fever
25
scarlet fever is caused by
group a beta-hemolytic strep pyogenes
26
risk factors for scarlet fever
wound, burns
27
petechiae on palate, white coating on tongue which sheds by day 2 or 3 and leaves a “strawberry” tongue with shiny red papillae
scarlet fever
28
spread of rash in scarlet fever
sandpaper rash that begins on chest then spreads to abd and extremities
29
Pastia lines present in
scarlet fever
30
important to start atbx with scarlet fever to
prevent rheumatic fever
31
diagnostic for scarlet fever
throat cx, rapid strep test
32
rubella is caused by
rubivirus
33
rubella is most contagious when
rash is erupting
34
s/s of rubella
conjunctivitis, fever, occipital lymph node swelling
35
description of rubella rash
maculopapular that begins on face and spreads to chest.
36
s/s of rubella in adults
arthralgia and arthritis
37
diagnostic for rubella
viral cx, rubella antibodies
38
trx for rubella
immunization. don't immunize during pregnancy
39
cause of fifth's disease
parovirus B19
40
fifth's disease stops being communicable when
rash erupts
41
description of fifth's disease rash
begins on cheeks "slapped cheek", then spreads to body and extremities
42
final phase of fifth's disease rash
may be more itchy.
43
when children with fifth's disease can return back to school
during rash phase when afebrile for 24 hours.
44
when children with fifth's disease can return back to school
during rash phase when afebrile for 24 hours.
45
superficial infection of the skin which begins as small superficial vesicles which rupture and form honey-colored crusts.
impetigo
46
cause of impetigo
staph aureus
47
trx for impetigo
washing lesions, good hygiene.
48
Chronic, pruritic skin eruption with acute exacerbations.
eczema (atopic dermatitis)
49
Commonly seen in patients with other atopic illness (asthma, allergic rhinitis).
eczema (atopic dermatitis)
50
eczema is more common in
asians and blacks
51
Dennie-Morgan folds present in
eczema
52
description of eczema rash
red/dry skin at flexural surfaces, hands and feet.
53
80% of these patients have eosinophilia
eczema
54
trx for eczema
emollients, don't use hot water
55
hIghly contagious viral illness with lesions that appear on buccal mucosa, palate, palms of hands, soles of feet, and buttocks
hand, foot, and mouth disease
56
hand foot and mouth disease caused by
coxsackie A16
57
small, red papules on tongue and buccal mucosa that can progress to ulcerative vesicles
hand foot and mouth disease
58
varicella virus establishes latency in the
dorsal root ganglia.
59
patients with varicella are infectious to others...
for 2 days before the appearance of the rash and until the lesions have crusted
60
description of varciella rash
begins on trunk then spreads peripherally, become vesicles, then scab in 6-10 hours.
61
do not give this in patients with varicella
ASA
62
herpes zoster involves the skin of
a single dermatome
63
acute phase of herpes zoster
unilateral rash that progresses to vesicles and then pustules.
64
pain for more than 1 month after herpes zoster
posthereptic neuralgia
65
contagiousness of shingles
shingles cannot be transmitted but varicella virus can.
66
cause of scabies
sarcoptes scabei
67
incubation period for scabies
3-6 weeks
68
description of scabies
mite burrows in b/t fingers, feet, wrists, axilla, penis. can cause scaling, vesicles, and papules.
69
when itching is worse at nighttime
scabies
70
may look like a short (5-15 mm) linear or curved gray line and may end in a tiny vesicle.
scabies
71
cause of pityriasis rosea
unknown, possible viral etiology
72
pityriasis rosea most common in
those 10-35
73
distribution of pityriasis rosea
herald patch on trunk, then generalized rash 1-2 weeks after
74
description of rash in pityriasis rosea
salmon colored oval plaques with mild itching
75
syphilis serology done with
pityriasis rosea
76
acne is caused by increased
androgen production and keratin production
77
inflammatory response in acne is caused by
Prop. acnes.
78
preteens and adolescence; whiteheads; not infected with P. acnes.
comedonal acne
79
adolescence; nodules, cysts, moderate to severe inflammation; usually infected with P. acnes.
nodulocystic acne
80
adolescence and early 20s; pustules, papules, mild inflammation; usually infected with P. acnes
inflammatory acne
81
acne often worsens during
first 2 weeks of trx
82
Chronic, pruritic, inflammatory skin disorder characterized by rapid proliferation of epidermal cells. cause is unknown
psoriasis
83
risk factors for psoriasis
family hx, strep infection, stress, DM
84
description of psoriasis
silvery, white scales on elbows, knees, and scalps that itch
85
+ Auspitz sign (pinpoint bleeding when lesions are scraped)
psoriasis
86
ESR and CRP elevated with
psoriasis
87
trx for psoriasis
warm soaks, oatmeal bath, emollients, sunscreen
88
drugs that can stimulate psoriasis
ACEI, beta blockers, NSAIDs, PCN, salicylates
89
Common, benign, whitish-yellow to brown raised papules or plaques that feel slightly greasy and velvety or warty and have a “stuck on” appearance.
seborrheic keratosis
90
seborrheic keratosis in young black women
appear on cheeks and temples
91
considered precursors of squamous cell carcinoma.
actinic keratosis
92
risk factors for actinic keratosis
sun exposure, fair skin, men
93
actinic keratosis description
raised, scaly, crusty lesions that appear on sun exposed areas of skin
94
basal cell carcinoma common in
male 40-50 year olds
95
common appearance is pearly transluscent nodule with overlying telangiectatic vessels
basal cell carcinoma
96
Usually occur in fair-skinned adults > 60 years.
