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Test for thursday Flashcards

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1
Q

THE BODY

Separates the interior of the cell from outside environment

A

Cell Membrane

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2
Q

ORGANELLES

It is the protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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3
Q

THE BODY

Thin gel-like semitransparent fluid that is bounded by the plasma membrane and contains many organelles

A

Cytoplasm

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4
Q

ORGANELLES

Digests macromolecules and cellular respiratory by-products through phagocytosis

A

Lysosome

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5
Q

ORGANELLES

Breaks fatty acids and detoxifies alcohol

A

Peroxisome

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6
Q

ORGANELLES

Site of cellular respiration; Generates ATP

A

Mitochondria

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7
Q

ORGANELLES

It is an organelle after protein synthesis, it modifies stores, and sends proteins to specific destination

A

Golgi Apparatus

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8
Q

ORGANELLES

Is inside the nucleus, produces and assembles ribosomes

A

Nucleulus

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9
Q

ORGANELLES

Synthesis of Lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

ORGANELLES

Synthesis of proteins, repairs damages in plasma membrane

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

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11
Q

ORGANELLES

Contains genetic information and chromatin, DNA and RNA, and nuclear proteins which move freely in aqueous solution

A

Nucleus

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12
Q

ORGANELLES

involved in cell division; has genetic material required for cell to divide

A

Centrosome

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13
Q

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Found in eukaryotes; proteins that DNA winds around to create nucleosomes

A

Histone

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14
Q

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Basic Packaging unit of DNA, also a structural unit. Consists of length of DNA coiled around histones

A

Nucleosome

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15
Q

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Genetic structure that can replicate independently. Typically small circular DNA in cytoplasms of bacterium or protozoans

A

Plasmids

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16
Q

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Is what makes up chromosomes of eukaryotes. Consists of RNA and DNA

A

Chromatin

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17
Q

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Asexual form of reproduction; division of single entity into two or more parts

A

Binary fission

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18
Q

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Component of bacterial cell envelope and protects cell from bursting due to turgor. Forms around the cytoplasmic membrane

A

Peptidoglycan

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19
Q

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Enzyme responsible for maintenance of length of telomeres (Specific DNA proteins structures found at both ends of each chromosomes)

A

Telomerase

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20
Q

SPECIALIZED ORGANELLES

Locomotion of a cell, microscopic hair-like structures

A

Flagella

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21
Q

SPECIALIZED ORGANELLES

Proteinaceous, filamentous, polymeric organelles for mediations of cell-to-cell interactions, motility, and DNA uptake, helps cell attach to each other

A

Pili

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22
Q

SPECIALIZED ORGANELLE

primarily responsible for locomotion, either of the cell itself or fluids on cell surface

A

Cilia

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23
Q

SPECIALIZED ORGANELLES

to provide structural strength and support, and also provide a semi-permeable surface for molecules to pass in and out of the cell

