Test 4 Vocab and important Def.

Question 1

Circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues that ends in suppuration and and is accompanied by systemic symptoms, such as fever and leukocytosis; Several communicating boils of the skin and subcutaneous tissues with the production and discharge of pus and dead tissue?

Answer 1

Carbuncle

Question 2

Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain?

Answer 2

Hydrocephalus

Question 3

Chemical in powder form that has the ability to absorb and to disinfect; often used in cavity treatment of autopsied cases?

Answer 3

Hardening Compound

Question 4

The building up phase of of postmortem caloricity?

Answer 4

Anabolism

Question 5

Between the cells of a structure?

Answer 5

Intercellular

Question 6

An organic catalyst produced by living cells and capable of autolytic decomposition?

Answer 6

Enzyme

Question 7

A specific antibody acting destructively upon cells and tissues?

Answer 7

Lysin

Question 8

Established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles blend into the arm?

Answer 8

Lateral Boundary

Question 9

Method of mouth closure in which a suture is passed through the septum of the nose and around the mandible?

Answer 9

Mandibular Suture

Question 10

Extravascular color change that occurs when heme, released by hemolysis of red blood cells, seeps through the cessel walls and into the body tissues

Answer 10

Postmortem Stain / Laking

Question 11

Building blocks of which proteins are constructed, and the end products of protein digestion or hydrolysis. Their basic formula is NH2-CHR-COOH; an amino group, an alpha carbon, any aliphatic or aromatic radical, and a carboxyl group?

Answer 11

Amino Acid

Question 12

The passage of solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane?

Answer 12

Osmosis / Hindered Diffusion

Question 13

Postmortem evacuation of any substance from and external orifice of the body as a result of pressure?

Answer 13

Purge

Question 14

Separation of substances in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane?

Answer 14

Dialysis/ Selective Diffusion

Question 15

Drug-induced edema wherein the excess fluid is located within the cell. Upon palpation, there is no noticeable depression?

Answer 15

Solid Edema

Question 16

An evaluation of exposures that are time-weighted over an established period. It allows the exposure levels to be averaged generally over an eight-hour time period?

Answer 16

TWA- Time Weighted Average

Question 17

Ingredient of embalming fluids that retards the natural postmortem tendency of blood to become more viscous or prevents adverse reactions between blood and other embalming chemicals?

Answer 17

Anticoagulant Fluid

Question 18

Fluid injected for purposes other than preservation and disinfection?

Answer 18

Supplemental Fluid

Question 19

Extravascular movement of preservative fluids by gravitational force to the dependent areas of the body?

Answer 19

Gravity Filtration

Question 20

An agent used to remove chemical constituents from municipal water supplies that could interfere with drainage and preservation?

Answer 20

Water Conditioner

Question 21

Group of chemicals used in addition to vascular and cavity embalming fluids; includes but is not limited to: hardening compounds, preservative powders, sealing agents, mold preventative agents, and pack application agents?

Answer 21

Accessory Chemical

Question 22

Distention of the pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys with urine as a result of obstruction?

Answer 22

Hydronephrosis

Question 23

Chemical in powder form; typically used for surface embalming of the remains?

Answer 23

Preservative Powder

Question 24

Loss of Blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained?

Answer 24

Exsanguination

Question 25

The substance that is dissolved in a solution?

Answer 25

Solute

Question 26

Established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles blend into the chest wall?

Answer 26

Medial Boundary of the Axillary Space

Question 27

Necrotic tissue that is wet as a result of inadequate venous drainage; may be accompanied by bacterial infection?

Answer 27

Moist (Wet) Gangrene

Question 28

The action of a force against an apposing force (a force applied or acting against resistance)?

Answer 28

Pressure

Question 29

The difference between potential and actual pressure?

Answer 29

Differential Pressure

Question 30

The maximum legal limits established by OSHA for regulated substances; these are baded on employee exposures that are time-weighted over an eight-hour work shift. When these limits are exceeded, employers must take proper steps to reduce employee exposure?

Answer 30

PEL- Permissible Exposure Limit .75ppm (parts per million) for Formaldehyde

Question 31

A non-toxic disinfectant suitable for the use on animal tissue?

Answer 31

Antiseptic

Question 32

An influential person in medical embalming who is known as the "Father of Embalming"?

Answer 32

Frederick Ruysch | 1665-1717

Question 33

Chemicals which kill or render incapable of reproducing disease causing microorganisms?

Answer 33

Germicide

Question 34

Conditions characterized by excessive concentration of bilirubin in the skin and tissues and deposition of excessive bile pigment in the skin, cornea, body fluids, and mucous membranes with the resulting yellow appearance of the patient?

Answer 34

Jaundice / Icterus

Question 35

The presence of bacteria in the blood?

