Test III Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
Nero
A
54-68 Julio-Claudian Mother Agripina ruled for son Introduced Greek Style to Rome failed assassinations in 55 and 56 66 moved to east Revolts in frontiers Suicide in 68 after Galba claims emperor
2
Q
Great Fire
A
64
Nero builds golden palace after
Blames Christians
3
Q
Boudicca’s Revolt
A
61
Last king of Icani died
Widow organized revolt
Setonius organized Roman suppression
4
Q
Judea Revolt
A
65
after procurate took money from temple
Vespasian sent to repress Revolt
5
Q
Year 69
A
2 Coups (Galba and Aulus Vitellus) 4 Emperors (Galba, Vitellus, Otho, Vespasian) 2 Major Battles (Battle of Bedriacum I and II)
6
Q
Videx the Gaul
A
68 attempted to oust Nero but defeated by Vergimus Rufus
7
Q
Galba
A
68 claims emperor
March on Rome
Killed by Preatorian Guard before facing Vitelus
8
Q
Aulus Vitelus
A
March on Rome 69 after army calls him emperor
Defeated Otho
Raped and pillaged his way to emperorship
9
Q
Otho
A
Thought of himself as son of Galba
Called emperor by preatorians
Defeated in 69 at Battle of Bedriacum by Vitelus
10
Q
Battle of Bedriacum
A
69
Vitelus vs Otho
Vitelus won
11
Q
Vespasian
A
Equstrian, military man 69-79 army calls him emperor Supported by Antonius Primus Took Rome after Battle of Bedriacum II Restored order (Revolt in Judea and NE Gaul) Benefical ideaology Took new census 73&74 expelled old senators and increased their number Defined power of princeps Co-ruled with son Titus
12
Q
Second Battle of Bedriacum
A
69
between Vespasian and Vitellus
Vespasian won
13
Q
Beneficial Ideaology
A
emperor was open handed and looked out for the people (bread and circuses and public works)
14
Q
Titus
A
79-81
Flavian
handed out aid
15
Q
Domitian
A
81-96
Flavian
ruled like autocrat
Kept father's advisers Aricola and Trajan
Roman citizenship to towns in Iberia
Starts Defense in Depth
expands empire to Britain
83 Campaign against Chatti
85 War with Dacian King
89 Revolt of L Antonius Saturninus
Raised pay of legions
93 Reign of terror against aristocracy
16
Q
Barbarian Tribes
A
Dacians, Macromani, Sarmatinas
17
Q
War on Danube
A
86-88
Against Decigalus, king of Dacians
Resolved by Negotiations >Rome recognizes kingship of Decigalus
18
Q
Delatores
A
People who pursued charges against others during Domitian’s Reign of Terror
19
Q
Nerva
A
96-98
Not Flavian
No Dynasty
Tried to erase Domitian from history
Alimente
adopted Trajan
solution to succession problem
20
Q
Alimente
A
Nerva’s social legislation
Poor could barrow money from emperor at reasonable intrest, which was payed back to the town to support poor children
beneficial ideology in action
21
Q
Trajan
A
98-117
New preatorian gaurd
Stated campaign against Dacians
Defeated Decigalus (became client king)
improved roads and built bridge across Danube
Annexes Dacia
Trajan’s forum (bascilica, 2 libraries, Trajan’s column)
consciliated senate
expanded alimenta
appointed curatores (fiscal managers) in cities
Attempted to conquer Parthia, but failed
22
Q
Defeat of Decigalus
A
101
23
Q
Dacian Revolt
A
105
Results in annexation and enslavement of Dacia
24
Q
Curatories
A
Trajan’s fiscal managers of cities
25
King Chosroes
King of Parthia who started aggression with Rome by placing relative as king in Armenia
26
Subjugation and annexation of Armenia
Trajan 114
27
Subjugation and annexation of Ninevah
Trajan 115
28
Failed conquest of Parthia
116
29
Jewish Revolt is Diaspora communities
116
30
Great division of the ancient world
City dwellers/civilized vs barbarians
31
la Tene cvilization
500 BC interior europe
| tribe people with aristocracy, hill forts, metal working, money and wheel pottery.
