Test

Question 1

What is biodiversity

Answer 1

Biodiversity is the variation in the many different communities and their environments on Earth

Question 2

What is species diversity

Answer 2

the number of different species within an ecosystem

Question 3

What is genetic diversity

Answer 3

the range of genetic characteristics within a single species

Question 4

Why is genetic biodiversity important

Answer 4

As it codes for variations of phenotypes, giving an individual organism increased survival rates, allowing it to pass on the advantageous gene.

Question 5

Who was Charles Darwin

Answer 5

Charles Darwin, was an English biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He proposed that all species of life descended over time from common ancestors.

Question 6

What is natural selection

Answer 6

is the non-random selection of particular phenotypes to make them more or less revalent in a population, depending on suitability to the environment

Question 7

What are the three key terms of natural selection

Answer 7

variation, competition and selection

Question 8

What are the most well-known constellations?

Answer 8

The 12 groups known as the signs of zodiac

Question 9

Name 3 different constellations

Answer 9

Taurus (the bull)
Leo (the lion)
Sagittarius (the archer)

Question 10

How many constellations are recognised today?

Answer 10

88

Question 11

What is a Galaxy?

Answer 11

A group of stars

Question 12

What is a nebulae?

Answer 12

clouds of gas and dust

Question 13

What are the two isotopes that fuse together to produce helium in the fusion process?

Answer 13

Deuterium and tritium

Question 14

What do we call a group of stars in the sky that take a particular shape?

Answer 14

A constellation

Question 15

What is the different between apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude?

Answer 15

Apparent: How bright a star appears to us (Earth)
Absolute: How bright a star actually is.. to calculate absolute magnitude, astronomers must know how far away the star is.

Question 16

What do the colours of a star mean in regards to temperature?

Answer 16

Red stars: cool

White and blue stars: hot

Question 17

What are selective agents

Answer 17

the different living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) agents that influence the survival of organisms

Question 18

What are 3 biotic factors that act as selective agents

Answer 18

predators, disease and mating partners

Question 19

What are 3 abiotic factors that act as selective agents

Answer 19

Temperature, shelter and water

Question 20

What is competition

Answer 20

When Individuals within a population compete with each other for resources such as food, shelter or mates.

Question 21

How do bugs become resistant to pesticides?

Answer 21

If some individuals within the population have a mutation that enables them to survive and reproduce, they may pass this trait on to their offspring, who will also be resistant. This reduces the effectiveness of the control method.

Question 22

What are balanced forces

Answer 22

Balance forces are two forces acting in opposite directions on an object, and equal in size.

Question 23

What are unbalanced forces

Answer 23

Unbalanced forces are forces that cause a change in the motion of an object.

Question 24

What is Newton’s First Law of Motion

Answer 24

states that an object will remain at rest, or will not change its speed or direction, unless it is acted upon by an outside, unbalanced force

Question 25

What is intertia

Answer 25

property of objects that makes them resist changes in their motion

Question 26

What is a real life example of Newton’s first law of motion

Answer 26

if a bus stops suddenly, The resistance forces are large and there is no thrust. The resistance forces are not acting on you. You will continue to move forward at the speed that you were travelling at before. This is why we wear seatbelts

Question 27

What is Newton’s Second Law of Motion

Answer 27

A law that states that the acceleration of an object equals the total force on the object divided by its mass.

Question 28

What are the two ways Newton’s second law of motion can be expressed

Answer 28

Written as (a=F/M) where a is acceleration, F is the net force and M is the Mass OR F=m x a

Question 29

What is the estimated number of stars in the Milky Way?

Answer 29

200-400 billion.. our sun is a part of it.

Question 30

What is cosmology

Answer 30

The study of the answers to questions such as "when and how did the universe being? was there a beginning? Perhaps it was always there. If there was a beginning, will there be an end?"

Question 31

What are the two major theories about the beginning of the universe?

Answer 31

the Big Bang theory and the steady state theory

Question 32

1. The big bang (t=0)

Answer 32

The first stage. No time. All that existed was energy which was concentrated into a single point called singularity.

Question 33

2. One ten million trillion trillion trillionths of a second later

Answer 33

Time and space had begun. Space was expanding and temp was about 100 million trillion trillion degrees celsius.

