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test one Flashcards

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1
Q

qualitive analysis

A

determines what is in a sample

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2
Q

quantitive analysis

A

determines how much is present

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3
Q

aliquot

A

portion of a sample

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4
Q

standard solution

A

a solutions whose composition is known accurately

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5
Q

analyte

A

the substance being measured

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6
Q

supernatant

A

a liquid remaining above a solid after precipitation

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7
Q

slurry

A

a suspension of a solid in a solvent

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8
Q

aqueous

A

in water

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9
Q

sample

A

a portion of material used for analysis

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10
Q

matrix

A

all substances found within a material

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11
Q

chemical analysis order

A
  1. formulate the question
  2. select an analytical procedure
  3. sampling
  4. sampling preparation
  5. analysis
  6. report and interpretations
  7. draw conclusions
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12
Q

Random Heterogeneous

A

divide the material into segments and use a table of random numbers to then collect random segments of the material

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13
Q

Formulating the question

A

general questions to specific questions to be answered through chem.measurements

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14
Q

selecting analytical procedures

A

find or create appropriate procedures to make required measurements

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15
Q

sampling

A

selecting representative material to analyze

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16
Q

sample preparation

A

converting a sample into a form suitable for analysis

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17
Q

analysis

A

measuring the concentration of analyte in several identical aliquots

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18
Q

reporting and interpreting

A

deliver a clearly written complete report of your results

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19
Q

drawing conclusions

A

analyst not involved with is done with info

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20
Q

segregated heterogeneous

A

Take a representative amount from each region of the material that has distinctly different compositions

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21
Q

Fundamental Si units

A

kilogram,meter,second,ampere (current)

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22
Q 
deci
centi
milli
micro
nano
pico
A 
10^-1
10^-2
10^-3
10^-6
10^-9
10^-12
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23
Q

tera
giga
mega

A

10^12
10^9
10^6

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24
Q

molarity

A

number of moles of a substance per liter of solution

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25
molality
moles of solute per kilogram of solvent
26
formal concentration
the total concentration of all species in a solution for a given substance (g/molecular weight)/ liters
27
weight percent
(mass of solute/mass of solution)x100
28
volume percent
(volume of solute/volume of solution)x100
29
ppm | ppb
parts per million-an expression concentration denoting micrograms (10^-6) part per billion- an expression concentration denoting nanograms (10^-9)
30
dilution formula
MconxVcon=MdilxVdil
31
buret
read the height of liquid TD(to deliver) wash buret with soln eliminate bubbles, drain slowly, read meniscus to 1/10, parallax
32
volumetric flasks
TC (to contain)
33
analytical balance
Mass on the pan pushes down load receptor attached to parallel guides
34
pipets
``` use rubber bulb discard first two pipet volumes such up a third past 10 ml replace bulb with index finger place tip against beaker and drain touch tip to the side of recieving vessel do not blow last drop drain by gravity ```
35
filtration
a porous glass funnel is commonly used and filter paper is used inside
36
calibration
process of measuring that actual quantity that corresponds to an indicated quantity
37
is there error in every measurement
yes
38
systematic error(determinate error)
it can be detected and fixed due to flaw in equipment can be either positive or negative
39
Random error (indeterminate error)
can not be detected or corrected equally positive or negative, from reading scale, statistical variation
40
relative uncertainty
absolute uncertainty/magnitude of measurement
41
percent relative uncertainty
relative uncertaintyx100
42
precision
reproducibility from replicate measurements of one method
43
accuracy
agreement of several different methods
44
sig figs for addition and subtraction
highest place value ex 1.23+1.5=2.7
45
sig figs for multiplication and division
number with the fewest sig figs
46
mantissa
number after characteristic in logs 2.53019 | mantissa=.53019
47
sig figs for logs
amount of number in log ex. log 339=2.530
48
uncertainty in add/subr
sqrt of sum of squares of absolute uncertainties
49
multiplication and division
convert absolute uncertainty to percent relative uncertainty then do the sqrt of the sum
50
for mixed operations
first convert to % uncertainty both numerator and denominator then calculate percent uncertainty and lastly absolute uncertainty
51
Gausian curve formula
a=x-position of the peak, or average value | B: related to width of the curve.
52
gaussian percentages
68. 3% of area under curve within the boundaries of A±1B. 95. 5% of area under curve within the boundaries of A±2B. 99. 7% of area under curve within the boundaries of A±3B.
53
Gaussian distriution
If an experiment is repeated a great many times and if the errors are purely random, then the results tend to cluster symmetrically about the average value. The more times the experiment is repeated, the more closely the results approach an ideal smooth curve
54
standard mean
μis the population (infinite set of data) mean. formula= sum/ times
55
standard deviation
σis the population (infinite set of data) standard deviation.The standard deviation measures how closely the data are clustered about the mean. formula=sqrt of sum of differences divided by degrees of freedom
56
degrees of freedom
trials minus one n-1
57
coefficient of variation
SD/meanx100
58
variance
SD^2
59
confidence interval
formula=mean plus or minus TS/sqrt n
60
F test
S1^2/S2^2
61
fcalc> | fcalc
different | not different

quant analysis (1 decks)

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