Test 4: Trematodes (Flukes) Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
What parasite has an incomplete digestive tract containing a mouth, pharynx, and esophagus, and blind-sac intestines (ceca)?
A
Trematoda
2
Q
What is the largest subclass of Trematoda, which are found in every major organ, includes all trematodes that parasitize man?
A
Digenea
3
Q
Describe the general body shape of the Class Trematoda: Flukes.
A
- Flattened dorso-ventrally
- Leaf-shaped
- Monozoic (one body part)
4
Q
How many Suckers and describe them, do Class Trematoda: Flukes have?
A
Two
- Oral Sucker: Mouth
- Ventral Sucker: Acetabulum (Hold-fast organ)
5
Q
What is the common name of paragonimus westermani?
A
Lung Fluke
6
Q
What is the pathogenesis of the Lung Fluke (Paragonimus Westermani)?
A
- Tuberculosis-like symptoms
- Lung damage: Fibrosis
- Migratory tissue damage
- Extra Pulmonary Abscesses
7
Q
What is the treatment for the Lung Fluke?
A
Praziquantel
Bithionol
8
Q
The Lung fluke has a geographical distribution where?
A
Asia
S. America
Africa
India
9
Q
What is the mode of infection for the lung fluke?
A
Ingestion
10
Q
What is the habitat for the lung fluke (Paragonimus Westermani)?
A
Lung
11
Q
What are the intermediate host for the Lung Fluke?
A
1st: Snail
2nd: Crab or Crayfish
12
Q
What is the reservoir host for the Lung Fluke?
A
Piscivores (Fish-eating animals)
13
Q
In the life cycle of the Lung Fluke what is the infective form?
A
Metacercaria: Ingested in inadequately cooked or pickled crustaceans
14
Q
In the laboratory identification of the Lung Fluke what is the specimen of choice?
A
Sputum (also feces)
- Sputum exam
- Formalin-ethyl acetate (FEA)
15
Q
What other tests may be used to diagnosis the lung fluke?
A
- X-ray
- Biopsies
- Immunodiagnostic test: ELISA, immunoblot, monoclonal Ab
16
Q
What is the shape and color of the Ova of a Lung Fluke?
A
Shape: Oval
Color: Golden Brown
17
Q
The Ova of the Lung Fluke has what at the broad end, w/what kind of thickening, and what kind of content?
A
- Oerculum
- Content: Yolk mass, variable size granules in yolk
- Abopercular thickening
18
Q
What is an Adult Lung Fluke identified?
A
- Shape: Oval Body
- Color: Reddish-brown
- Intestinal Ceca: Undulating
- Testes: Deeply lobate and para
19
Q
What is the common name of Fasciola hepatica?
A
Sheep Liver Fluke
20
Q
What is the pathogenesis of Fasciola Hepatica (Sheep Liver Fluke)?
A
- Mechanical destruction of liver tissue
- Fibrosis
21
Q
What is the treatment of the Sheep Liver Fluke (Fasciola Hepatica)?
A
Bithionol
Dehydroemetine
22
Q
Where is Fasciola Hepatica (Sheep Liver Fluke) found?
A
Worldwide; Sheep raising countries
23
Q
What is the diagnostic stage in the life cycle of the sheep liver fluke?
A
Unembroynated eggs passed in feces
24
Q
What is the infective stage of the life cycle of the sheep liver fluke (fasciola hepatica)?
A
Metacercariae: on water plant ingested by human, sheep, cattle
25
What is the habitat of the Sheep Liver Fluke (Fasciola hepatica)?
Bile passages of the liver
26
What are the intermediates hosts of the sheep liver fluke?
1st: Snail
2nd: Fresh water vegetation
27
The reservoir hosts for the Sheep Liver Fluke are?
Herbivores
| Carnivores
28
What is the infective form of the Sheep Liver Fluke (Fasciola Hepatica)?
Metacercaria
29
What is the mode of infection of Fasciola Hepatica?
Ingestion
30
What is the specimen of choice for laboratory identification?
Feces (Formalin-ethyl acetate (FEA))
31
The Fasciola hepatica Ova has what shape and color?
Hen's egg; oval
| Light yellowish brown
32
The sheep liver fluke Ova Content has what appearance and this is present but indistinct?
Yolk mass; fills the egg
| Operculum-present but indistinct
33
The adult form of the Sheep Lung Fluke has what shape, color, and intestinal ceca?
- Shape: Leaf-like, prominent cephalic cone
- Color: Brownish
- Intestinal ceca: Branched
34
What is the common name of Fasciolopsis buski?
Giant Intestinal Fluke
35
What is the pathogenesis of the Giant Intestinal Fluke (Fasciolopsis buski)?
- Intestinal upset/obstruction
- Toxemia
- Inflammation
36
Treatment for Giant Intestinal Fluke (Fasciolopsis buski) infection?
Praziquantel
| Niclosamide
37
What is the geographical distribution for the Giant Intestinal Fluke?
