Test #5 Antibiotics

Question 1

What is the most severe reaction when taking Penicillins (B lactams)

Answer 1

Allergic reactions

Question 2

What is an adverse reaction when on microlides?

Answer 2

Jaundice - which increases levels of drugs metabolized in liver!

Question 3

What drug interacts with anything that contains metal ion? It decreases the absorption of the drug. Ex - Ca++ supplements and vitamines

Answer 3

Tetracyclines

Question 4

What toxic effects do aminoglycosides have that limit their clinical use?

Answer 4

Ototoxicity - on the 8th cranial nerve

and balance distruptions

Question 5

What are two drugs that inhibit folic acid production in the bacteria so they can no longer grow?

Answer 5

Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim

Question 6

What drug can cause kidney obstruction and also cause toxic encephalopathy in newborns

Answer 6

Sulfonamides

Question 7

What antibiotic should not be given to pregnant women because they need the folic acid for their fetus?

Answer 7

Trimethoprim

Question 8

What drug is not an antibiotic? but is used to treat UTI in long term therapy. It effects the DNA, RNA, and Protein synthesis

Answer 8

Nitrofurans

Question 9

What drug can interfere with RBC enzyme systems in babies so it is contraindicated in near term pregnancies

Answer 9

Nitrofurans

Question 10

What are two anti-TB drugs

1. blocks mycobacterium cell wall
2. blocks RNA synthesis (but not in human cells)

Answer 10

1. Isoniazid

2. Rifampin

Question 11

What fungicidal drug causes nephrotoxicity and should not be given with anything else that causes this. It targets ergosterol, binds to cell membrane and forms a canal to let things leak out and die

Answer 11

Polyene

Question 12

what drug causes interaction with warfarin, barbs, any drug that will increase stomach pH (antacids, proton pump inhibitors), and metal ion components?

Answer 12

Azoles - Fluconazole

Question 13

What mechanism of resistance is common with Azoles. the fungi make so many receptors and the drug can’t overcome the amount to kill fungi?

Answer 13

Efflux transporter over-expression

Question 14

Where do all antivirals work?

Answer 14

at the Nucleic acid synthesis stage

Question 15

What drug acts like a chain terminator to the DNA synthesis in a virus cell - it prevents the DNA from growing?

Answer 15

Acyclovir

Question 16

What causes people to become resistant to Acyclovir?

Answer 16

not having the enzyme responsible for the phosphorylation = no activation of acyclovir

Question 17

What causes dose limiting when taking Acyclovir?

Answer 17

Renal insufficiency - Seen in HIV patients and

antiretroviral and antiherpal to have an interaction b/c liver metabolism

Question 18

What make Ganciclovir best for treating CMV

Answer 18

It is phosphorylated by a viral phosphotransferase encoded in CMV

Question 19

What drug is used to treat CMV in the eye (retinitis) and also used in patients that are resistant to Acyclovir because it doesn’t need the specific enzyme to be activated

Answer 19

Cidofovir

Question 20

What two drugs are only used to treat activity against Influenza A?

Answer 20

Amantidine and Rimantidine

Question 21

What two drugs are used to treat Flu A & B (not in pregnant women) it blocks the neuramnidase enzyme which stops the RNA from leaving to go infects another cell

Answer 21

Oseltamivir and Zanamivir

Question 22

What are the two drugs used to treat Hepatits?

Answer 22

Interferons and Ribavirin

Question 23

What is an SE of HIV protease inhibitors? and how do these drugs work to kill the virus?

Answer 23

Crystalluria

they work by inhibiting the enzyme (aspartyl protease) from making the enzyme into a mature form

Question 24

What are two HIV entry inhibitors that blocks:

1. gp120
2. gp41

Answer 24

1. Maraviroc

2. enfuvirtide

Question 25

One reason HIV isn’t curable is because

Answer 25

it integrates into host chromosome

Question 26

What is the newest drug to treat HIV. It is na HIV integrase inhibitor. It prevents the virus from going into the host chromosome

Answer 26

Raltegravir