32
Barbarian lifestyle
agricultural, no towns and lose government. Illiterate
33
De Balo Gallico
51 BC Caesar's account of Germany through his campaign. Culture primitive to Celts, metal working, no money, no professional priesthood, human sacrifice. Farmers who lived in hamlets, mixed farmers (grains and animals). Bogs sacred spaces. Iron poor, main weapon was the spear, main tactic was the mass charge. Loose government. Did have war assembly. Good government meant they were good at war. War chiefs, but lead by committees. Basis of society was family which formed clans, dictating place in society.
34
Danube Frontier
Established by August to keep barbarians out of Balkans so they went to Germany and Holland
35
terra sigillata
luxury good found in Barbarian assemblages= barbarians like Roman consumerism
36
Tacitus's "Germanic"
98 AD
Germans and Romans traded (Germans trade cows and slaves for Roman goods), stated electing one or two leaders in time of war (comitatus), war band consolidated, increased warfare between Germans.
37
Basic unit of Roman economy
A city and its hinterlands, agriculture. Food united the unit- land transport expensive. City center of government.
38
Ancient manufacture
Ephemeral (mud, wood, fibers)
39
Main source of power
man power, had oxen (slow) and horse
40
transportation
primarily foot. Ships too, but kept shore in signt and docked for the night
41
Ancient diet
wheat, barely, spealt and wine
42
Coastal planes
Ancient world limited to these spaces. Dotted with cities.
43
Rome
about 1 mil people, 10x bigger than competator, had to use entirely of Med world to feed its people
44
Trade
primarily local, increased under Romans once they eliminated piracy, had no limitations on trade and Augustus started trade with India. Mast trade limited to city and its hinterlands.
45
Merchants
supplied luxury goods
| tried to shed trade as soon as possible to move up socially
46
Romanization
Spread of Roman culture to provinces, limited to west (divided into coast and interior). Occurred within elites. Disarmed new provinces, built roads, formed basis of new economies (province economy to support roman camps). two intersection streets with a form.
47
Gladiators
Not sure where it came from (funeral games or campiania). put on by aristocracy to curry favor with the populus. Slaves or free people who enroled in gladiator schools. Had to take special oath. First slaughter of exotic animals then gladiators in the afternoon.
48
Reigns of Hadrian and Pius
Peaceful on the frontier. beneficial ideology in action. Added equestrians to proconsul posts
49
Marcus Aurilius
```
161-180
Adopted by Pius
sent adopted brother Lucius Varius to Parthains in East
166 Danube frontier collapsed
dies on frontier
```
50
Audius Cecsius
invades Parthia in 164, annexes and defeats them in Northern Mesopotamia in 166
Soldiers brought back plague
51
Danubian Frontier collapse
166
Lack of soldiers? empty villages? people displaced by goths? Marcomanni Quadi and Sarmatians come over the Danube.
170 Germans penetrate Greece
52
Commodus
```
176-192
Aurelius's son
trained as gladiator and animal killer
not good government
192 Preatorian Perfect Laetus assassinates him
```
53
Pertinax
Emperor after Commodus
reformer
Killed by Praetorian Guard
54
Didius Jullius
Emperor after Perinax. Buys title
55
Civil War of 193
193-197
Septimus Severius marched on Rhine and claimed to be adopted by Auriuilus.
Fought Gauis Niger in East and killed him in 194 at Antioch.
Fought Albinus 197 at the battle of Lugdunum and won. Executed senators who supported his rivals
56
Septimus Severius
193-211
Civil War with Gauis Niger and Albinus.
