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Motion and Static Palpation > Test one review > Flashcards

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1
Q

Order of examination

A

inspection, instrumentation, static palpation, motion palpation, X-ray

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2
Q

can the order of examination vary?

A

yes, if patient is in acute pain then static palpations preferred over dynamic

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3
Q

Inspection categories

A

changes in posture/gait, changes in color, changes in symmetry, presence of scars/ lesions

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4
Q

what are the most important aspects of visual inspection

A

changes in posture and gait

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5
Q

every inch of anterior head translation equates to how many pounds

A

10lbs

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6
Q

what does posture reflect

A

the interrelationship of structural architecture

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6
Q

signs of scoliosis

A

uneven shoulders, uneven hips, curve in spine

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6
Q

does the shape and articulations of the bone affect posture

A

yes

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6
Q

what is important in the biomechanical function and efficiency of a joint

A

posture

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7
Q

what can affect the epiphyseal growth rates in a growing skeleton

A

asymmetrical loads on the bone

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7
Q

hyperemia (red response)

A

superficial vascular response of vasodilation due to digital palpation OR local autonomic system dysfunction secondary to VSC in that area

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8
Q

Heuter- Volkmann (HV) law

A

increased pressure across the growth plate inhibits vertical growth and decreased pressure accelerates growth

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9
Q

constant asymmetrical postural loads on the vertebral segments will lead to what

A

dysfunction

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9
Q

what can changes in color indicate

A

area of trauma, inflammation, lack of circulation

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10
Q

symmetry

A

hair, musculature, condition, slope, contour of the skin

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11
Q

Static Palpation

A

TEM
temperature, edema, musculature

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12
Q

motion palpation

A

evaluates 6 cardinal ranges of motion for a joint (predominantly from (L5-C2)

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13
Q

what does motion palpation evaluate

A

whether the ligament is normal through the use of joint play

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14
Q

joint play

A

the end feel spring of a joint

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15
Q

what does loss of joint play indicate

A

presence of scar tissue, swelling of the capsule, bony changes within that space

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16
Q

positional dyskinesia

A

misalignment of one vertebra on another caused by micro or macro trauma

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17
Q

microtrauma

A

degenerative processes on soft tissue that occur over time
ex: gravity, handedness

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18
Q

macro trauma

A

sudden forces acting on the body that exceed the limitations of the tissue
ex: falls, accidents, blows to the body

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19
Q

fixation dysfunction

A

implies abnormal motion characteristics are present

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20
ligaments function
to maintain normal physiological ranges of motion, protect the spinal cord, transfer tensile forces from one bone to another, attach bone to bone
21
how are ligaments organized
collagen fibers are organized longitudinally in the direction the tensile forces are applied
22
what do fibrous adhesions do to ligaments
compromise the integrity and function
23
what are the types of ligaments
continuous and segmental
24
what is the elastic barrier
resists further movement of the joint, when the tissue has been stretched to its maximum,
25
what is an example of a continuous ligament
PLL, ALL
26
what is an example of a segmental ligament
inter-transverse ligaments
27
who can test joint play
only the examiner
28
a decrease in joint play will have what effect on the ROM
decrease ROM
29
active range of motion
evaluates the integrity of the muscles (STRAIN)
30
passive range of motion
evaluates the integrity of the ligaments, joint capsules, disc (SPRAIN)
31
fixation
loss of one or more ranges of motion in the joint
32
subluxation
fixation plus nerve interference
33
inspect for ?
level
34
palpate for ?
tone
35
causes for changes in the level of the gluteal folds
postural changes dye to repetitive action or scoliosis, PI/AS ilium, lumbar innervation issues due to subluxations or disc herniations, hypertrophy due to activities (cerebral dominance, work, sports)
36
static palpation of pelvis
T-temperature E- edema (above and below PSIS as well as medial border) M- musculature (tone of gluteal muscles)
37
ilium flexion
PSIS move posterior, inferior, medial
38
ilium extension
PSIS move anterior, superior, lateral
39
sacral extension
counter nutation sacral base moves posterior and superior
40
what do we feel in lab when the sacrum is in extension
S2 and S4 move posterior and inferior
41
sacral flexion
nutation sacral base moves anterior and inferior
42
what do we feel in lab when the sacrum is in flexion
S2 and S4 anterior and superior
43
when does nutation occur
sacral flexion, when sitting or forward bending
44
when does counternutation occur
sacral extension, standing
45
what influences the upper SI joint
the weight of the upper body transferred through the lumbosacral joint
46
what influences the lower SI joint
ground forces ascending from the lower extremities via the head of the femur
47
SI fixation at any degree inhibits what
compensatory torsion capacity of the spinal segments
48
what happens to the lumbar when the SI jt is fixated
normal lumbar torsion is restricted and axial torsion of the cord and nerve roots is produced
49
what is the least subjective of the objective findings
X-ray
50
standing pelvis movements
PSIS move anterior, super, lateral sacral base moves into counter nutation aka sacral extension ischial tuberosity move posterior, inferior, and medial
51
sitting pelvis movements
PSIS move posterior, inferior, and medial sacral base moves into nutation aka sacral flexion, anterior and inferior ischial tuberosity move anterior, superior, lateral
52
vertebral subluxation complex (VSC)
kinesiopathology, neuropathology, myopathology, histopathology, pathophysiology
53
kinesiopathology
deviation from normal biomechanical joint action -hypermobility, hypomobility, joint play, and altered axis of motion
54
what is kinesiopathology determined through
motion palpation
55
if normal expected movement occurs what can be ruled out
kinesiopathology
56
neuropathophysiology
compression lesion, facilitated lesion, loss of neurological integration
57
what is compression lesion
typical pinched nerve resulting in diminished function
58
facilitated lesion
most common, increased function and irritation
59
loss of neurological integration
altered postural sense, vasomotor control and temperature regulation
60
what can neuropathophysiology be determined by
specialized tests
61
histopathology
inflammation, edema, swelling, degeneration
62
what test is done to determine histopathology
static palpation
63
myopathology
deviation from normal muscle condition hyperactivity or hypoactivity
64
hyperactivity
from injury or facilitated nerve lesion resulting in spasm or contracture
65
hypoactivity
from a compression lesion resulting in loss of tone or atrophy
66
what test determines myopathology
static palpation
67
pathophysiology
local or peripheral
68
local pathophysiology
toxins damage the nerve sheath, degeneration and weakening of the disc, ligament, and joints
69
peripheral pathophysiology
neurotoxins are carried to the end organs and create pathology. Increased inflammatory reactions, disease, infections, and system failures
70
what test determines pathophysiology
special tests
71
which fixation is usually not the most tender
primary
72
thoracic fixations are usually primary or secondary
secondary
73
how many segments do fixations occur between
two or more

Motion and Static Palpation (3 decks)

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