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Voice Disorders > Test One > Flashcards

Test One Flashcards

1
Q

Three definitions of ‘voice’

A
  • the sound produced by the vocal organs of a vertebrae
  • expiration of air through vibrating vocal folds
  • an element of speech that provides the speaker with the vibratory signal
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2
Q

Voice disorder definition

A

Abnormal voice quality resulting from anatomic, physiologic, or psychogenic causes

  • voice that draws attention to itself
  • voice that doesn’t meet individuals needs
  • voice complaints
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3
Q

Resonance disorder

A

An individual’s inability to adequately modify the sound generated by the vocal folds by selecting enhancing certain frequencies and damping others

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4
Q

SLP’s role with voice disorders

A
  1. Evaluation of laryngeal and resonance function
  2. Work with other members of voice or craniofacial team
  3. Identify and facilitate modification
  4. Develop therapy plan to remediate voice/resonance problem
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5
Q

Larynx

A

Space between third and sixth cervical vertebrae

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6
Q

What three things do we need to voice?

A

Respiration, phonation, resonation

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7
Q

Resonance definition

A

Occurs when sound is reinforced or prolonged off another structure

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8
Q

Cartilages of the larynx

A
  • provides laryngeal framework
  • supports and protects tissue
  • nearly as strong as steel
  • provides leverage to transmit muscle forces
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9
Q

Five cartilages of the larynx

A

Thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, corniculate and cuniforms, epiglottis

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10
Q

Laryngomalacia

A
  • soft cartilages
  • reduction in stiffness
  • laryngeal stridor
  • laryngeal aditus constricted
  • typical in children
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11
Q

Two types of laryngeal cartilages

A

Hyaline and elastic

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12
Q

Hyoid bone tongue attachment

A

Glossoepiglottic ligament

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13
Q

Cricothyroid joint

A

Allows thyroid cartilage to move up and down

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14
Q

Five intrinsic laryngeal muscles

A

Interarytenoids, lateral cricoarytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, cricothyroid, thyroarytenoid

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15
Q

Thyroarytenoid

A

Shortens vocal folds when it contracts

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16
Q

Two sections of thyroarytenoid

A

Thyrovocalis: tenses vocal folds when it contracts
Thyromuscularis: relaxes vocal folds when it contracts

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17
Q

Posterior cricoarytenoid

A

It abducts the vocal folds by moving the muscular process medially and rotating the vocal process laterally

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18
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoid

A

Upon contraction, it adducts the vocal folds by moving the muscular process posterior and laterally and the vocal process medially

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19
Q

Cricothyroid

A

Brings thyroid and cricoid closer, thus tensing the vocal folds

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20
Q

Inter arytenoids

A

Tense the vocal folds

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21
Q

Four suprahyoid muscles

A

Digastric, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, geniohyoid

22
Q

Digastric connection and function

A

Jaw and hyoid

Pulls hyoid Forward/back and up

23
Q

Mylohyoid

A

Elevates floor or mouth and tongue

24
Q

Stylohyoid

A

Styloid process of temporal bone and hyoid

Pulls hyoid up and back

25
Q

Geniohyoid

A

Raises hyoid and floor of the mouth during swallowing

26
Q

Infrahyoid muscles

A

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid

27
Q

Sternohyoid

A

Hyoid and sternum

Depresses the hyoid bone

28
Q

Sternothyroid

A

Sternum and thyroid

Depresses the larynx

29
Q

Omohyoid

A

Depresses hyoid bone

30
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

Moves hyoid bone closer to thyroid

31
Q

Laryngeal cavity

A

Cricoid to the laryngeal aditus

32
Q

Glottal membranes

A

Conus elasticus: connects thyroid and cricoid

Quadrangular membrane: connects epiglottis, thyroid, arytenoids, corniculate

33
Q

Three folds of the larynx

A

Aryepiglottic, ventricular, vocal folds

34
Q

Aryepiglottic folds

A

Arytenoids cartilages and lateral margin of the epiglottis

35
Q

Ventricular folds

A

Thyroid anteriorly and arytenoids posteriorly

36
Q

Laryngeal ventricles

A

Depression between vocal folds and ventricular folds

37
Q

Two parts of the vocal folds

A

Membranous: part that vibrates
Cartilaginous: attachment sight for the arytenoids

38
Q

Thee parts of the vocal folds layers plus the five layers

A

Cover: epithelium and superficial LP
Ligament: intermediate and deep LP
MUSCLE

39
Q

Basement membrane zone

A

Transitional area between epithelium and superficial layer

40
Q

What part of the layers do the nodules occur in

A

BMZ or superficial LP

41
Q

Deeper in th propria….

A

Elasticity drops and collagen grows

42
Q

Who has more hyaluronic acid

A

Males

43
Q

Why is the vocal ligament important?

A

Absorbs stress from vibration during high pitches

44
Q

What do scarred vocal folds sound like

A

Strained, harsh, hoarse, breathy

45
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

Supply subglottic sensation, motor to intrinsic muscles

46
Q

Superior laryngeal nerve

A

Sensation to laryngeal mucosa, middle of laryngeal cavity, superior surface of the vocal folds

47
Q

Length of newborn vocal folds

A

2.5 to 3.0 mm

48
Q

Differences between young and old larynx

A

Vocal fold bowing
Prominence of vocal process
Tremor of the laryngeal structures
Poor mucosal wave excursion

49
Q

Flow definition

A

Movement of quantity of gas through the glottis

50
Q

Laryngeal airway resistance

A

Subglottic air pressure / air flow

Low: wide open glottis
High: air tight closed glottis

51
Q

Vibratory cycle

A
  1. Vocal folds addict
  2. Air pressure rises and overcomes LAR
  3. Bottom, middle, then upper vocal fold blown apart
  4. Intraglottal pressure pushes vocal folds fully apart
  5. Intraglottal pressure decreases quickly
  6. Drop causes vocal folds to recoil
52
Q

Bernoulli principle

A

Faster the flow, lower the pressure

Voice Disorders (1 decks)

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