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Voice Disorders > Test One > Flashcards

Test One Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Three definitions of ‘voice’

A
  • the sound produced by the vocal organs of a vertebrae
  • expiration of air through vibrating vocal folds
  • an element of speech that provides the speaker with the vibratory signal
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2
Q

Voice disorder definition

A

Abnormal voice quality resulting from anatomic, physiologic, or psychogenic causes

  • voice that draws attention to itself
  • voice that doesn’t meet individuals needs
  • voice complaints
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3
Q

Resonance disorder

A

An individual’s inability to adequately modify the sound generated by the vocal folds by selecting enhancing certain frequencies and damping others

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4
Q

SLP’s role with voice disorders

A
  1. Evaluation of laryngeal and resonance function
  2. Work with other members of voice or craniofacial team
  3. Identify and facilitate modification
  4. Develop therapy plan to remediate voice/resonance problem
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5
Q

Larynx

A

Space between third and sixth cervical vertebrae

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6
Q

What three things do we need to voice?

A

Respiration, phonation, resonation

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7
Q

Resonance definition

A

Occurs when sound is reinforced or prolonged off another structure

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8
Q

Cartilages of the larynx

A
  • provides laryngeal framework
  • supports and protects tissue
  • nearly as strong as steel
  • provides leverage to transmit muscle forces
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9
Q

Five cartilages of the larynx

A

Thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, corniculate and cuniforms, epiglottis

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10
Q

Laryngomalacia

A
  • soft cartilages
  • reduction in stiffness
  • laryngeal stridor
  • laryngeal aditus constricted
  • typical in children
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11
Q

Two types of laryngeal cartilages

A

Hyaline and elastic

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12
Q

Hyoid bone tongue attachment

A

Glossoepiglottic ligament

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13
Q

Cricothyroid joint

A

Allows thyroid cartilage to move up and down

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14
Q

Five intrinsic laryngeal muscles

A

Interarytenoids, lateral cricoarytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, cricothyroid, thyroarytenoid

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15
Q

Thyroarytenoid

A

Shortens vocal folds when it contracts

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16
Q

Two sections of thyroarytenoid

A

Thyrovocalis: tenses vocal folds when it contracts
Thyromuscularis: relaxes vocal folds when it contracts

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17
Q

Posterior cricoarytenoid

A

It abducts the vocal folds by moving the muscular process medially and rotating the vocal process laterally

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18
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoid

A

Upon contraction, it adducts the vocal folds by moving the muscular process posterior and laterally and the vocal process medially

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19
Q

Cricothyroid

A

Brings thyroid and cricoid closer, thus tensing the vocal folds

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20
Q

Inter arytenoids

A

Tense the vocal folds

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21
Q

Four suprahyoid muscles

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A

Digastric, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, geniohyoid

22
Q

Digastric connection and function

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A

Jaw and hyoid

Pulls hyoid Forward/back and up

23
Q

Mylohyoid

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A

Elevates floor or mouth and tongue

24
Q

Stylohyoid

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A

Styloid process of temporal bone and hyoid

Pulls hyoid up and back

25
Geniohyoid
Raises hyoid and floor of the mouth during swallowing
26
Infrahyoid muscles
Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid
27
Sternohyoid
Hyoid and sternum Depresses the hyoid bone
28
Sternothyroid
Sternum and thyroid Depresses the larynx
29
Omohyoid
Depresses hyoid bone
30
Thyrohyoid
Moves hyoid bone closer to thyroid
31
Laryngeal cavity
Cricoid to the laryngeal aditus
32
Glottal membranes
Conus elasticus: connects thyroid and cricoid Quadrangular membrane: connects epiglottis, thyroid, arytenoids, corniculate
33
Three folds of the larynx
Aryepiglottic, ventricular, vocal folds
34
Aryepiglottic folds
Arytenoids cartilages and lateral margin of the epiglottis
35
Ventricular folds
Thyroid anteriorly and arytenoids posteriorly
36
Laryngeal ventricles
Depression between vocal folds and ventricular folds
37
Two parts of the vocal folds
Membranous: part that vibrates Cartilaginous: attachment sight for the arytenoids
38
Thee parts of the vocal folds layers plus the five layers
Cover: epithelium and superficial LP Ligament: intermediate and deep LP MUSCLE
39
Basement membrane zone
Transitional area between epithelium and superficial layer
40
What part of the layers do the nodules occur in
BMZ or superficial LP
41
Deeper in th propria....
Elasticity drops and collagen grows
42
Who has more hyaluronic acid
Males
43
Why is the vocal ligament important?
Absorbs stress from vibration during high pitches
44
What do scarred vocal folds sound like
Strained, harsh, hoarse, breathy
45
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Supply subglottic sensation, motor to intrinsic muscles
46
Superior laryngeal nerve
Sensation to laryngeal mucosa, middle of laryngeal cavity, superior surface of the vocal folds
47
Length of newborn vocal folds
2.5 to 3.0 mm
48
Differences between young and old larynx
Vocal fold bowing Prominence of vocal process Tremor of the laryngeal structures Poor mucosal wave excursion
49
Flow definition
Movement of quantity of gas through the glottis
50
Laryngeal airway resistance
Subglottic air pressure / air flow Low: wide open glottis High: air tight closed glottis
51
Vibratory cycle
1. Vocal folds addict 2. Air pressure rises and overcomes LAR 3. Bottom, middle, then upper vocal fold blown apart 4. Intraglottal pressure pushes vocal folds fully apart 5. Intraglottal pressure decreases quickly 6. Drop causes vocal folds to recoil
52
Bernoulli principle
Faster the flow, lower the pressure

Voice Disorders (1 decks)

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