Southeast Asia
| India
38
What is the habitat of the Giant Intestinal Fluke (Fasciolopsis buski)?
Small intestines
39
Name the intermediate host of Fasciolopsis buski (Giant Intestinal Fluke)?
1st: Snail
2nd: Aquatic vegetation
40
What are the reservoir host of the Giant Intestinal Fluke (Fasciolopsis buski)?
Pigs, dogs, and rabbits
41
What is the infective form and mode of infection of the Giant Intestinal Fluke?
Metacercaria via ingestion
42
What is the specimen of choice for laboratory identification of the Giant intestinal fluke?
Feces (FEA)
43
The Fasciolopsis buski (Giant Intestinal Fluke) Ova content appears as what?
Yolk mass w/uniformly distributed granules
44
Lab Id of the adult form of the Giant Intestinal Fluke (Fasicolopsis buski), size, shape, color, intestinal ceca, and testes?
- Size: 25-45mm long by 8-12mm wide
- Shape: leaf-like, no cephalic cone
- Color: flesh-colored
- Intestinal ceca: Undulating
- Testes: Dendritic and tandem
45
What is the common name for Clonorchis sinensis?
Chinese Liver Fluke
46
What is the pathogenesis of the Chinese Liver Fluke (Clonorchis sinensis)?
- Cirrhosis: bile ducts swelling
- Blockage: Bile passages
- Multiple infections: up to 21,000 adults per host
47
What is the treatment for infection w/ Chinese Liver Fluke (Clonorchis sinensis)?
Praziquantel
Chloroquine
Bithionol
48
The Chinese Liver Fluke is found where?
Asia
49
What is the diagnostic stage in the life cycle of Clonorchiasis (Clonorchis sinensis, Chinese Liver Fluke)?
Embryonated eggs passed in feces
50
What is the habitat for the Chinese Liver Fluke (Clonorchis sinensis)?
Bile Passages of Liver
51
What are the intermediate host of the Chinese Liver Fluke (Clonorchis Sinensis)?
1st: Snail
2nd: Fish
52
What is the reservoir host of the Chinese Liver Fluke (Clonorchis Sinensis)?
Piscivores
53
What is the infective form and the mode of infection for the Chinese Liver Fluke (Clonorchis Sinensis)?
Metacercaria via Ingestion
54
What is the specimen of choice for lab id of the Chinese Liver Fluke (Clonorchis Sinensis)?
Feces (FEA)
55
What is significant of the OVA shape for lab id of the Chinese Liver Fluke (Clonorchis Sinensis)?
- Shape: Vase-like
- Color: Yellowish brown
- Operculum: Present, Pronounced
- Content: Asymmetrical miracidium, "BOXER's GLOVE" appearance
- Abopercular comma: May be seen
- Broad opercular shoulders
56
For lab id of the adult form what is the size, shape, color, intestinal ceca, and testes characteristics of the Chinese Liver Fluke (Clonorchis Sinensis)?
- Size: 10-20mm long by 2-5mm wide
- Shape: Oval, Elongated
- Color: Cream, pinkish tint
- Intestinal ceca: Straight
- Testes: Dendritic and tandem
57
The Scistosoma spp. is also known as what?
Blood Flukes
58
Schistosomiasis is also known as what?
Bilharzia (bilharziasis) or
| Snail Fever
59
What factors affect the pathogenesis (varies w/spp.)?
- Number of ova produced
- Reinfection
- Nutritional state of host
60
What occurs with the Cercarial penetration of the schistosoma spp.?
- Localized cutaneous lesions
- Allergenic reactions
- Toxic Reactions: Eosinophilia
- Abd edema and ascites
- Intestinal ulceration and necrosis
61
What is the treatment for Schistosoma spp. infections?
Praziquantel
| Oxamniquine
62
For a Schistoma haematobium infection what is the drug of choice?
Metrifonate
63
For Lab id what is the Specimen of Choice for S. Japonicum, S. Mansoni, S. haematobium?
```
S. japonicum: feces
S. mansoni: feces
S. haematobium: Urine
FEA for feces
Micro for urine
```
64
What other Laboratory tests may be used to id Schistoma infections?
- Intradermal test
- Ova hatching test
- Indirect hemagglutination
- Indirect fluorescent Ab
- Rectal biopsy
- ELISA tests
65
In the lab id of the ova of Schistosoma what is the chief characteristic?
- Chief characteristic: Spin location/size
| - No operculum
66
The lab id of an adult male form shape of schistosoma is characterized by what?
- Flattened and rolled forms a gynecophoral groove
| - Resembles: taco shell
67
The lab id of an adult female form shape of schistosoma is characterized by what?
- Slender and cylindrical
| - fits in the groove of the male
68
The lab id of an adult form schistosoma is characterized by what color, testes, rejoined ceca?
- Color: tan to gray
- Testes: # characteristics
- Rejoined ceca: length of reunited stem varies w/spp.
