Test 5 (Knee)

Question 1

Femur

Answer 1

upper leg/thigh bone

Question 2

Tibia

Answer 2

primary weight bearing bone of lower leg

Question 3

Tibia + Femur

Answer 3

make up the tibiofemoral joint aka knee joint

Question 4

patella (function and action)

Answer 4

knee cap; largest sesamoid bone in the body; increase the ability of the muscle within which it is located to produce effective force. Patella slides within the femoral groove (patella slides up during extension, and slides down during extension.) patella keeps femur from sliding forward off the tibia during flexion and centralized the pull of the quad group.

Question 5

tibiofemoral joint

Answer 5

aka knee joint, a modified hing joint, some slight rotation, a synocial joing with a joint capsule

Question 6

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) (purposes)

Answer 6

provides stability forwards and backwards, prevents anterior displacement of the tibia and keeps tibia from sliding forward under the femur

Question 7

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) (purposes)

Answer 7

also provides stability forwards and backwards, prevents posterior displacement of tibia

Question 8

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

Answer 8

provides medial stability, prevents horizontal displacement and is a key restraint for external rotation of tibia; ; there to keep femoral condyle from pushing too far front/back

Question 9

Lateral Collateral Ligament

Answer 9

also provides sideways stability, prevents lateral displacement

Question 10

Coronary Ligament

Answer 10

holds meniscus to the tibial plateau

Question 11

Meniscus

Answer 11

how they move: when knee beds, they pull slightly backwards. when knee extends, they pull slightly forwards.

Question 12

Tendon of the quadriceps (Patellar)

Answer 12

ends in the patellar tendon at the tibial tubarosity

Question 13

Bursae of the knee

Answer 13

fluid filled sacs that contain synovial fluid (or another lubricating fluid.) They protect bones of the knee from rubbing together, allow tendons to move over bones, and muscles to glide over bones. In general, reduce friction (think of as “ball-bearings”

Question 14

Suprapatellar Bursae

Answer 14

located superior to patella and deep toe the quadriceps tendon

Question 15

Prepatellar Bursae

Answer 15

located anterior to the patella

Question 16

Infrapatellar Bursae

Answer 16

located inferior to the knee cap deep to quadriceps tendon

Question 17

Illiotibial Band (IT Band/Tract)

Answer 17

a strong fascia of the lateral thigh that spans between the pelvis and lower leg

Question 18

Closure Rotation

Answer 18

locking mechanism “Screw home” mechanism, the knee straightens completely and some rotation internally occurs in the femur, tibia externally rotates

Question 19

quadriceps muscles (function and identify)

Answer 19

primary anterior muscles acting on the knee during extension: rectus femorus, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralus (Be able to identify these on a diagram!)

Question 20

Poplitues Muscle

Answer 20

“the key that unlocks the knee” (opposite of “screws home” mechanism), femur rotates externally

Question 21

Pes Anserinus (3 muscles)

Answer 21

“Goose foot” muslces, sartorius, gracilis, and cemitendinosus; all 3 muscles attach on to the medial tibia, bursae lies deep to the pes ansernius

Question 22

patellofemoral compression force

Answer 22

the force pressing the knee cap back against the femur, is increaded as teh knee bends deeper from a demi plie to a grand plie

Question 23

hamstrings (function and identify)

Answer 23

primary posterior muscles acting on the knee during flexion: biceps femorus, semimembranous, and semitendenous (be able to identify on diagram)

Question 24

muscular contraction in plie

Answer 24

descending: resisting gravity- using eccentric contraction; ascending: extending quad, using concentric contraction

Question 25

Genu angulation

Answer 25

shafts of femur are not totally vertical, but are slightly angled inwards

Question 26

Genu valgum

Answer 26

"knock kneed" extreme valgus angulation

Question 27

Genu varum

Answer 27

"bow-legged" extreme verum angulation

Question 28

Genu recurvatum

Answer 28

hyperextended

Question 29

Genu antecurvatum

Answer 29

slightly flexed knees

Question 30

tibial torsion

Answer 30

tibia is slightly twisted and rotated inward so that the child is "toes in"

Question 31

popping in the knee

Answer 31

joins is being reactivated after a period of rest. Synovial membrane is being awakened to secrete synovial fluid to lubricate the joint. (Normally is not painful, but if it is, see a doctor)

Question 32

Osgood Schlatter's Disease

Answer 32

(concerning the bone) inflammation of tibial tuberiosity, cuased by quadriceps pulling on patellar tendon which eventually attached to the tibia. Can pull away from the bone.

Question 33

Know about torn cartilage

Answer 33

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Question 34

be able to SKETCH the knee to show the 4 bones

Answer 34

1) tibia 2) femur 3) fibia 4) patella + ligamtents (cruciate, collateral, and coronary) DAK pg. 239

Question 35

know what Maniscus is and how you tear it

Answer 35

i.e. tibia externally rotates, or receive a strong blow to the knee; A meniscus tear is usually caused by twisting or turning quickly, often with the foot planted while the knee is bent. These tears can occur when you lift something heavy or play sports

Question 36

know difference between hamstrings/quads/muscles surrounding the knee

Answer 36

whether they are extenders or flexors

Question 37

know that the goose foot muscles..

Answer 37

help rotate the leg and somewhat Unburdens the quad group

Question 38

review 'journey into the knee"

Answer 38

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