Test # 6 - Cold War to Civil Rights Flashcards
(39 cards)
Truman Doctrine
Economic and Military aid to Turkey and Greece to fight communism
Marshall Plan
Economic aid to rebuild Europe after WWII
Why was the Berlin Airlift necessary? Was it successful? Provide evidence.
Dropped supplies via planes into West Berlin after a Soviet blockade of the city in 1948. It was successful because the communists never gained full control of Berlin.
Whose idea was the Containment Policy? What was it?
Harry Truman; to stop Communism from spreading
What was the significance of China falling to the Communists? Which American politician was blamed?
A major Asian country fell to Communism; Truman was blamed. People feared that other Asian countries would turn communist after China.
- What was the second Red Scare? Who was the major figure associated with the Red Scare?
A wave of fear that Communism was spreading in the United States; Senator Joseph McCarthy (McCarthyism).
What development took place in Cuba that caused the US to get involved? Why was Cuba such a concern to the United States?
A communist revolution by Fidel Castro took over the government of Cuba. The US supported an attempt to invade Cuba by Cuban exiles known as the Bay of Pigs. Later the US had a standoff with the USSR over nuclear missiles in Cuba (Cuban Missile Crisis). The USSR removed missiles from Cuba. Cuba is a concern because it is so close to the United States (only 90 miles away).
What was Sputnik? Why was it earth shattering to Americans?
Soviet satellite that was launched in 1957; showed the Americans were behind in technology to the Soviet Union and started the “Space Race”.
What was the name of Eisenhower’s national security policy passed in response to the Cold War? What were its components?
Eisenhower developed the “New Look” strategy that included improving America’s economy at home, new nuclear weapons and missiles, and strengthening diplomatic ties with neutral countries.
Was the United States successful in containing communism? Think geographically . . .
It was successful in Europe, but was not so successful in Asia.
What was the significance of the GI Bill?
Provided low interest loans to WWII veterans to afford new homes and college.
What was the Baby Boom?
Largest generation of Americans; took place following WWII. At its peak, a baby was born every 7 seconds in the United States.
What was the significance of Levittown?
Community/suburb that developed after WWII; similar floor plans, pre-fabrication building techniques led to massive communities.
How did the growth of television impact the 1950s and 1960s? How was the Civil Rights Movement impacted?
Allowed for more entertainment and television shows; also allowed for communication of news and events. As for Civil Rights, more Americans were able to follow what was happening and it brought it closer to home
How did television impact the presidential election of 1960? Who won and why?
People all over the US could watch the presidential candidates debate at the same time. Kennedy was elected over Nixon because he looked young and healthy on television, while Nixon looked sick and weak.
What president gave the order to integrate the military? Why was this significant?
Truman ordered the military integrated. It was significant because it was the first major segment of society to experience integration.
Who was Jackie Robinson? Why is he an important figure in American history?
He was the first African-American player in major league baseball. He endured a great deal of abuse, but proved black players were just as skilled as white players.
What was significance of the court case Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas? What amendment did the NAACP refer to in the lawsuit?`
Integrated public schools; ended “Separate but equal”. Used the 14th Amendment to fight segregation.
- Compare and contrast the beliefs of Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X
MLK Malcolm X
Non-violent protest By any means necessary
Compare and contrast the beliefs of Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X
MLK Malcolm X
Non-violent protest By any means necessary
What was the purpose of MLK’s Letter from Birmingham Jail?
To inform the white ministers of Birmingham why he is leading the protest and let them know blacks have been waiting for civil rights for decades.
What message was sent in MLK’s I Have a Dream speech?
That in the future, all Americans will have the opportunity to achieve their goals regardless of race.
Describe the role of Rosa Parks and the long term effects of her actions:
Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat to a white person as was required by Montgomery law. She was arrested and a bus boycott was organized in the black community. After more than a year of the boycott, the segregation laws were changed. This victory inspired more non-violent protests throughout the South in an attempt to change/end Jim Crow segregation laws.
Who is Stokely Carmichael and why is he significant to the Civil Rights Movement?
He was a civil rights leader first with SNCC (Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee) and later with the Black Panthers. He represents the change in the civil rights movement from non-violence to radical Black Power.