Answer 35

Bactermia

Question 36

Chemicals added to the embalming solution to deal with varying demands predicated upon the embalming fluid to be used, type of embalming, and the environment?

Answer 36

Modifying Agents

Question 37

The non protein portion of hemoglobin; the red pigment of the hemoglobin?

Answer 37

Heme

Question 38

Grey discoloration of the body caused by the reaction of formaldehyde from the embalming process with hemoglobin to form methyl hemoglobin?

Answer 38

Formaldehyde Grey

Question 39

Soft whitish crumbly or greasy material that forms upon the postmortem hydrolysis and hydrogenation of body fats?

Answer 39

Adipocere / Grave Wax

Question 40

Method of mouth closure in which a suture is passed through the septum of the nose and through the mentalis muscle of the chin?

Answer 40

Musculature Suture

Question 41

Removal of particles (liquid or solid) from a solution, as it passes through a membrane or other partial barrier?

Answer 41

Filtration

Question 42

Process of soap formation; as related to decomposition, the conversion of fatty tissues of the body into a soapy waxy substance called adipocere or grave wax?

Answer 42

Saponification

Question 43

An agent, usually chemical, applied to inanimate objects/surfaces to destroy disease causing microbial agents, but USUALLY NOT BACTERIAL SPORES?

Answer 43

Disinfectant

Question 44

Postmortem accumulation of gas in tissues or cavities brought about by an anaerobic gas forming bacillus?

Answer 44

Tissue Gas ex. clostridium perfringens

Question 45

Established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelopes the lateral border of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

Answer 45

Posterior Boundary of the Axillary Space

Question 46

Absorption of the fluid portion of the blood by the tissues after death resulting in postmortem edema?

Answer 46

Imbibition

Question 47

The increase size of an organ or part due to the excessive but regulated increase in the number of it's cells?

Answer 47

Hyperplasia

Question 48

A paired bone with several processes that form the skeletal base of most of the superior face, roof of the mouth, sides of the nasal cavity, and floor of the orbit?

Answer 48

Maxilla

Question 49

The breaking down phase (ex cooling phase of postmortem caloricity from a point of maximum temperature until it reaches 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit)

Answer 49

Catabolism

Question 50

Positive intravascular pressure causing passage of embalming solution through the capillaries causing passage of embalming fluid from an intravascular to an wall to diffuse with the interstitial fluids; extravascular position?

Answer 50

Pressure Filtration

Question 51

The red respiratory portion of the red blood cells; iron containing pigment of red blood cells functioning to carry oxygen to the cells?

Answer 51

Hemoglobin

Question 52

Fluid in the supporting connective tissues surrounding body cells (about one-fifth the body weight)?

Answer 52

Interstitial Fluid

Question 53

Intravascular; the increase of viscosity of blood brought about by the clumping of particulate formed elements in the blood vessels which is a specific type of congealing?

Answer 53

Agglutination

Question 54

A substance bringing about precipitation. The oxilates formerly used in water conditioning chemicals are now illegal because of the poisonous nature to the embalmer?

Answer 54

Precipitant

Question 55

The movement of the arterial solution through the capillaries into the intercellular spaces, from intravascular to to an extravascular position?

Answer 55

Fluid Diffusion

Question 56

To force a fluid through (an organ or tissue), especially by way of the blood vessels; injection during vascular embalming?

Answer 56

Perfusion

Question 57

Injection of embalming chemicals directly into the tissues through the use of a syringe and needle or a trocar?

Answer 57

Hypodermic Embalming

Question 58

Acute, deep-seated inflammation in the skin which usually begin as a subcutaneous swelling in a hair follicle?

Answer 58

Boil / Furuncle

Question 59

Pathological death of a tissue still still part of the living organism?

Answer 59

Necrosis

Question 60

Antemortem necrosis in a wound infected by an anaerobic gas forming bacillus, the most common etiologic agent being clostridium perfringens?

Answer 60

Gas Gangrene

Question 61

Pathologic state, resulting from the presence of microorganisms or their products in the blood or other tissues?

Answer 61

Sepsis

Question 62

An organic compound containing nitrogen; any compounds formed from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic radicals. The general formula for primary amines is R-NH2?

Answer 62

Amine

Question 63

The pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle when the injector motor is running and the arterial tubing is clamped off?

Answer 63

Potential Pressure

Question 64

Destruction of red blood cells that liberates hemoglobin?

Answer 64

Hemolysis

Question 65

Postmortem, intravascular , red-blue discoloration resulting from hypostasis of blood, can usually by cleared via arterial injection and drainage?

Answer 65

Livor Mortis / Cadaveric Lividity / Postmortem Lividity

Question 66

The destruction of most pathogenic organisms and their products in or on the body?

Answer 66

Disinfection

Question 67

A liquid holding another substance in solution?

