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Test One Vocabulary Flashcards

(87 cards)

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1
Q

Counterpoint

A

The art of simultaneous independent melodies

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2
Q

Divine Office

A

The eight daily services performed by medieval Roman Catholic clergy at specified hours of the day

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3
Q

Gloria

A

Portion of the Ordinary of the Mass

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4
Q

Kyrie

A

First part of the Ordinary of the Mass; unlike other movements, its short texts is in Greek

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5
Q

Mass

A

Central service of Christian worship, commemorating the Last Supper, and the death and resurrection of Jesus

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6
Q

Melismas

A

Florid melody sung on a single syllable; melismatic

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7
Q

Monophonic

A

A musical texture in which one or more voices or instruments preform a single melody in unison; One melody

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8
Q

Notre Dame Repertory

A

Compilation of liturgical music from Paris, late 12th and early 13th centuries:one of the first great collections of music whose composers are known to us; put together by Leonitus and Perotineus

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9
Q

Ordinary

A

Sung portions of the Mass text that do not vary according to the church calendar: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei

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10
Q

Organum

A

Style of medieval polyphonic liturgical music

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11
Q

Plainchant

A

Monophonic religious melody (chant) sung in Latin, without instrumental accompaniment; its rhythm is not notated

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12
Q

Plainsong

A

Monophonic religious melody (chant) sung in Latin, without instrumental accompaniment; its rhythm is not notated

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13
Q

Polyphony

A

Musical texture made up of a web of independent melodic lines

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14
Q

Proper

A

Texts for certain chants of the Mass which vary from day to day, according to the church calendar: Introit, Gradual, Alleluia, Sequence, Offertory, Communion

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15
Q

Strophic

A

Form of song that uses the same music for each verse (strophe) of poetry

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16
Q

Syllabic

A

Text setting in which each syllable has one note

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17
Q

troubadours

A

Poet-musician in southern France of the 12th and 13th centuries, composing secular monophonic songs in the language of Old Provençal

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18
Q

Trouvères

A

Poet-musician in northern France of the 12th and 13th centuries, composing secular monophonic songs in the language of Old French

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19
Q

Homophonic

A

A musical texture in which all voices move in the same rhythm; One interesting melody; Two types: Melody and accompaniment, homorhythmic homophony

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20
Q

Polyphonic

A

A musical texture made up of a web of independent melodic lines; Two+ interesting melodies; Two types: imitative and non-imitative

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21
Q

Imitative Polyphony

A

Type of polyphony in which each of the voices’ (or instruments’) melodies is of more or less of equal importance, and in which voices imitate each other in succession, often at different pitch levels

