Test III

Question 1

Camillo Cavour

Answer 1

Prime Minister of Sardinia-Piedmont

• created nationalist society
• promoted economic advances

Question 2

Napoleon III

Answer 2

Leader of France 1851-1870

Question 3

Guiseppe Garibaldi

Answer 3

Leader of Red Shirt movement

• Preferred violent methods
• Invasion of Sicily & S. Italy
• Forces halted outside Rome

Question 4

Guiseppe Mazinni

Answer 4

Founder of Young Italy Society

-Preferred peaceful methods

Question 5

Richard Arkwright

Answer 5

Inventor of the Water Frame (1770)

• Spun multiple spools at once
• Cotton output soared

Question 6

James Watt

Answer 6

Inventor of Modern Steam Engine

• Separated condenser from piston & cylinder
• Can now be used for manufacturing

Question 7

Wilhelm I

Answer 7

King of Prussia

• Increased taxes & army
• Appointed Otto von Bismarck

Question 8

Karl Marx

Answer 8

"From each according to his ability, to each according to his need"
Authored Communist Manifesto- class struggle over the means of production & Bourgeoisie vs. Proletariat

Question 9

Friedrich Engles

Answer 9

Co-authored many works with Marx

Question 10

German Social Democrats

Answer 10

Banned by Bismarck

Question 11

Edward Bernstein

Answer 11

Evolutionary Socialism- radical socialism is wrong

English Labour Party came about on these principals

Question 12

George Stephenson

Answer 12

Inventor of the Locomotive

• social effects: increased mobility & urban workers
• economic effects: increase in capital goods investment

Question 13

Division of Labor for Women (Industrial Revolution)

Answer 13

Women

• Administrative, retail, schoolteachers, garment workers, domestic workers, and prostitution
• Cult of Domesticity

Question 14

Typical Jobs & Hobbies for Middle Class (Industrial Revolution)

Answer 14

Occupations-
Upper: owned businesses & banks
Middle: entrepreneurs & professionals
Lower: secretaries, retail clerks, bureaucrats
Hobbies-
Dinner parties with servants & formal clothing

Question 15

Typical Jobs & Hobbies for Working Class (Industrial Revolution)

Answer 15

(75-85% of population)
Occupations-
High: foreman & skilled artisans
Semi: carpenter & bricklayer
Unskilled: vendor & domestic servant
Hobbies-
Alcohol, sports, & tavern music

Question 16

Alexander II

Answer 16

Leader of Russia

• Legal Reform: communal peasant rule & education reform
• Assassinated by territorial revolutionaries (carriage)

Question 17

Alexander I

Answer 17

Abolished Serfdom

Question 18

Textile Mills

Answer 18

First Factories

-Possible as a result of industrialization & steam engine

Question 18

Decembrists’ Revolt

Answer 18

Confusion over successor

• Czar Alexander I dies
• Constantine refuses throne
• Nicholas becomes successor
• Army Officer’s refuse to serve “illegitimate” ruler (unaware of Constantine refusing the throne)

Question 19

Henry Cort

Answer 19

Improved iron smelting technique

Question 20

The Dual Monarchy in Austria-Hungary

Answer 20

Franz Joseph- Emperor

• United in finance, defense, & foreign affairs
• Conflict when Hungarians promote Magyar dominance (results in nationalism amongst factions)

Question 21

The Number 1 Industrial Power

Answer 21

Great Britain

• Strongest maritime power
• British establish trade empire over Dutch & French
• Deposits of coal & iron
• Stable government
• Free trade

Question 22

The Number 1 Industrialized Power- 1850+

Answer 22

Germany

Question 23

Russo-Japanese War- 1904-1905

Answer 23

• Japanese surprise attack on Port Arthur
• Both Russia’s Asian & European Fleet are destroyed
• Russia is defeated

Question 24

Vladimir Lenin

Answer 24

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Member of Russian Social Democratic Party Leader of Bolsheviks after split

Question 25

Houston Stewart Chamberlain

Answer 25

Authored Foundations of the Nineteenth Century | -Jews are the major enemy of European racial regeneration

Question 26

Arthur de Gobineau

Answer 26

Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races | -Scientific Racism

Question 27

Louis Philippe

Answer 27

Appointed King of France after Popular Revolt

Question 28

Charles X

Answer 28

Former count of Artois (led émigrés) | -becomes king after Louis 18 dies

Question 29

Thomas Malthus

Answer 29

Authored Essay on the Principle of Population | -Population explosion- dangers of population/food imbalance

Question 30

David Ricardo

Answer 30

Authored Principles of Political Economy | -The Iron Law of Wages- wages tend to subsistence level

Question 31

Great Reform Act

Answer 31

Redrawing of Voter Districts | -Promoted by Whigs in House of Commons

Question 32

William Gladstone

Answer 32

Introduced civil service exams (to GB) and secret ballots

Question 33

Benjamin Disraeli

Answer 33

Prime Minister of Great Britain | -Second Reform Act- expanded number of eligible voters

Question 34

Charles Darwin

Answer 34

Authored The Origin of the Species- 1859 -The Theory of Natural Selection & survival of the fittest Authored The Descent of Man- 1871 -Human beings' moral & religious sentiments evolved for survival

Question 35

Friedrich Nietzsche

Answer 35

``` Authored Thus Spake Zarathustra -Attacked Christianity & democracy -Übermensch- great warriors that stood out from "the sheep" -"God is dead" Authored Beyond Good & Evil -Good & Evil are social constructs Authored The Genealogy of Morals -Rejected Christian & middle-class values ```

Question 36

The Crimean War

Answer 36

Russia vs. Ottoman Turks, GB, & France - Russia invades Danubian principalities (Romania)- 1853 - British & French land on Crimea - Bloody trench warfare - Paris Peace Conference- 1856

Question 37

Otto von Bismarck

Answer 37

Prussian Statesman Kulturkampf- culture struggle Fired in 1890 by Wilhelm II

Question 38

al-Afghani

Answer 38

Promoted Pan-Islamism | -Unity of Muslim world against Western powers

Question 39

Qasim Amin

Answer 39

The Liberation of Women- 1899

Question 40

Muhammad Abduh

Answer 40

Integrated Islam & modern education

Question 41

The Decline of the Ottoman Empire

Answer 41

Russian aggression & Ottoman internal weakness- 18th century Serbia's local control- 1816 Greek independence- 1830 French take Algeria- 1830's Lack of well-trained, trustworthy officials