Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

pass care > test one > Flashcards

test one Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

what are the 3 stages of healing

A 
1 inflammation (hours to days) 
2 repair (Days to weeks) 
3 remodeling (weeks to months)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

what are the 4 stages of healing in order

A 
1 hemostasis (seconds to min)
2 inflammatory (hours to days)
3 proliferation (weeks to months)
4 remodeling  Months to years)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the celsus signs of inflammation

A

heat - calor
redness - rubor
swelling - tumor
pain - dolor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the inflammatory phase

A

AKA acute phase

immediate to a few days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the purpose for the inflammatory phase

A
  • defend against foreign intruders
  • removing damaged tissue and debris
  • immobilize area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the characteristics of the inflammation stage

A

vasodilation
increased capillary permeability
phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

can to much inflammation be bad

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is secondary enzymatic injury

A

to much inflammation that will cause

  • lysosomal enzymes released
  • not specific
  • healthy tissue is damaged
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is secondary hypoxia injury

A

to much inflammation that will cause

  • hemorrhage, clotting, edema, spasm, hematoma
  • these lead to decreased O2 nutrition
  • damage to surrounding uninjured tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the goal in the inflammatory phase

A

limit extent of inflammation
-only small amount of inflammation is needed
-non-damaged tissue needs protection
goal = preserve ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how long does the acute phase last in each grade of an ankle sprain

A

grade 1 1-3 days
grade 2 2-4 days
grade 3 3-7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is another name for proliferative phase

A

repair phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what type of cells are present on the proliferative phase

A

fibroblasts
chondroblasts
osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what kinda extracellular matrix is used in the proliferative phase

A

type III collagen

  • weak
  • disorganized
  • beginning cross-link
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 2 mechanoreceptors for pressure and touch

A

meissner’s corpuscles

pacinian corpuscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the 2 mechanoreceptors for skin stretch/ pressure

A

merkle cells

ruffini endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what proprioceptors are for change in muscle length and spindle tension

A

golgi tendon organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what proprioceptors are for the change in joint position

A

pacinian corpuscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what proprioceptors are for joint end range, possible heat

A

ruffini endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what nociceptors are for pain

A

free nerve endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how long does the proliferation phase last in each grade of ankle sprain

A

grade 1 2-4 days
grade 2 3-5 days
grade 3 4-8 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the goal of the proliferation phase

A 
decrease swelling 
decrease pain 
encourage and increase proliferation 
increase pain free ROM 
begin non-weight bearing propriceptive training 
provide protective support as needed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is another name for remodeling phase

A

maturation phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what happens in the remodeling phase

A

decrease of blood vessels
type III collagen replaced by type I
collagen aligns along stress lines
cross-linking continues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
how long does an ankle sprain last in the remodeling phase
grade 1 1 week grade 2 2 weeks grade 3 3 weeks
25
what is the effects of electrical stimulation
``` decrease pain decrease muscle spasm reduce edema stimulate exercise by muscle contraction stimulate healing ```
26
what is ohm's law
V= I*R
27
what is monophasic current
AKA galvanic current flow in one direction unique positive and negative electrodes DC
28
what is Biphasic current
``` AC -flow of electrons change direction regularly - wave form - symmetrical - asymmetrical - net charge -shape JUST LOOK THIS SHIT UP ON PAGE 8 ```
29
what is phase duration
time it takes current to leace the isoelectric line to when it returns to this line - biphasic two phase duration for each pulse - monophasic phase duration and pulse duration are the same
30
what does tissue respond to (Phase duration or pulse duration)
Phase duration
31
what is rheobase
minimum amplitude needed to depolarize a nerve fiber when phase duration is infinite
32
what is chronaxie
the time (or phase duration) required to depolarize a nerve fiber when the peak current is twice rheobase
33
i would just look over electrode consideration one or two more time before the test
this will be on pages 13-14
34
what is the goal of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)
is to stimulate ALPHA motor neurons causing a strong muscle contraction
35
what are the primary indications for NMES
- retrain lost muscle function from inhibition following injury - decrease muscle atrophy from periods of immobilization
36
what are the secondary indication for NMES
decrease muscle spasm
37
what are the currents used for NMES
Russian current biphasic pulsed current interferential
38
what is Interferential current used for
pain | increase circulation
39
in IF current what does it mean when you have 100 Bps
all that is if you take the difference between the 2 sin waves give you the Bps
40
what type of patten is created by the use of IF
a cloverleaf pattern | it is the most intense where currents cross
41
what is premodulated current
this is a IF but interference occurs in machine not the body
42
what is premodulated used for
good for one muscle or muscle group
43
what is a vector scan
this uses true IF current and varies the amplitude between the channels (the pads) to make the cloverleaf pattern rotate for a larger treatment area
44
what is stereodynamic IF
this is the use of 3 channels, 6 electrodes, and this will make a 3d interference pattern = 6 petal flower shape
45
what are some of the risks of IF
``` skin irritation diathermy devices (10 feet) ```
46
what are the parameter settings for IF
``` treatment frequency - acute high setting 80-150 - chronic low 1-15 - subacute 1-150 treatment time 15-20 min amplitude - patient comfort ```
47
what are the indications for the use of Russian stimulation
muscle re-education retard atrophy muscle strengthening decrease muscle spasm through fatigue
48
what type of pattern does Russian use
it uses duty cycles (on/off) to cause muscle contraction for muscle strengthening
49
what is the burst frequency of russian
50 Hz
50
what type of burst frequency do you use russian for if it was for muscle strengthening
10 sec on / 50 sec off | this is used for retard atrophy, retrain muscle
51
what type of burst frequency do you use russian for muscle spasm
10 sec on / 10 sec off this will overstimulate the muscle to fatigue it out
52
where do you put the electrode when using russain
ALWAYS along fibers of the same muscle of muscles groups
53
what is reciprocal russain stim
this is when you have 2 channels for the agonist an antagonist muscles. they are both going to be 10/50 and the second channel will kick on when the first channel stops.
54
what are some of the risks for russian stim
``` skin irritation electronic interference fragile skin fainting, nausea, skin rash, swelling, pain muscle damage from to much stimulation ```
55
what is the intensity for russian
patient tolerance
56
what is high-voltage pulsed current used for
use of surface electrical current for enhancing soft-tissue repair and healing (wound healing or dispersal of edema)
57
what are some other names for High Volt
electro galvanic stimulation high volt galvanic stimulation high volt pulsed stimulation
58
what does high volt indicates voltage
>150 V up to 500
59
what does high volt waves look like
must have twin peak monophasic (DC) current
60
what are the benefits to high volt
allows deeper penetration | twin peaks does not allow small sensory fibers to be stimulated
61
what is microcurrent therapy
this is when your stimulus is in the microamperage range this means the peak os below rheobase of A-beta afferent fibers ( this means that you are not going to feel anything because no depolarization takes place

pass care (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions