Test 5 Study Guide

Question 1

HIV replicates what?

Answer 1

HIV becomes a parasite for helper T cells and it alters them. (Reverse transcription)

Question 2

HIV transmission?

Answer 2

Blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk

Question 3

Subtypes of HIV

Answer 3

HIV 1: composed of 4 groups M,N,O,P (M mutates easily)
A-k have multiple strains
HIV 2: primary infection in Western Africa
Hiv 1: Group M Subtype B is more prevalent

Question 4

What behaviors increase the risk of HIV?

Answer 4

*unprotected sex
*contact with body fluids
*sharing needles and syringes
*body piercings, tattoos, dental work
*breastfeeding

Question 5

Signs and symptoms of HIV?

Answer 5

Flu like symptoms, fever, swollen lymph nodes, Weightloss, enlargement of liver and spleen, headache, nausea and vomiting

Question 6

In women gynological problems that occur with HIV?

Answer 6

Abnormal pap
Genitalia warts
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Vaginitis

Question 7

How expensive are HIV meds?

Answer 7

500,000 or more

Question 8

Standard guidelines for starting HIV meds

Answer 8

Initiate antiretroviral drug therapy

Question 9

What is the goal for antiretroviral therapy? Why would the pt become resistant to meds?

Answer 9

Goal is to bring viral load to undetectable
Resistance happens because of mutations

Question 10

What do NRTIS do? NNRTIS?

Answer 10

NRTIS: interfere with the ability to make a genetic blueprint of the virus.
NNRTIS: bind directly to the reverse transcriptase and prevents transcription

Question 11

What do protase inhibitors do? Fusion Inhibitors?

Answer 11

Pi’s interfere with the maturation of the viral copies manage to escape from the host T4 cells. They most likely control the virus.
FI’s blocks the CXCR4 receptor, reserved for people who are resistant to

Question 12

Common opportunist infections associated with AIDS.

Answer 12

Pneumocystis pneumonia
Candidiasis
Cytomegalies infection
Cryptospordiosis

Question 13

What is Aids Dementia complex? What are the symptoms?

Answer 13

A neurological condition that causes degeneration of the brain, effectively mood, cognition, and motor functions.

Patients exhibit forgetfulness, limited attention span, decreased ability to concentrate, delusional thinking, mood range from irritability to euphoria.

Question 14

What is distal sensory polyneuropathy?

Answer 14

Abnormal sensation, such as burning and numbness in feet and later in the hands. DSP responds well to drug therapy.

Question 15

What is OSHA recommended when catering for patients with AIDS?

Answer 15

*transport specimens of body fluids in leak proof containers
* clean, disinfect, or discard utility gloves for cleaning
*remove barrier garments asap after leaving client’s room.

Question 16

If the nurse is exposed, what precautions must be followed?

Answer 16

Report the incident immediately.
The nurse should be tested for HIV antiretrovirals.

Question 17

If a client with AIDS had diarrhea, what diet is best? What about the nausea/vomiting?

Answer 17

Avoid fibrous foods, lactose, fat and caffeine.

Question 18

What are common adverse effects with the NRTI, zidovudine?

Answer 18

Anemia and Granulocytopenia

Question 19

What is Arthritis?

Answer 19

A general condition characterized by inflammation and degeneration of a joint.

Question 20

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 20

An auto immune disorder of the connective tissue and joints caused by deformity to the joints affected.

Question 21

What is rheumatoid nodules?

Answer 21

Subcutaneous nodules. A non tender and movable and evident over bony prominences. ( elbow or base of spine)

Question 22

What finger deformities might be present for RA?

Answer 22

Ulnar deviation/severe neck deformity

Question 23

What is treatment for RA?

Answer 23

Drug therapy: NSAIDS, steroids, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, immunosuppressants
Supplements
Surgery

Question 24

What is degenerative joint disease? What are signs and symptoms?

Answer 24

Most common form of arthritis. Wear and tear of joints

Question 25

What is the nursing management? How can pt avoid putting stress on thier joints?

Answer 25

Teaching client about disease and provide information regarding health, relieving pain, reduce stress, decreasing inflammatory process and preserving joint mobility.

Question 26

What is gout and what is it characterized by?

Answer 26

A painful metabolic arthritic disorder involving an inflammatory reaction in the joints. Characterized by hyper uricemia

Question 27

What is ankylsoing spondylitis and what are the signs and symptoms?

Answer 27

Chronic connective tissue disorder of the spine and surrounding cartilaginous joints. Signs and symptoms: low back pain, hip pain, and stiffness as the disease progresses

Question 28

What is Lupus and what are signs and symptoms?

Answer 28

Connective tissues charges and chronic inflammation affect’s skin, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, brain and lymph nodes.

Question 29

What is osteomyelitis and what are the signs and symptoms? What is chronic osteomyelitis characterized by?

Answer 29

Infection in the bone, affects blood supply to the bone and bone necrosis can be difficult to treat. S/s: acute infection appears suddenly Chronic infection maybe characterized by a persistent draining sinus.

Question 30

Describe the S/S of Lyme Disease and how is it contracted?

Answer 30

Progressive symptoms start with rash moves to involve the cardiac, neurological and musculoskeletal system. Stage 1: bulls eye rash Midstage: occurs as the organisms proliferates throughout the body Later symptoms: arthritis and other musculoskeletal problems

Question 31

What is osteoporosis and who are at risk?

Answer 31

Loss of bone density occurs in older adults and affects more women then men.

Question 32

What is osteomalacia and how is it treated?

Answer 32

Metabolic bone disease, softening of the bones causing vitamin D deficiency. Treated: vitamin d supplements, supplements for calcium, adequate nutrition

Question 33

What are bunions? What causes them? How are they treated?

Answer 33

* (Hallux Valgus) deformity of the great toe * associates with hereditary arthritis/ improperly fitting shoes *bunionectomy can remove the bunion

Question 34

What should the client do with gout address with his/her diet and nutritional status?

Answer 34

Avoid high purine foods, gradual Weightloss helps reduce serum acid levels Should avoid: fasting, low carb diets, and rapid weightloss