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Toxi Lab > Test for Amphetamines > Flashcards

Test for Amphetamines Flashcards

1
Q

Dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate, methamphetamine are FDA approved substances used for

A

ADHD and narcolepsy

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2
Q

short-term adjunctive therapy for
exogenous obesity

A

Sibutramine

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3
Q

Routes of exposure of Amphetamine toxicity

A

● Ingestion
● Smoking
● Injection
● Insufflation

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4
Q

Sympathomimetic symptoms of Amphetamine toxicity

A

● Tachycardia (High HR)
● Hypertension (High BP)
● Diaphoresis (excess
sweating)
● Hyperthermia (High body
temp.)

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5
Q

CNS effects of Amphetamine toxicity

A

● Anxiety
● Agitation
● Hallucinations
● Psychosis

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6
Q

Amphetamine may cause Death due to

A

● Hyperthermia
● Cardiac arrhythmias
● Intracerebral hemorrhage

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7
Q

Onset of symptoms of Amphetamines

A

minutes to several hours

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8
Q

Amphetamine Duration of Toxicity

A

May last for more than 24 hours

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9
Q

Amphetamine’s mechanism of toxicity works through excessively stimulating the _______________ and __________ and ___________

A

central and peripheral alpha- and beta-adrenergic

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10
Q

Amphetamine works thru _______ (direct/indirect) alpha agonism

A

direct

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11
Q

Amphetamine inhibits the endogenous ____________ reuptake

A

catecholamine

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12
Q

Amphetamine’s Neurotoxicity is caused by

A

oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and
mitochondrial dysfunction

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13
Q

Other names for METHAMPHETAMINE

A

Shabu

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14
Q

Shabu is a CNS __________, avoid fatigue & increase productivity

A

Stimulant

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15
Q

Derivative of Shabu

A

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

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16
Q

Shabu (Metamphenamine):

Sympathomimetic

A

○ CNS stimulation
○ Hypertension
○ Arrhythmias
○ Seizures
○ Bruxism
○ Hyperthermia

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17
Q

Shabu (Metamphenamine):

Treatment

A

○ Ammonium chloride
○ Chlorpromazine/
Haloperidol,
Diazepam
○ Alpha blockers, Beta
blockers (labetalol &
carvedilol), Sodium
nitroprusside
○ Propranolol,
Lidocaine, Diazepam,
Phenytoin

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18
Q

ECSTASY iupac name

A

MDMA

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19
Q

MDMA/Ecstasy is a _______

A

Hallucinogen

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20
Q

Serve as false NT →
Releases catecholamines

A

MDMA/Ecstasy

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21
Q

Stimulates alpha & beta
receptors (similar to
amphetamine)

A

MDMA/Ecstasy

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22
Q

Inhibits MAO

A

MDMA/Ecstasy

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23
Q

Tx for MDMA/Ecstasy Toxicity includes

A

Labetalol, Sodium
nitroprusside, or
Nifedipine

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24
Q

Available as simple spot-test (kit)

A

Marquis Test

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25
Allows distinction between **amphetamine** and its **ring**-substituted analogues
Marquis Test
26
Formaldehyde and conc. H2SO4 mixture; methanol
Marquis Test
27
T/F: (+) Color in Marquis Test is substance dependent
True
28
Test for **Secondary** amines (2º) e.g., methamphetamine and secondary ring-substituted amphetamines, including Ecstasy (MDMA) and Eve (MDEA
Simon's Test
29
Must be supplemented by Marquis as other 2º amines e.g., diethylamine and piperidine may give similar colors
Simon’s Test
30
What are the 2º amines that give similar colors in Simon's test
diethylamine and piperidine
31
Simon's Test (+) color
Blue
32
○ Ephedrine ○ Pseudoephedrine ○ Norephedrine ○ Phenylpropanolamine ○ Methcathinone
Chen's Test
33
Chen's test is positive when
(+) Colored
34
Test for **Methylenedioxy**-substituted aromatic compounds and **Precursors** containing the methylenedioxy-substructure
Gallic Acid Test
35
Amphetamine is orange to brown at
Marquis (+)
36
Amphetamine shows no reaction to
Simon's and Chen's
37
Metamphetamine is Orange to Brown in
Marquis (+)
38
Methamphetamine is (+) in
Simon's test
39
Methamphetamine shows no reaction in
Chen's
40
MDMA and MDEA in Marqui's Test
Dark Blue/Black
41
MDMA and MDEA in Simon's
Positive
42
MDMA in Chen's
NR
43
MDEA in Chen's
Purple
44
What test do Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, Norephedrine show reaction to
+ Chen's (Yellow/orange)
45
Cathinone and Methcaninone in Marquis and Simon's
NR
46
Mescaline (1º amine) in Marquis' Test
Strong orange
47
LSD in Marquis Test
Olive black
48
Morphine in Marquis
Deep purplish Red
49
Cocaine in Marquis
NR
50
Uses antibodies to detect the presence of specific drugs or metabolites
IMMUNOASSAY
51
Large-scale screening through automation and rapid detection
Y ● Most common met
52
T/F: Immunoassay can give false positive results for same clas
True
53
Standard for confirmatory testing
GCMS
54
It is the most accurate, sensitive, and reliable method of testing
GCMS
55
If ingestion and patient presents within 1 hour of ingestion
Gastric Lavage/Single-dose activated charcoal
56
Gastric Lavage/Single-dose activated charcoal for infants < 1 year
10-25 g
57
Gastric Lavage/Single-dose activated charcoal for infants to children 1-12 years
25-50g
58
Gastric Lavage/Single-dose activated charcoal for children > 12 years and adults
25 to 100g
59
For Agitation, anxiety and psychosis give
benzodiazepine
60
for Psychosis unresponsive to benzodiazepine:
antipsychotics (haloperidol)
61
Pharmacologic Supportive Therapy for Hypertension
Benzodiazepines -> if unresponsive -> alpha-blocker, vasodilators, or beta blockers
62
Pharmacologic Supportive Therapy for Hyperthermia
Rapid crystalloid infusion
63
Pharmacologic Supportive Therapy for Hypotension
Fluid Replacement
64
Pharmacologic Supportive Therapy for Seizures
1st line: Benzodiazepines Additional agents: propofol, phenobarbital

Toxi Lab (6 decks)

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