197 war with Parthia and reannexes N Mesopotamia
Says emperor above he law because he makes the law
Popular politician (judges give equal treatment to poor and rich, increases army, promotions for legionaries, right to marry in service, raise pay and retirement). 211 died in Britain trying to put down revolt and conciliate his sons, Caracalla and Geta.
57
Rome in the 3rd Century
```
Decline
Severius's army reforms made the army more attractive and a force unto itself, giving it more power
Frontiers become more dangerous
Plauges
No emperor able to start dynasty after Severus
27 convincing emperors
16 died first
After 268 emperors were Balkan generals
Debased currency
Inflation (worst in frontiers)
Created bureaucracy
Population falls
Countryside abandoned
```
58
Caracalla
198-217
Killed brother Geta in 212
Granted everyone in empire citizenship
Assisinated in 217 by Preatorian Prefect Macrinus
59
Macrinus
217-218
| Murdered Caracalla, became emperor, then murdered himself
60
Elagabalus
```
218-222
Bastard son of Caracalla
From east
hereditary preist of Baal Emesa
15 years old
Preatorian Perfect killed him 222
```
61
Severus Alexander
222-35
Other bastard son
Julia Measa pretty much ran the empire
62
Maziminus Thrax
Emperor following Sverus Alexander
| born peasant
63
Gordian I, II and III
I and II proclaimed emperor in North Africa
| III named by senate, but died before successful march on Rome
64
2 unnamed emperors
During Gordian debacle
| both acknowledged by senate
65
Philip the Arab
244-46
| followed Gordian
66
Decius
249-51
67
Tribonian
followed Decius
68
Aemilius Aemilians
Ousted and killed Tribonian then killed by his own soldiers
69
Valerian
251-3
| fought Persians
70
Galienus
251-20
Son of Valerian
fractured empire
71
Sassanids
New Persian dynasty in 226
Overthrew Parthians, revived Zoroastrianism
Claimed Asia Minor, Jerusalem and Egypt
72
Alamanni
Tribes of Sout hEast Germay
73
Barracks Room Emperors
```
286
From upper Balkans
fruit of Septimus Severius's democratized army
These emperors could not control army
The government become the dominate
Fought against Barbarians
```
74
Munera
Gifts to towns from upper class. Displaced decurions, forcing the office to become an inherited possition
75
Gladius Gothicus
Defeated the goths and drove them from the Balkans in the 260's
76
Aurelian
25
withdrew from Dacia to better protect the Balkans
Ended independent state of the Gauls and Palmyra
77
Probus
277
Drove barbarians from Gual and Balkans
restored government unity
78
Diocleation
```
384-305
Couldn't trust army
run away inflation
barbarian threat
reorganized Roman empire
Ruled from Nicodemia
Instituted Tetrachy
makes military service hereditary and draft
military state
land asses in jugum (what it produced)
Estimated a budget
Failed 302 price controls
Tied peasants to land
Created state workshops for army and state goods
```
79
First Tetrarchy
Domitian (East) and Maximian (West)
Galerius (East) and Constantus (West)
bureaucratic state divided into 100 provinces and 12 dioceses
80
Battle of the Milvian Bridge
312 Constantine vs. Maxentius
| Constantine becomes emperor of West
81
Licinius
Emperor of East
82
First War with Licinius
316
| Ends in Peace agreement
83
Second War with Licinius
324
Constantine reunited the empire
rebuilds Byzantium as Constantinopal
84
Council of Nicea
325
85
Constantine army reforms
Divides troops into comentatus and liminiati
| masters of foot and horse
86
Constantine moral legislation
326
no concubines for married men
women limited in divorce
87
Julian
```
Constantius' caesar
Emperor 360
Stripped church of privilege
reopened temples
proposed pagan priesthood
363 campaign against Persia
```
88
Jovian
followed Julian
89
Valentinian
Co-emperor with Valens
previously peasants
tried to lighten their burden
90
Battle of Adrianople
378
| Valens versus the Visigoths
