Test Articles 27-30 Flashcards
(36 cards)
1
Q
Seamless Garment/Consistent Ethic of Life
A
- Written by Joseph Cardinal Bernardin
- Speaks on the Prolife movement and how life should be respected from conception to natural death
- Seamless garment because there shouldn’t be a visible line of where life ends; life cannot be broken
- Cannot cut the threads that hold a life together
- Seamless garment because there shouldn’t be a visible line of where life ends; life cannot be broken
2
Q
Roe vs Wade
A
- 1973
- legalized abortions on demand throughout the full nine months of pregnancy
- States can not limit a woman’s right to an abortion only to the first 3 months
3
Q
Doe vs Bolton
A
- broadly defined the “health” exception for abortions
- includes the following factors: the physical, emotional, psychological, familial, and the women’s age as relevant to the well-being of the mother
- grants the abortionist final say over what qualified as a legal abortion
4
Q
Unborn Victims of Violence Act
A
- 2004
- Humans carried in the womb “at any stage of development” who are injured or killed during the commission of certain violent federal crimes are fully recognized as human victims
5
Q
Gospel of Life
A
- Saint John Paul II
- Social Encyclical
- Spoke on the legalization of abortion and euthanasia
- Contrasts the cultures of life and death (causes of culture of death)
6
Q
Culture of Life
A
- A term used to describe a society that holds all life sacred, from conception to natural death
- Such societies build social structures that protect and defend human life in all its stages
7
Q
Culture of Death
A
- A term used to describe a society that does not hold human life sacred in all its stages
- Such a society creates structures of sin that allow human life to be attacked when it is most vulnerable
8
Q
Freedom
A
- Cause of culture of death
- Modern people embrace a distorted understanding of human people
- Feel as though people have the right to pursue personal goals and desires without hindrances
- Human freedom is a gift, not an absolute right
- Responsibility to choose right over wrong (life over death)
9
Q
Materialism
A
- Cause of culture of death
- Occurs when God is not the center of our lives
- We become preoccupied with material things
- Leads to selfishness and the pursuit of pleasure as a primary life goal
10
Q
Erosion of Conscience
A
- Underlies a culture of death
- We should respect our conscience, not erode it with evil
- Makes it increasingly difficult to distinguish between good and evil
- Especially when involved w/ sanctity of human life
- Ex: State making abortion legal, which led to many people feeling that abortion is okay
- Key cause in the legalization of abortion
11
Q
Abortion
A
- deliberate termination of a pregnancy by killing the unborn child
- Igrave sin and a crime against human life
- Direct: Performed to intentionally end a pregnancy and life of an unborn child
- Indirect: Death of an unborn child that is not directly caused by abortion
- Ex: A critically ill mother who requires a medical procedure that is not an abortion, but indirectly results in the death of her child
12
Q
Principle of Double Effect
A
- Thomas Aquinas
- Teaching on homicidal self-defense
- advocated for evaluating the permissibility of acting when one’s otherwise legitimate (good) act (for example, relieving a terminally ill patient’s pain) may also cause an effect one would normally be obliged to avoid (sedation and a slightly shortened life)
13
Q
What is the “slippery slope” argument of ethics? Provide an example
A
- If you allow one thing, you have to allow other things
- Ex: if you allow abortions for people who were raped, you will eventually have to allow them for everyone
14
Q
Drawing upon Joseph Cardinal Bernadin’s speech, “Consistent Ethic of Life,” what does it mean to be pro-life from a Catholic perspective?
A
- To be pro-life from a Catholic perspective means to support life at all stages, from conception to natural death
- Life begins when the child is conceived
15
Q
What social structures support a culture of life?
A
Social Structures that support a culture of life:
- Lucy’s Hearth: aiding women and children affected by domestic violence
- Project Rachel: provide spiritual and non-spiritual guidance to women who have had abortions
- Visiting Nurses: Visit with patients of all ages who are usually dying, spend time with them
16
Q
Three explanations of why millennials are the most pro-life generation
A
- Millennials have grown up with the grim images of abortion and its aftermath
- Empathy-driven reaction against abortion due to ultrasound images and the miracles of neonatal medicine
- Every American born since 1973 is a survivors of Roe vs Wade, which includes millennials
17
Q
Social structures that support a culture of death
A
- Hospitals that perform abortions
- Hospitals that allow for euthanasia
- The government, as it still holds the Roe vs Wade law
18
Q
What is the premise of Mara Hvisendahl’s book, Unnatural Selection? How does her book relate to St. Pope John Paul II’s Gospel of Life?