squamous cell carcinoma
97
crusted hyperkeratotic lesions with a rough surface or flat reddish patches with an inflamed or ulcerated appearance
squamous cell carcinoma
98
common location of squamous cell carcinoma in smokers
lower lip
99
metastasis is rare with
basal cell caricnoma
100
ABCDE with melanoma
Asymmetry, Border irregular, Color variation, Diameter > 6 mm, Elevation above skin
101
common area of melanoma in whites
anterior lower leg and back
102
common area of melanoma in blacks
nails, hands, and feet
103
causes of cellulitis
Group A strep, staph aureus, MRSA, H influenza
104
risk factors for cellulitis
trauma, untreated furunculosis, burns, DM
105
diagnostics for cellulitis
C&S, CBC shows leukocytosis, elevated ESR
106
imaging studies done for cellulitis to r/o
osteomyelitis
107
trx for cellulitis
elevate extremity, moist heat, avoid swimming
108
an inflammatory condition of skin folds, induced or aggravated by heat, moisture, maceration, friction, and lack of air circulation.
intertrigo
109
trx for diaper rash
avoid using baby powder, leave OTA
110
cause of tinea (ringworm)
Trichophyton sp.
111
tinea capitis caused by
daycares
112
tinea corporis
rash and itching with plaque on trunk
113
tinea cruris caused by
excessive sweating and wet clothing.
114
description of tinea cruris
half-moon plaques in the groin and/or upper thighs
115
elderly most susceptible for this kind of fungal rash
tinea pedis
116
risk factors for tinea versicolor
hot, humid climates, systemic corticosteroids
117
slightly scaly macules on the trunk, neck, and upper arms (short-sleeved shirt distribution).
tinea versicolor
118
in wood's lamp exam, tinea will
fluoresce
119
risk factors for thyroid nodule
iodine deficiency, exposure to radiation, family hx.
120
nodules are usually
asymptomatic
121
signs of malignant thyroid nodule
firm, fixed, nontender, large nodule with no symptoms of thyroid dysfunction. cervical lymphadenopathy.
122
TSH and free thyroxine index in thyroid nodules
normal
123
best method to determine malignancy if TSH is normal or increased
fine needle biopsy
124
an enlarged thyroid gland with two or more nodules suggest a
metabolic cause
125
hypothyroidism from autoimmune destruction
Hashimoto's
126
s/s of hypothyroidism
lethargy, delayed DTRs, weight gain, edema, periorbital edema, cold intolerance, constipation, infertility, depression, muscle cramps, coarse dry skin
127
reduced systolic and increased diastolic BP seen with
hypothyroidism
128
lipid levels are elevated with
hypothyroidism
129
diagnostic of hypothyroidism
high TSH and low T4
130
common cause of hyperthyroidism
Grave's
131
s/s of hyperthyroidism
weight loss, heat intolerance, palpitations, thyroid enlargement, afib, frequent BMs, moist and warm skin, thin and soft hair, rapid DTRs, exopthalamus.
132
diagnostic of hyperthyroidism
low TSH and high T4
133
s/s of thyroid storm
anxiety, fever, N/V, abd pain, cardiac failure
134
cause of type 1 diabetes
destruction of beta cells in pancreas
135
s/s of type 1 diabetes
3 Ps, weight loss, dehydration, confusion
136
cause of type 2 diabetes
insulin resistance, abnormal insulin secretion, decrease in insulin receptors
137
S/S of type 2 diabetes
3 Ps, proteinuria, obesity, blurred vision, balanitis, chronic vaginitis
138
C peptide levels will be normal in
type 1 diabetics
139
C peptide levels will be elevated in
type 2 diabetics
140
the 3/5 criteria must be met for metabolic syndrome
increase waist circumference, FPG > 100, low HDL, triglyceride > 150, BP > 130/85.
141
screening for diabetes in healthy person
start at age 45 every 3 years
142
screening for those with BMI > 25 must have these risk factors
family hx, ethnicity, HTN, HLD, PCOS, A1C > 5.7%, CV disease
143
diagnostic criteria for diabetes
A1C > 6.5%, FPG > 126 mg/dL on 2 occasions, 2 hour plasma glucose > 200 mg/dL, RBG > 200 mg/dL
144
discrete flat change in color of skin; usually
macule
145
example of a patch
pityriasis rosea
146
example of a papule
seborrheic keratosis
147
example of a nodule
basal cell carcinoma
148
raised lesion containing clear fluid
vesicle
149
raised lesion containing yellow cloudy fluid
pustule
150
KOH shows this with tinea versicolor
hyphae and spores in "spagetti and meatball" pattern
151
eye exam recommendation for those with type 1 diabetes
within 5 years of diagnosis and then annually
152
retina changes in those with diabetes
cotton wool patches, vitreous hemorrhage, proliferation of vessels
153
where is the thyroid located
behind and below the cricoid cartilage
154
ways to test for diabetic neuropathy
tuning fork, monofilaments
155
koplik spots seen in
rubeola
156
leukoplakia
hairy tongue seen in EBV
157
brown patches of pigmentation on face during pregnancy
melasma
158
lab to help r/i or r/o hashimoto's
antithyroid antibody
159
TSH is released from
anterior lobe of pituitary
160
thyroid feedback loop
hypothalamus releases TRH, anterior pituitary releases TSH, thyroid gland releases T3 and T4