Question 34

3. One ten billion trillion trillionths of a second after the Big Bang

Answer 34

The universe had expanded to about the size of a pea. Matter in tiny particles such as electrons and positrons (positively charged electrons) had formed. There had been no light until the colliding of particles releasing huge amounts of energy

Question 35

4. One ten thousandth of a second after the big bang

Answer 35

Protons and neutrons had formed due to a collision between smaller particles, the universe was very bright as light was trapped as it was continually being reflected by particles.

Question 36

5. One hundredth of a second after the Big Bang

Answer 36

The universe was still expanding and cooling rapidly. It was about the size of our solar system. There was still no such thing as an atom.

Question 37

6. One second after the Big Bang

Answer 37

The universe was probably more than a trillion trillion kilometres across. It had cooled to about ten billion degrees celsius.

Question 38

7. Five minutes after the Big Bang

Answer 38

The nuclei of hydrogen, helium and lithium had formed among a sea of electrons.

Question 39

8. Three hundred thousand years after the Big Bang (t=+300000 years)

Answer 39

The universe = 1 thousandth of current size. cooled to about 3000 degrees celsius. electrons had slowed down enough to be captured by the nuclei of hydrogen, helium and lithium, forming the first atoms. Universe was dark

Question 40

9. Two hundred million years after the Big Bang

Answer 40

the first stars had appeared as gravity pulled hydrogen, helium and lithium together. Nuclear reactions took place inside the stars, causing the nuclei to fuse together to form heavier neclei.

Question 41

10. One billion years after the Big Bang

Answer 41

Began 'lumpy'. | Gravity pulled matter towards the 'lumpier regions', causing the first galaxies to form.

Question 42

The steady state theory

Answer 42

According to this theory, there was no beginning of the universe. It was always there. The galaxies are always moving away from each other. In the extra space left between the galaxies, new stars and galaxies are created. These replace those that move away, so that the universe always looks the same.

Question 43

Will there ever be an end? (theories)

Answer 43

- The Big Crunch theory, if this happens, the universe will end in a singularity. Scientists believe that the Big Crunch will be followed by another Big Bang. - The Big Chill Theory, if this happens, stars will use up their fuel and burn out, causing planets to freeze. - The Big Rip Theory, According to this, the universe will rip itself apart violently as a result of expanding at an increasing speed. According to this theory, the end of the universe will also be the end of time itself.

Question 44

What is evolution?

Answer 44

Evolution is a process of gradual change that takes place over many generations, during which different species slowly change some of their physical characteristics.

Question 45

What does LUCA stand for?

Answer 45

Every living thing on Earth is thought to have descended from one single entity. It has been named the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA)

Question 46

What is meant by 5 minutes to midnight?

Answer 46

If we compressed Earth's 4.5 billion year history into a single year, Earth would have formed on the first of January. Human like creatures are said to have appeared in Africa in the evening of 25th December. was not until 5 minutes before midnight that our species, homo sapiens, appeared on Earth. (Shows how we have not been around long)

Question 47

How to remember the levels of classification?

Answer 47

Kids Prefer Candy Over Fried Green Spinach

Question 48

What are the levels of classification IN ORDER

Answer 48

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species

Question 49

The levels of classification

Answer 49

(IN ORDER, LARGEST TO SMALLEST) | Kingdom -> Phylum -> Class -> Order -> Family -> Genus -> Species

Question 50

What is the binomial system of nomenclature?

Answer 50

It involved giving each species a particular name made up of two words. Made up of a genus name as the first word and a descriptive name as the second. A capital letter is used for the genus name and lower for the descriptive name.

Question 51

The process of natural selection

Answer 51

1) A population shows variation due to mutations. 2) Change in the environment (eg temp) 3) survival of the fittest (individuals with favoured characteristics survive 4) They breed and pass on their genes to their offspring. 5) Those genes become more frequent in a population

Question 52

The difference of the big bang theory and the steady state

Answer 52

The big bang theory states that the universe always changes, it was formed by a big ball of matter and it hasn't always been around and will eventually die. But the steady state theory states it is and always has been the exact same for ever and will never change.