A
- Premise: the world is missing approximately 160 million women as a result of prenatal female infanticide and sex-selection abortion in Asia and Western Europe
- natural sex ratio at birth is 105 boys for every 100 girls.
- Her book relates to St. Pope John Paul II’s Gospel of Life because PJP speaks on how a culture of life forms from materialism, and Hvisendahl’s book speaks on how many people abort their female children because they don’t want to pay dowries
19
Q
Beginning of Life
A
- 21 days after conception, an embryo’s heart starts to beat
- 9 weeks: fingerprints
- 12 weeks: fetus sleeps, exercises, curls its toes, opens and closes mouth
- 18-20 weeks: fully capable of feeling pain
20
Q
Terri Schiavo
A
- Shouldn’t use the extraordinary to prolong life
- Terri: women in a vegetative state who was being kept alive by an IV and feeding tube
- IV and feeding tube are considered ordinary means of care because they are keeping Terri nourished, even if they are being administered in technological ways
21
Q
Embryo
A
-the first 8-10 weeks, the child in the womb is called an embryo
22
Q
Fetus
A
-after 10 weeks/embryonic stage, the child is called a fetus
23
Q
Excommunication
A
- A severe penalty that results from grave sin against Church law
- The penalty is either imposed by the church official or happens automatically as a result of the offense
- An excommunicated person is not permitted to celebrate or receive the Sacraments.
24
Q
Artificial Means of Conception
A
- The ability to create new human life artificially
- IVF
- Homologous Procedures
- Heterologous Procedures
- Artificial insemination
- Surrogacy
25
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
- creates a fertilized ovum in a lab and then implants it in a woman’s womb
- Very expensive- $12,000-$15,000 a single cycle
26
Homologous Procedures
- involved gametes from only the husband and wife
- EX: husband’s sperm is collected and introduced into wife’s reproductive tract
- They are permissible as long as they facilitate the sexual act
27
Heterologous Procedures
- involves a third party
- Sperm from donor or egg from donor
- Never morally permissible because:
- Husband and wife should create life through each other
- Using a donor sperm or egg breaks marriage commitment
- Children have right to know/be raised by biological parents
- Can cause family conflict
28
Artificial Insemination
-implants sperm into womb
29
Surrogacy
-placing a fertilized ovum from one woman into another and letting the baby grow inside her--biological parents keep baby.
30
According to St. Pope John Paul II’s encyclical, Gospel of Life,what are the root causes of our culture of death? Identify and provide two examples.
- Root Causes: False understanding of Freedom and Materialism that leads to selfishness
- Freedom=gift, not absolute right. It comes with responsibility
- Materialism= when God is not the center of your life~too busy about earthly possessions to take notice and care
- Examples: Abortion, Euthanasia, genocide, racism, terrorism, suicide, discarding of embryos
31
Reproductive Technology must respect...
- Right to Life and to Physical integrity from conception to death
- Unity of Marriage
- Spouses become parents only through each other
- Sanctity of Human Sexuality and Marriage- conception only through sex
32
What is the distinction between ordinary vs. extraordinary means? What is the thinking behind the Church’s teachings here?
- Ordinary-die on own without help
- ExtraO- acceptable because you are prolonging life or trying to relieve pain. You are not causing death
- Church=promote life until it’s last stage or final breath
- Trust in GOD
33
Euthanasia
-AKA Mercy Killing
-Offense against 5th C.
-God’s Law=killing no matter what the circumstance is murder
object=killing innocent person makes the action bad----sin!
-Violates human dignity/respect we owe to Creator
-Trust in God-for he has a plan for you~~
34
Assisted Suicide
- family/people help person die
| - Everyone involved in killing is guilty
35
What is the Church's teaching on suicide?
- Suicide: deliberately taking one’s own life. It is a serious violation of 5th C. God’s will we preserve our own lives.
- Always wrong but Church recognizes a person is not in their right state of mind
- God is loving and merciful
- Suicide is the rejection of God’s gifts of hope and love
36
What is the Church’s teaching on the death penalty? ID 2 classic arguments in support of it. Describe how the church teachings counter these pro-capital punishment arguments?
- "Rare, if not practically non-existent”
- Forbids use of it unless for rare circumstances
- When you ask if it is a rare case, you ask if society can protect itself. --Not how terrible to crime was
- EX: 9/11 Attack or Murder
- Church says to show mercy like Jesus
- If we want a culture of life, we must respect all human life even murderers and terrorists
- Show mercy and forgiveness
- Give sinners chance to repent