Answer 67

Solvent

Question 68

Established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelops the lateral border of the pectoralis major muscle?

Answer 68

Anterior Boundary of the Axillary Space

Question 69

Antemortem and/or postmortem settling of blood and/or fluids to dependent portions of the body?

Answer 69

Hypostasis

Question 70

Underdevelopment of a tissue, organ, or the body?

Answer 70

Hypoplasia

Question 71

Any one of a group of nitrogenous organic compounds formed by the action of the putrefactive bacteria on proteins; indole, skatole, cadaverine, and putrescine?

Answer 71

Ptomaine

Question 72

An injury caused by a blow without laceration; a contusion?

Answer 72

Bruise / Ecchymosis

Question 73

The dilution attained as the embalming solution is mixed in the embalming machine?

Answer 73

Primary Dilution

Question 74

Organelle that exists within a cell, but separate from the cell; contains hydrolytic enzymes that break down proteins and certain carbohydrates?

Answer 74

Lysosome

Question 75

These levels are established to ensure adequate protection of employees at exposures below the OSHA limits, but to minimize the compliance burdens for employers whose employees have exposures below the 8 hour permissible exposure limit ?

Answer 75

Action Level / AL-Exposure Limits The AL for formaldehyde is 0.5 ppm

Question 76

Condition characterized by the multiplication of bacteria in blood?

Answer 76

Septicemia

Question 77

Colorless, strong-smelling gas that when used in solution is a powerful preservative and disinfectant; a potential occupational carcinogen?

Answer 77

Formaldehyde / HCHO / CH2O

Question 78

A condition in which the vital signs of life are feebly maintained and there is a waxy rigidity of the body?

Answer 78

Catalepsy

Question 79

An influential person in medical embalming who is regarded as the “Father of Modern Embalming,” and “Father of Embalming in the United States.” [American]?

Answer 79

Dr. Thomas Holmes 1817-1900

Question 80

Condition in which interstitial spaces contain such excessive amounts of fluid that the skin remains depressed after palpation?

Answer 80

Pitting Edema

Question 81

a wasting, decrease in size of an organ or tissue?

Answer 81

Atrophy

Question 82

STEL Legal limits established by OSHA to which workers can be exposed continuously for a short period of time without damage or injury exposures at the STEL should not be for more than 15 minutes and not repeated more than 4 times per work day?

Answer 82

Short Term Exposure Limit / STEL

Question 83

Chemical that increases the ability of embalmed tissue to retain moisture?

Answer 83

Humectant

Question 84

A chemical which affects the stabilization of the acid-base(pH) balance within embalming solutions and in the embalmed tissues?

Answer 84

Buffers

Question 85

Antemortem, physiological death of the cells of the body followed by their replacement most cells in the body are completely replaced every 14 years?

Answer 85

Necrobiosis

Question 86

The horseshoe shaped bone forming the inferior jaw?

Answer 86

Mandible

Question 87

The pressure which is indicated by the injector gauge needle when the arterial tube is open and the arterial solution is flowing into the body?

Answer 87

Actual Pressure

Question 88

Chemicals which inactivate saprophytic bacteria, render unsuitable for nutrition the media upon decomposition which such bacteria thrive, and which will arrest by altering enzymes and lysins of the body as well as converting the decomposable tissue to a form less susceptible to decomposition?

Answer 88

Preservative / "Fixers"

Question 89

Fluid inside cells of the body (constituting about one-half of the body weight)?

Answer 89

Intracellular Fluid

Question 90

Condition that results when the body part that dies had little blood and remains aseptic and occurs when the arteries but not the veins are obstructed?

Answer 90

Dry Gangrene

Question 91

Distension of the tissues beneath the skin by gas or air; an antemortem condition brought about by a surgical procedure or trauma?

Answer 91

Subcutaneous Emphysema

Question 92

A protein found in blood plasma?

Answer 92

Albumin

Question 93

Organic compound found in plants and animals; can be broken down into amino acids?

Answer 93

Protein

Question 94

Abnormal accumulation of fluids in a saclike structure, especially the scrotal sac?

Answer 94

Hydrocele

Question 95

The rise in temperature after death due to continued cellular metabolism?

Answer 95

Postmortem Caloricity

Question 96

General deterioration of the body; a state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting It may occur in many chronic diseases as certain malignancies and advanced pulmonary tuberculosis?

Answer 96

Cachexia / Wasting Syndrome

Question 97

The deep layer of skin under the epidermis?

Answer 97

Derma / Dermis/ Skin / Corium / True Skin

Question 98

The movement of the arterial solution from the point of injection through the blood vascular system?

Answer 98

Fluid Distribution

Question 99

Postmortem cooling of the body to the surrounding temperature?

Answer 99

Algor Mortis