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22
Q

Credo

A

Portion of the Ordinary of the Mass

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23
Q

Sanctus

A

Portion of the Ordinary of the Mass

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24
Q

Agnus Dei

A

Portion of the Ordinary of the Mass; Three phrases

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25
Organa
Plural of organum
26
Organal
Adjective of Organum
27
Motet
Polyphonic vocal piece on a sacred latin text; originally, a vocal piece created by adding texts to the melismas accompanying the chant setting
28
Suspension
Note held over from a previous consonance that becomes dissonant with the new harmony
29
Through-composed Form
Formal procedure in which there is no repetition of earlier music
30
Madrigal
Polyphonic setting of a secular poem; use word/text painting; lute accompanies
31
Word Painting
Use of music to imitate images and sounds described in the text
32
Galliard
Lively dance popular in the Renaissance, characterized by leaping movements, in triple meter and often employing hemiola
33
Lute
Pear-shaped, flat-topped instrument held like a guitar and played by plucking the six (or more) sets of strings; most popular household instrument of the 16th century
34
Harpsichord
Keyboard instrument in which strings are plucked when a key is depressed; common in the Renaissance and Baroque periods
35
Viol
Bowed stringed instrument popular in the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries, with six strings and frets, held vertically like a cello, and made in several sizes, from treble to contrabass
36
Consort
Instrumental ensembles made up of a family of one type of instrument, such as viola da gamba during the Renaissance and Baroque times in England
37
Basso Continuo
Continuous bass line anchors, used in Baroque period to accompany one or more melodic lines, and most often played by a bass melody instrument and a keyboard instrument, for example cello and harpsichord
38
Castrato
Male singer who was castrated before his voice changed, often featured in Italian opera of the Baroque
39
Figured Bass
Shorthand notation representing the chordal accompaniment of the basso continuo
40
Opera
Drama for the stage in which all characters sing their parts
41
Recitative
Passage in opera and oratorio in which solo singers deliver text at a speed and in a rhythm that is intended to follow normal speech,accompanied by chords, most often punctuating chords played by harpsichord, organ, or piano
42
Stile Recitativo
Recitative style
43
Strophic Variations
Repetition of same basic melodic shape and series of harmonies, with variations
44
Toccata
Instrumental showpiece, most often for keyboard instrument, often improvisatory in sound, and common in the Baroque period
45
Ritornello
Passage of music that recurs within a movement. In Baroque concerto, movements typically begin and end with the ritornello, which also recurs, in various keys, between solo passages
46
Recitativo Secco
Dry recitative; Recitative in the most usual sense, in which words are sung in a spoken rhythm, with simple chordal accompaniment played by keyboard instrument, sometimes cello
47
Recitativo Accompagnato
Accompanied recitative; Recitative in which the orchestra provides an accompaniment, generally reserved for moments of high intensity or importance
48
Aria
Elaborate piece for voice and orchestra in an opera, cantata, or oratorio
49
Da Capo Aria
Aria in a three-part ABA form, prevalent in the Baroque period
50
Castrati
Plural of castrato
51
Clavichord
Expressive but very quiet keyboard instrument of the Baroque period, in which pressing down a key causes a metal blade to strike a string
52
Concerto
Piece for one or more virtuoso solo instruments with orchestra, usually three movements
53
Contrapuntal
Adjective of counterpoint
54
Counter subject
In a fugue, a musical line that is presented every time the fugue subject appears
55
Episode
Portion of a fugue in which the complete subject is not present but which acts as a bridge between full subject statements
56
Exposition
In a fugue, the opening section, in which each voice states the subject; in first-movement sonata form, the opening section, in which the main themes are presented, starting in the home key but then establishing the dominant or another new key area. Also statement.
57
Fortepiano
Early name for the modern piano
58
Fugue
Polyphonic composition based on a single theme or subject, which is introduced in imitation in all voices at the beginning of the piece and recurs thereafter in various voices. In the exposition, each voice enters in turn with a statement of the subject; between later entries of the subject, there may be episodes in which the subject is absent or is given only in fragmented form
59
Imitation
Process of having one voice sing or play the music that another voice has finished
60
Movement(s)
Self-contained section of a larger musical work, generally characterized by its own tempo
61
Orchestration
Art of assigning melodies, counterpoint, and accompaniment, and so on, to the various instruments of the orchestra
62
Passion(s)
Musical setting of the account of the crucifixion of jesus from one of the four Gospels from the New Testament
63
Prelude
Introductory movement of an opera or other musical work; also, an independent work of unspecified form, most often for solo keyboard instrument
64
Subject
Main theme of a fugue
65
Transcription
Arrangement of music written for one instrument or group of instruments for another
66
Alessandro Striggio
Librettist for Monteverdi's Orfeo (wrote the text)
67
Non-Imitative Polyphony
Seen in musical (Les Mis)
68
Notre Dame
Built 1160-1340; Uses flying buttresses to support the weight from the roof; Stain glass windows and gold lining arches; One steeple/ two bell towers; Located on Paris's island; Could hold several thousand people; Dedicated to Mary6yt
69
Qur'anic Recitation
Mostly monotone, heightened speech; not singing because many don't think it's appropriate to sing in a religious (nonsecular setting); oral tradition used to pass along, apprentice; Doesn't follow meter, focuses on the 5th scale degree
70
Azan
Call to prayer; Recitation 5 times a day (Qur'anic Recitation)
71
Mele Pule
Prayers to God (Hawai'ian Chant)
72
Ho'zho'ni Songs
Blessing way;ends the final night of the ritual; use vocables (Native American)
73
Vocables
Few translatable words (Fa La La)
74
Enemy Way Ceremony
A three day ritual done by Native Americans for soldiers about to leave that protects them from fallen enemy spirits; monophonic, uses drums/ rattles, Shaman sings, beat but no meter, shaped phrases, repetition
75
Magnus Liber Organi
Big book of organum put together but Leoninus; two voiced settings of the responsorial chants and office responsories for feasts; elaborated on by later composers
76
Baroque
1600-1750; trying to make text more serious
77
Mantua
In Italy; Distinct principalities, papal states, and republics; artistic and civic center; Gonzaga family are important patrons of art here; Orfeo premieres here
78
Duke Vincenzo Gonzaga
Absolute ruler of Mantua in 1607; his family are important patrons of art
79
English Oratorio
Handel first starts composing in 1732; unstated opera, sacred subject, big choral part; presented during Lent (opera is forbidden)
80
Lent
Time in the Catholic church when people given up/ or do something extra symbolic of the 40 days and 40 nights Jesus was in the dessert being tempted by Satan; Opera was not allowed to be shown during this time, performed oratorio instead
81
Dublin
Handel's Messiah was performed in Dublin
82
Collegium Musicum
The collegiate choir Bach runs at the University of Leipzig; They perform at Zimmermann's Coffee House; Bach directs more than 500 concerts over 10 years while working with CM
83
Leipzig
Population 30,000; Important town; Bach was the music director of the 4 main churches and he composed a cantata each sunday for them; Taught at St. Thomas in Leipzig
84
Paris
Spreads across the Seine River, Island in the middle was spot of the original roman settlement; Population: 200,000; City was home to Religious establishments; bridges connect land
85
Muezzin
Person who makes the call to worship 5 times a day
86
Earl of Essex
Wrote Lyrics to "Can She Excuse My Wrongs"
87
Mixed Consort
Groups instruments of different kinds

Music History (2 decks)

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