A

Cell wall

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24
Q

SPECIALIZED ORGANELLES

Site of photosynthesis, converts solar energy to chemical energy

A

Chloroplast

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25
SPECIALIZED ORGANELLES responsible for the manufacturing and storing of food
Plastids
26
SPECIALIZED ORGANELLES Storage of waste products
Central Vacuole
27
CELL WALL Made of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin that has a thin and flexible layer
Primary cell wall
28
CELL WALL Pectin-rich; resists osmotic pressure
Middle Lamella
29
CELL WALL Made of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin Strengthens and waterproofs the wall
Secondary Cell wall
30
Consists of the unraveled condensed structure of DNA. regulate DNA replication and gene expression and protect the DNA from damage
Chromatin
31
Consists of the highest condensed structure of the DNA double-helix. Crucial role in the body by ensuring the proper storage and transmission of genetic information
Chromosome
32
Formed from the process of cellular respiration in the mitochondria of a cell
ATP
33
Occurs with oxygen and releases more energy but more slowly
Aerobic respiration
34
Occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly
Anaerobic respiration
35
Helps your body repair cells and make new ones. It is also important for growth and development
Protein
36
Smallest basic unit of life, structural, functional, biological unit of all living beings
Cell
37
This theory states that organisms are made of 1 or more cells, cell basic structural and functional unit of living organisms, cells arise from pre-existing cells
Classical Cell theory
38
The theory states that a living cell is surrounded by membrane that separates content from the outside, cells have genetic material encoded with its instructions for cell activities
Modern Cell theory
39
TYPE OF SOLUTION higher solute concentration outside the cell than inside
Hypertonic
40
TYPE OF SOLUTION same concentration of solutes both inside and outside the cell
Isotonic
41
TYPE OF SOLUTION Higher solute concentration inside the cell than outside
Hypotonic
42
SOLUTION TERMS amount of solute
Concentration
43
SOLUTION TERMS dissolved substance
Solute
44
SOLUTION TERMS mixture of 2 or more substances
Solution
45
SOLUTION TERMS gradual diff in concentration of solutes in a solution between 2 differences
Concentration Gradient
46
TRANSPORTATIONS In passive transport, it is the movement of particles from high to low concentration across a semipermeable membrane (without the use of proteins)
Simple diffusion
47
TRANSPORTATIONS In passive transport, it is the diffusion requiring channel and carrier proteins
Facilitated diffusion
48
TRANSPORTATIONS a protein in the cell membrane that helps move substances across the membrane by changing its shape.
Carrier proteins
49
TRANSPORTATIONS In passive transport, it is the movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a lower concentration of water molecules
Osmosis
50
TRANSPORTATIONS does not require any energy
Passive transport
51
TRANSPORTATIONS requires energy
Active transport
52
TRANSPORTATIONS In active transport, it directly uses chemical energy to transport all types of solutes across a membrane against their concentration gradient
Primary Transport
53
TRANSPORTATIONS In active transport, it is occurs after the activity of primary transport and it uses an electrochemical gradient
Secondary Transport
54
TRANSPORTATIONS Basically every type of tosis, which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle
Phagocytosis
55
TRANSPORTATIONS cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell
Endocytosis
56
TRANSPORTATIONS cellular process for moving large molecules out of the cell to the cell exterior
Exocytosis
57
TRANSPORTATIONS the ingestion of liquid
Pinocytosis
58
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES Present in all living organisms, involved in maintenance and metabolic processes, contain carbon
Biomolecules
59
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES this biomolecule is the main source of energy
Carbohydrates
60
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES In carbohydrates, it has a term called simple sugars, which has only one carbon atom double bonded to oxygen to form a carbonyl group
Monosaccharides
61
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES has 2 monosaccharides linked together, and its structure has a glucosidic linkage
Disaccharides
62
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES composed of very long chains of monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
63
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES this biomolecule is non polar, it also a long term energy storage and it is a lubricant, protection, and hormone precursors Ex: Steroids, Glycogen
Lipids
64
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES in lipids, it serves as an energy reserve for your body
Glycogen
65
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES main storage format for a lipid, has a composition of glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Triglycerides
66
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES In lipids, this steroid is a hormone that plays a role in both the male and female reproductive systems
Estrogen
67
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES In lipids, this steroid has the development and maintenance of typical masculine physical characteristics
Testosterone
68
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES in lipids, it is four fused rings of carbon with diff function groups attached
Steroids
69
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES Two types of fatty acids
Saturated and unsaturated
70
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES This fatty acid is straight in carbon links
Saturated
71
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES this fatty acid has another double bond
Unsaturated
72
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES Type of lipid that has tails of two fatty acid chains and a head that contains a phosphate group
Phospholipids
73
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES In lipids, it is a long chain of alcohol bonded to a fatty acid
Waxes
74
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES This biomolecule is used in transport of substances, recognition and receptor molecules, and hormones, composed of polymers
Proteins
75
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES in proteins, this protein function helps in framework and structural
Structural Protein
76
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES in protein, this protein function helps speed up cellular reaction
Enzymatic proteins
77
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES In protein, this protein function works in transport
Membrane transport protein
78
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES in protein, this protein function is the movement and the locomotion
Motile proteins
79
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES in protein, this protein function helps in limitation and regulation
Regulatory proteins
80
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES in proteins, this protein function facilitates chemical reaction
Receptor proteins
81
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES in protein, this protein function brings out changes in the body
Hormones
82
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES in protein, this protein function keeps immune system well
Antibodies
83
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES in protein, this protein function stores information and material
Storage proteins
84
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES in protein, these are antibodies that enter the body when injected
venoms and toxins
85
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES In protein structure, this is the sequence where amino acids form a polypeptide
Primary structure
86
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES In protein structure, it is produced by twists and turns of the amino acid chains
Secondary Structure
87
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES in protein structure, this is the folding of the amino acid chain, with its secondary structures
Tertiary Structure
88
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES in protein structures, this is the arrangement of polypeptide chains in a protein that is formed more than one
Quaternary Structure
89
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES In protein, these are substances that catalyze chemical reaction in a biological system
Enzymes
90
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES this biomolecule are large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses
Nucleic acids
91
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES in nucleic acids, these are linked into nucleic chains by covalent bonds between sugar and phosphate group
Nucleotides
92
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES this nucleic acid is genetic and heriditary information requisite for inherital trates
DNA
93
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES this nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids is a one carbon-nitrogen ring
Pyrimidines
94
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES this nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids is a two carbon-nitrogen ring
Purines
95
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES in nucleic acids, these link covalently to either deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA
nitrogenous bases
96
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES This nucleic acid has two nucleotide chains wrapped around each other in a spiral, it is also called a double stranded DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
97
CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES This nucleic acid exists largely as single polynucleotide chains, it also called a hybrid double helices
Ribonucleic acids

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