69
What is the common name of Schistosoma japonicum?
Oriental Blood Fluke
70
What is the pathogenesis of the Oriental Blood Fluke (Schistosoma japonicum)?
- Most pathogenic: produces most eggs per day
- Hepatic and pulmonary lesions
- CNS involvement
71
What is the geographical distribution of the Oriental Blood Fluke (Schistosoma japonicum)?
Far East
72
What is the habitat of the Oriental Blood Fluke (Schistosoma japonicum)?
Venules of small intestine
73
The Oriental Blood Fluke (Schistosoma japonicum) has what intermediate and reservoir hosts?
- Intermediate: Fresh water snail (Oncomelania)
| - Reservoir: Mammals exposed to contaminated water
74
What is the infective form and mode of infection of Schistosoma japonicum (Oriental Blood Fluke)?
Cercaria via Active penetration
75
Lab id via the Ova form, shows a size, shape, color, content, and spine characteristics of the Oriental Blood Fluke?
- Size: Medium
- Shape: Ovoid
- Color: Yellowish-brown
- Content: Miracidium
- Spine: Inconspicuous, lateral
76
What is the common name of Schistosoma haematobium?
Vesical Blood Fluke
77
What is the pathogenesis of the Vesical Blood Fluke (S. haematobium)?
- Urogenital tract
| - Liver
78
What is the geographic distribution of the Vesical Blood Fluke (S. haematobium)?
Africa
| Asia Minor
79
What is the habitat of the Vesical blood fluke (s. haematobium)?
Venules of urinary bladder surrounding organs are affected
80
What is the intermediate host of Schistosoma haematobium (Vesical blood fluke)?
Fresh water snail (Bulinus)
81
What is the infective form and mode of infection of the vesical blood fluke (S. haematobium)?
Cercaria via Active penetration
82
Describe the Size, Shape, Color, Content, and spine of the Vesical Blood Fluke (S. haematobium)?
- Size: Large
- Shape: Elongated
- Color: Hyaline
- Content: Miracidium
- Spine: Conspicuous, terminal
83
What is the common name for Schistosoma mansoni?
Manson's blood fluke
84
What is the pathogenesis of the Manson's Blood Fluke (S. mansoni)?
- Abd pain, cramping, diarrhea, bloody stools
| - Hepatosplenomegaly
85
The Manson's Blood Fluke (S. Mansoni) is found where?
S. and Central America
Cuba
Puerto Rico
Africa
86
What is the habitat of the Manson's Blood Fluke (S. Mansoni)?
Venules of large intestine
87
What is the intermediate host of the Manson's Blood Fluke (S. mansoni)?
Fresh water snail (Biomphalaria)
88
What is the reservoir host for S. mansoni (Manson's Blood Fluke)?
Primates
Insectivores
Wild Rodents
89
What is the infective form and mode of infection for Manson's Blood Fluke (S. mansoni)?
Cercaria via active infection
90
Describe the Size, Shape, Color, Content, and spine of the Manson's Blood Fluke (S. mansoni)?
```
Size: Large
Shape: Elongated
Color: Light Brown
Content: Miracidium
Spine: Conspicuous, lateral
```
91
What is the common name for Metagonimus yokogawai/Heterophyes heterophyes?
Small Intestinal Fluke
92
What is the pathogenesis of the Small Intestinal Fluke?
Intestinal upset
93
What is the treatment for the Small Intestinal Fluke?
Praziquantel
| Niclosamide
94
What is the geographical distribution of the Small Intestinal Fluke (Metagonimus yokogawai/heterophyes heterophyes)?
Far East
Israel
Russia
Spain
95
What is the habitat for the Small Intestinal Fluke?
Small Intestines
96
What are the intermediate hosts for the Small Intestinal Fluke?
1st: Snail
2nd: Fish
97
What are the reservoir hosts for the Small Intestinal Fluke?
Piscivores
| Birds
98
What is the infective form and mode of infection for the small intestinal fluke?
Metacercaria via Ingestion
99
What is the specimen of choice for lab id of the small intestinal fluke?
Feces: (FEA)
100
What does the Ova form of the small intestinal fluke not have?
No abopercular process
101
The laboratory id of the adult form Metagonimus yokogawai, describe the size, shape, color, intestinal ceca, testes, acetabulum?
- Size: .8-1.4mm long by .4-.7mm wide
- Shape: Gourd-like
- Color: Grayish
- Intestinal ceca: Straight
- Testes: Oval and Oblique
- Off-center acetabulum
102
The laboratory id of the adult form Heterophyes heterophyes, describe the size, shape, color, intestinal ceca, testes, acetabulum, anterior region?
- Size: 1-1.7mm long by .35mm wide
- Shape: teardrop
- Color: grayish
- Intestinal ceca: Straight but split
- Tested: Oval
- Medio-center acetabulum
- Scaly anterior region
- Retractile sucker
- Armed w/hooklets
