test 5

Question 1

years of 20th century music

Answer 1

1900-2000

Question 2

style traits

Answer 2

Harmony (biggest dividing line) emancipation of dissonance

Question 3

frees harmony from having to move from tension to rest

Answer 3

emancipation of dissonance

Question 4

polytonality

Answer 4

more than one key being defined

Question 5

atonality

Answer 5

all twelve tones have equal importance. no tonal center being defined

Question 6

expanded tonality

Answer 6

tonal center still defined, but all other 12 tones are used as well

Question 7

serialism

Answer 7

12 tones arranged in a specific order or series. type of atonality

Question 8

rhythm

Answer 8

disregards past patterns, use of polyrhythms and polymeters

Question 9

Post-romanticism

Answer 9

composers carry on Wagnerian traditions. ex: Richard Strauss &Gustav Mahler

Question 10

impressionists painters

Answer 10

ex: monet. Light reflection, subtle, hazy

Question 11

symbolist poets

Answer 11

suggest rather than describe

Question 12

impressionistic music

Answer 12

timbre/orchestration equate to painters’ color.

Ambiguous harmonies and rhythms equate to poets’ ambiguous words

Question 13

impressionistic style traits

Answer 13

whole tone scales, non western. 
downbeats accented, "blurry" rhythms
parallel chords, 9th chords
smaller forms, rejecting large forms of Germanic music
Originated in Paris

Question 14

Tone Row

Answer 14

specific ordering of all 12 pitches

Question 15

Trasposition

Answer 15

tone row heard at a higher or lower register

Question 16

Retrograde

Answer 16

tone row played backwards

Question 17

inversion

Answer 17

tone row played upside down

Question 18

retrograde inversinos

Answer 18

tone row played upside down and backwards

Question 19

matrix

Answer 19

chart that shows all possible forms of tone row

Question 20

Arnold Schoenberg

Answer 20

invented 12-tone system

worked in vienna and later in America

Question 21

2nd Viennese School of Composers

Answer 21

Schoenberg, Alban Berg and Anton Webern (Schoenberg’s students)

Question 22

Sprechstimme

Answer 22

speechlike style of singing using approximated pitches

Question 23

Klangfarbanmelodie

Answer 23

tone color melody; use of different instruments for different pitches of a melody

Question 24

National Schools in France

Answer 24

‘Les Six’ -D. Milhaud, F. Poulenc

Objective, understated, elegant

Question 25

National Schools in Russia

Answer 25

D. Shoshtakovich, S. Prokofiev, S. Rachmaninov A. Scrabin

Question 26

National Schools in German

Answer 26

P. Hindemith C. Oriff K. Weill

Question 27

Romantic Nationalism

Answer 27

In response to political unrest, used folk music to stir emotions

Question 28

20th Century Nationalisim

Answer 28

More objective/scientific, Studied folk music for its nontraditional scale music

Question 29

Bela Botrok

Answer 29

wrote "interpreted intermezzo" from Concerto for Orchestra

Question 30

Primitive sounding rhythms

Answer 30

percussive dissonances

Question 31

Ostinatos

Answer 31

Repeated figures

Question 32

Bartok Bizzakato

Answer 32

snapping fingers agains strings to create a percussive sound, used folk elements, traditional forms, incorporates unfamiliar scales, frees him from tyrannical rule of major and minor keys

Question 33

Igor Stravinksy

Answer 33

Uses Primitivism, percussive dissonant harmonies and ostinato figures, polytonality, serialism and neoclassicalisim

Question 34

Rite of Spring

Answer 34

Ancient Russian Sacrificial ceremonies

Question 35

Primitivism

Answer 35

Depictions of prehistoric culture,

Question 36

George Crumb

Answer 36

"Ancient Voices of Children" -song cycle

Question 37

Avante-garde

Answer 37

new styles and techniques; cutting edge and experimental. Literally "advance guard" at the front of progress

Question 38

Extended Technique

Answer 38

playing instruments or using voice in unconventional manners

Question 39

Gyorgi Ligeti

Answer 39

Often emulates electronic or mechanized music with natural instruments

Question 40

Tone clusters

Answer 40

groups of close intervals played together

Question 41

John Cage

Answer 41

(1912-1992) No boundary or a vague one between music and noise

Question 42

Prepared Piano

Answer 42

Piano who's sound is altered by insertion of various materials (metal, rubber, leather, paper) between strings, invented by J. Cage

Question 43

Aleatoric ('Chance')

Answer 43

Music that is composed using indeterminacy (rolling dice, ect.)

Question 44

Imaginary Landscape

Answer 44

Playing random radio stations together and seeing what comes out

Question 45

Musique Concrete

Answer 45

natural sounds records on tape then manipulated (different speeds, reversed, processed thru filters)

Question 46

Electronic music

Answer 46

electronically produced sounds by an oscillator. waveforms are altered with filters

Question 47

Stockhausen's "Song of Youth"

Answer 47

uses natal and electronic music

Question 48

Minimalism

Answer 48

repetition of short harmonic, melodic or rhythmic patterns with little variation

Question 49

Electric Counterpoint

Answer 49

by Steve Reich, minimalism

Question 50

Arvo Part

Answer 50

Spiritual Minimalism

Question 51

Tintinnabular style

Answer 51

bell-like style developed by Estonian composer Arvo Part, achieved by weaving conduct lines that hover around a central pitch; from latin word for bell