Test 4 (unit 3) - matter and energy Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are The four biomolecules, elements that make them up, functions, and monomers
- Carbohydrates (-ose)
- elements made of CHO 1:2:1
- function - short term energy
- monomer - glucose and monosacarides
- Lipids
- elements made of CHo 1:2
- function - store energy and help with structure and function of cell membrane
- monomer - glycerol and fatty acids
- Proteins
- elements made of CHON
- function - provides structural support, catalysts, cellular transport
- monomer - amino acids
- Nucleic Acids
- elements made of CHONP
- function - stores genetic info (ATP is the storehouse of chemical energy)
- monomer - neoclotides
What does poly mean
many
What does mono mean
oned
What builds polymers
monomers combine to form larger molecules, called polymers
ADP vs ATP
ATP has three phosphates. the three phosphates make it an unstable molecule that stores energy in the bond and releases that enery when it turns into ADP.
ATP is an energy carrying molecule
ADP is what is resulted after ATP has released energy and can be re-phosphorilated
Where is energy stored in the ATP
the pyrophosphate bond
How is energy released in ATP
By breaking the bond between the second and third phosphate molecule
Full name of ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
ADP / ATP Cycle
phosphate released creating ADP and energy
energy absorbed from food and received new phosphate creating new ATP molecule
Draw light dependent cellular respiration reaction
Importance of the electron transport chain in photosynthesis and cellular respiration
The electron transport chain in photosynthesis generates ATP and NADPH by transferring energized electrons, driving the light-dependent reactions essential for energy production and oxygen release.
What is photolysis?
Photolysis is a type of chemical reaction in which molecules are split into smaller by absorbing light.
Chemical Equation of Photosynthesis (balanced and label the reactants and products, what kind of organism dose it)
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Reactants:
Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
Water (H₂O)
Light energy
Products:
Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
Oxygen (O₂)
plants
Chemical Equation of Cellular Respiration (balanced and label the reactants and products, what kind of organism dose it)
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy (ATP)
Reactants:
Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
Oxygen (O₂)
Products:
Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
Water (H₂O)
Energy (ATP)
all organisms
What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis makes glucose and oxygen, which are used by cellular respiration to produce energy. Cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide and water, which are the reactants used by photosynthesis, creating a cycle. photo makes glucose which celular uses to make atp
Why do we breathe?
We breathe to supply oxygen to our cells for cellular respiration, a process that generates ATP, the energy needed for cellular activities. Breathing also removes carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration, to maintain a healthy balance in the body.
Alcoholic Fermentation. Types of cells. Equation (reactants and products). How many ATP molecules produced?
Alcoholic Fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in some cells, such as yeast cells and some bacteria, when oxygen is not available.
Types of Cells: Yeast cells and some types of bacteria perform alcoholic fermentation.
Equation:
C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2 C₂H₅OH + 2 CO₂ + 2 ATP
Reactants: Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
Products: Ethanol (C₂H₅OH), Carbon dioxide (CO₂), ATP
ATP Produced: 2 ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule during alcoholic fermentation.
Lactic Acid Fermentation. Types of cells. Equation (reactants and products). How many ATP molecules produced?
Lactic Acid Fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in muscle cells and certain bacteria when oxygen is scarce.
Types of Cells: Muscle cells (during intense exercise) and some bacteria (like those used in yogurt production) perform lactic acid fermentation.
Equation:
C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2 C₃H₆O₃ + 2 ATP
Reactants: Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
Products: Lactic acid (C₃H₆O₃), ATP
ATP Produced: 2 ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule during lactic acid fermentation.
Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of _______, while anaerobic occurs in the absence of _________.
Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen, while anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen.
The byproduct of lactic acid fermentation that makes our muscles burn is ______________________.
The byproduct of lactic acid fermentation that makes our muscles burn is lactic acid.
What do chloroplasts do in photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts are parts of plant cells where photosynthesis happens. They turn sunlight into energy for the plant.
How do plants use light in photosynthesis?
to change water and carbon dioxide into a sugar called glucose
What is the Calvin cycle, and why is it important for photosynthesis?
the Calvin cycle is the light-independent reaction in photosynthesis, where energy from ATP and NADPH is used to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.
How is light energy transformed into chemical energy in photosynthesis?
Light energy is captured by chlorophyll in the thylakoid membranes, which is then used to generate ATP and NADPH. These energy molecules are used in the Calvin cycle to form glucose.