Test 4 Hazmat Terms Flashcards by Matthew Wittig

A substance or material, including a hazardous
substance, that has been determined by the
Secretary of Transportation to be capable of
posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety,
and property when transported in commerce,
and which has been so designated.

Per U.S. Department of Transportation

DOT

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Any chemical that must be reported to the
appropriate authorities, if released, above the
threshold reporting quantity.

The H.S. are listed and identified in Title III of the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
of 1986 (SARA)

This agency regulates HAZMAT

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

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• Any chemical that is a health hazard or a physical
hazard.
• Any chemical that would be a risk to employees if they
were exposed in the workplace
• Covers a broader group of chemicals other than
chemical terms

Occupational Health & Safety Administration

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Temperature at which a liquid changes to

a gaseous state

BOILING POINT (BP)

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Pressure explosion involving flammable liquids

and gases

BLEVE

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• Similar to a BLEVE but occurs with
nonflammable products.
• Will not have the characteristic fireball.

Violent Tank Rupture

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The amount of a product compared to the

amount of water present

CONCENTRATION

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• Indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in
materials being tested.
• Unit of measurement is the pH scale.
• pH scale runs 0 to 14
• 0 - 6 is an acid
• 8 – 14 is a base
• 7 is considered to be neutral

CORROSIVITY (PH)

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• Refers to gases
converted to liquids
for storage and
transportation.

• Substances at
temperatures below
-130o F. or lower.

CRYOGENIC

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Operation to keep hazardous materials in

as small an area as possible

CONFINEMENT

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Operations designed to keep

product in the container itself.

CONTAINMENT

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Substance that
speeds up a
chemical
reaction, but is
not consumed
by the reaction.

CATALYST

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minimum temperature
at and above which vapor of the substance
cannot be liquefied no matter how much
pressure is applied

Critical Temperature

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the pressure that must be
applied to bring a gas to its liquid state at is
critical temperature.

Critical pressure

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The amount of gas (vapor) produced by a given

volume of liquid at a given temperature.

EXPANSION RATIO

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A chemical
reaction that
absorbs heat.

ENDOTHERMIC

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A chemical
reaction that
evolves (releases)
heat

EXOTHERMIC

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• The percentage of flammable gas vapor in air.
• Consists of a lower limit (LEL) and upper
limit (UEL).

FLAMMABLE RANGE

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Materials which ignite on contact with each

other; often a fuel and an oxidizer

HYPERGOLIC MATERIALS

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The tendency of a substance to
undergo chemical reaction, either by
itself or with other materials, and to
release energy, i.e. organic peroxides

REACTIVITY

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Temperature at which a solid

becomes a liquid.

MELTING POINT

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The percentage of a material (by weight) that

will dissolve in water at ambient temperature

SOLUBILITY

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Liquids that dissolve into each other

Miscible

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Liquids that do not readily dissolve into

each other

Immiscible

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Agent added to a product to control a | chemical reaction or polymerization.

INHIBITOR

Capable of being ignited upon contact with air.

PYROPHORIC MATERIALS

``` Chemical process where single molecules known as monomers react with others of their kind to form long chains called polymers. • Produces high heat • Material will expand in volume ```

POLYMERIZATION

``` Is a mixture in which all ingredients are completely dissolved ```

SOLUTION

Is a pourable mixture of a solid and a liquid.

SLURRY

Process in which a substance passes directly from a solid state to the vapor state without becoming a liquid.

SUBLIMATION

The name by which a substance is known to the trade or the commercial market, usually not a chemical term

TRADE NAME

A measure of the thickness of a liquid; | determines how easily it will flow.

VISCOSITY

• Describes the ease with which a liquid or solid can pass into the vapor state. • The higher a liquid’s vapor pressure the more _________ it is.

VOLATILITY

Any destructive device, such as any explosive, incendiary, or poison gas bomb, grenade, rocket having a propellant charge of more than four ounces, missile having an explosive or incendiary charge of more than one quarter ounce (7 grams), mine or device similar to the above.

WEAPON OF MASS DESTRUCTION

A metal disc which is part of a safety device, and which is intended to burst and allow the gas to escape within predetermined pressure limits to prevent the rupture of the container.

FRANGIBLE DISC

``` A safety device which has a channel, filled with a suitable low melting alloy and is intended to yield at a predetermined temperature ```

FUSIBLE PLUG

A safety relief device containing an operating part that is held normally in position, closing a relief channel by spring force and is intended to open and close at predetermined pressure.

SAFETY RELIEF VALVE

corrosive

acids

caustic

bases

who governs hazardous materials?

OSHA, EPA, DOT, FDA, TRRC, TCEQ

Enacted by congress, signed by president

LAWS

Written by government agencies

regulations

chemical exposures routes of entry

inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, injection

appears in the first 30 days, lasts no longer than 4 weeks

acute stress disorder

lasts 30 days to 2 years after incident

PTSD

Developed by non-regulatory consensus committees (NFPA, ANSI); do NOT have weight of law but can be applied by regulating agency in court

Standard

Established to address abandoned hazardous | waste sites

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986

``` Also known as SARA, Title III  Purpose  encourage and support emergency planning efforts at the state and local levels  to provide the public and local governments with information concerning potential chemical hazards present in their communities ```

Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986

Write emergency plans to protect the public from chemical accidents  Establish procedures to warn and, if necessary, evacuate the public in case of an emergency  Provide citizens and local governments with information about hazardous chemicals and accidental releases of chemicals in their communities  Assist in the preparation of public reports on annual release of toxic chemicals into the air, water, and soil

State and Local Emergency | Planning Committees

```  Must include (at a minimum):  Elected state and local officials  Police, fire, civil defense, and public health professionals  Environment, transportation, and hospital officials  Facility representatives  Representatives from community groups and the media ```

Local Emergency | Planning Committee

``` One storing 10,000 lbs. of a reportable chemical One storing any EPA-listed Extremely Hazardous Substance ```

reporting facility

```  29 CFR 1910.120  Covers emergency response operations for releases of, or substantial threats of releases of, hazardous substances regardless of the location of the hazard (one of five groups) Haz-Mat Teams ```

HAZWOPER (Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response Standard)

```  Establishes levels of training for emergency responders  Awareness  Operations  Technician  On-Scene Incident Commander  Specialist  Establishes regulations for medical monitoring of employees ```

HAZWOPER

Standard for Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents, 2018 ed.

NFPA 472 or 1072

Standard for Competencies for EMS Personnel Responding to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents, 2018 ed.

NFPA 473 or 1073

``` • 29 CFR 1910.1200 • Now aligned with UN's Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals • Requires employers to provide SDS for all chemicals located at facility • SDS must be provided to emergency responders upon arrival at an incident ```

Hazard Communication Act | HazCom

 1st law to set groundwork for regulating fire service  Established prohibitions and requirements concerning closed and abandoned hazardous waste sites  Provided for liability of persons responsible for releases of hazardous waste at these sites  Established a trust fund to provide for cleanup when no responsible party could be identified  Also known as Superfund Act

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)

max level to which a worker can be exposed to for 30 minutes and escape without suffering irreversible effects

IDLH

exposure to living micro-organisms, that cause or may cause human disease. * Bloodborne pathogens and biological materials. * Viruses * Bacteria

Etiological

Particles that lose energy very rapidly, does not penetrate very far. Blocked by clothing and skin, no harm outside the body.

Alpha Radiation

Larger particles; cause harm to skin, blocked by layers of clothing or thin layer of aluminum. Minor damage outside the body.

Beta Radiation

High energy which passes through the body easily damaging all organs of the body. Several feet of concrete or several inches of lead needed for protection. Bunker gear offers no protection

Gamma

Greater the distance from the source the less radiation exposure received. As radius doubles, exposure decreases by a factor of 4.

Distance

Body exposed to large dose over a short time period. | • Last from seconds to 72 hours.

Acute

A continual or repeated exposure to a hazardous material. | • Exposure over many weeks to many years.

Chronic

``` • this cause irreversible tissue damage. • this can also damage the lungs when inhaled, or the mouth and gastrointestinal tract if swallowed. • Most are acids or bases • Turnout gear cannot protect you from effects of this • The effects of this depend on: • Concentration • Strength ```

CORROSIVES

A chemical that is not corrosive but that causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by chemical action at site of contact.

IRRITANTS

• _________ are chemicals that cause allergic reactions after repeated exposures. • Reactions vary depending on the individual and route of exposure • Inhalation may result in an asthma-like reaction in the short term. • Repeated exposure may result in permanent lung disease • Skin exposure may result in irritation, sometimes several hours after exposure.

SENSITIZERS

• Agents that cause or suspected to cause cancer. • Little is known about the effect of exposure to multiple carcinogens as might occur during a fire. • Examples: benzene, asbestos, vinyl chloride

CARCINOGENS

* Primary toxic effect to the nervous system * May cause either temporary or permanent damage. * May effect one or both of the following: * Central nervous system - brain and the spinal cord * Peripheral nervous system - nerves controlling the extremities. * Transportation incidents involves solvents such as fuel. * Solvent exposure can cause central nervous system effects that can be short-termed or permanent. * Effects include: * Dizziness * Impaired judgment and reflex time

NEUROTOXINS

* This may include: * Viruses: * HIV, Hepatitis A, B, or C. * Avoid exposure to blood and other body fluids * Vaccinations for hepatitis B is available. * Bacteria such as tuberculosis and strep throat * Bacteria can live outside of the body * Tuberculosis is becoming increasingly common.

INFECTIOUS AGENTS

- Chemicals that affect the reproductive capabilities and cause birth defects. • Can have adverse effects on a pregnancy even if the exposure occurred long before the pregnancy occurred. • Teratogenisis - Cause defect to fetuses but would not be passed on generation to generation. • Mutagens - Cause Chromosome Damage • May not cause harm to people who received the exposure but can cause birth defects later which can be passed generation after generation

Reproductive Toxins

• Exposures may also affect the liver, urinary system and reproductive system. • Solvents and hepatitis viruses cause liver inflammation and loss of function • Reproductive systems of both males and females can be affected by various solvents, pesticides and heavy metals. • Kidney can be affected by heavy metals, solvents, and the herbicide paraquat.

Nephrotoxins

every good fire fighter owes professional rodeo cowboys money

``` CLASS 1. Explosion CLASS 2. Gases CLASS 3. Flammable Liquid CLASS 4. Flammable Solid CLASS 5. Oxidizer CLASS 6. Poison (Toxic) CLASS 7. Radioactive CLASS 8. Corrosive CLASS 9. Misc ```

Test 4 Hazmat Terms Flashcards

(74 cards)