Test March 4th Hydrocarbons Flashcards
(30 cards)
Whats a hydrocarbon
A compound of Hydrogen and carbon
Why are alkanes saturated
They contain only single bonds
Name the first 3 alkanes
Methane
Ethane
Propane
What is the process used to separate crude oils?
Fractional Distillation
What are biofuels
Fuel made from plant matter
Give 2 examples of biofuels
Ethanol and Biodiesel
What are some advantages of using biofuels instead of fossil fuels?
Less pollution
Renewable
Uses plant waste
What are particulates?
Small solid particles of soot and unburnt hydrocarbons
What type of bonding occurs in alkanes?
Covalent
What is the reaction between an element and oxygen to form an oxide?
Oxidation
What dangerous gas is produced when a fuel burns in a limited supply of oxygen? And why is it dangerous?
Carbon monoxide because it stops the flow of oxygen in the blood
What is produced when an alkane is burnt
Carbon dioxide and water
Why are carbon dioxide and water produced when an alkane burns?
The hydrogen and carbon in the fuel react with oxygen in the air
Describe how fractional distillation can be used to separate crude oil?
Crude oil is evaporated
Gases condensed at different temps
Larger molecules collect first at the base with higher temperatures
How do we test for carbon dioxide and water?
Carbon Dioxide: Using Limewater
Copper Sulfate: Copper Sulfate/ chromatogrophy
What is a shortened structural formula and a molecular formula
Shortened Eg. CH³ CH² CH² CH³
Molecular Eg. C⁴H¹⁰
What do we call each of the separated liquids in fractional Distillation?
Fractions
Where are small molecules found in fractional Distillation?
At the top
Where are molecules with high boiling points found in a fractional column
At the bottom
Where are molecules with high flammability found?
At the top
Where are dark coloured products found in a fractional column
At the bottom
What is a homologous series?
A series of compounds that have similar chemical properties and the same general formula
What is an isomer?
Molecules with the same molecular formulae but different structures
What is the General formula for AlkANES?
CnH2n+2
