test prep (questions I got wrong) Flashcards by peter footer

1) The simplest chemical units of matter are
A) atoms.    
B) molecules.
C) protons.
D) neutrons.
E) electrons.

A) atoms.    * 
B) molecules.
C) protons.
D) neutrons.
E) electrons.

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2) Which of the following is the largest in size?
A) an atom
B) a molecule     
C) a proton
D) a neutron
E) an electron

A) an atom*
B) a molecule     
C) a proton
D) a neutron
E) an electron

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4) All atoms with the same atomic number are grouped into

A) molecules.
B) cells.
C) compounds.
D) elements. *    
E) isotopes.

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7) Isotopes of an element differ in the number 
A) molecules.
B) cells.
C) compounds.
D) elements. 
E) isotopes.of

A) protons in the nucleus.
B) electrons in the nucleus.
C) neutrons in the nucleus.   *  
D) electron clouds.
E) electrons in energy shells.

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11)  An atom of one element is best distinguished from an atom of another element by the number of: 
A) neutrons in the nucleus. 
B) electrons in the nucleus. 
C) protons in the nucleus.     
D) electrons orbiting the nucleus.

A) neutrons in the nucleus.
B) electrons in the nucleus.
C) protons in the nucleus. $
D) electrons orbiting the nucleus.

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14) Electrons
A) comprise the majority of the mass of an atom.
B) are located in the nucleus of an atom.
C) have a positive charge of one.
D) are the subatomic particles most involved in bonding behavior of atoms.
E) do not participate in the bonding of atoms.

A) comprise the majority of the mass of an atom.
B) are located in the nucleus of an atom.
C) have a positive charge of one. $
D) are the subatomic particles most involved in bonding behavior of atoms.
E) do not participate in the bonding of atoms.

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3) When atoms complete their outer electron shell by sharing electrons, they form
A) ionic bonds.
B) covalent bonds.     
C) hydrogen bonds.
D) anions.
E) cations.

A) ionic bonds.
B) covalent bonds.     $
C) hydrogen bonds.
D) anions.
E) cations.

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5) If a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms, a(n) \_\_\_\_\_ occurs.
A) single covalent bond
B) double covalent bond
C) triple covalent bond
D) polar covalent bond     
E) hydrogen bond

A) single covalent bond
B) double covalent bond
C) triple covalent bond
D) polar covalent bond     $
E) hydrogen bond

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7) Ionic bonds are formed when
A) atoms share electrons.
B) electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another.
C) a pair of electrons is shared unequally by two atoms.
D) hydrogen forms bonds with negatively charged atoms in the same or different molecule.
E) two or more atoms lose electrons at the same time.

A) atoms share electrons.
B) electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another.
C) a pair of electrons is shared unequally by two atoms.
D) hydrogen forms bonds with negatively charged atoms in the same or different molecule.$
E) two or more atoms lose electrons at the same time.

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12) The bond between sodium and chloride in the compound sodium chloride (NaCl) is

A) an ionic bond.     
B) a single covalent bond.
C) a nonpolar covalent bond.
D) a double covalent bond.
E) a double ionic bond.

12) The bond between sodium and chloride in the compound sodium chloride (NaCl) is

A) an ionic bond.     $
B) a single covalent bond.
C) a nonpolar covalent bond.
D) a double covalent bond.
E) a double ionic bond.

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24) The basic units of matter include \_\_\_\_\_ or \_\_\_\_\_.
A) atoms; elements     
B) protons; neutrons
C) protons; electrons
D) neutrons; electrons
E) cells; tissues

24) The basic units of matter include \_\_\_\_\_ or \_\_\_\_\_.
A) atoms; elements     $
B) protons; neutrons
C) protons; electrons
D) neutrons; electrons
E) cells; tissues

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25) H2O is an example of a(n)
A) ionic formula.
B) glucose molecule.
C) molecular formula.     
D) sodium molecule.
E) covalent formula.

25) H2O is an example of a(n)
A) ionic formula.
B) glucose molecule.
C) molecular formula.  $   
D) sodium molecule.
E) covalent formula.

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28) Calcium atoms have two electrons in the outermost shell. As a result, you would expect calcium to form ions with a charge of
A) +1.
B) +2.     
C) -1.
D) -2.
E) 0.

28) Calcium atoms have two electrons in the outermost shell. As a result, you would expect calcium to form ions with a charge of
A) +1.
B) +2.     $
C) -1.
D) -2.
E) 0.

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31) A(n) _____ is a substance that consists entirely of atoms with the same atomic number.

31) A(n) _____ is a substance that consists entirely of atoms with the same atomic number.
Answer: element

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32) The centre of an atom is called the _____.

Answer: nucleus

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33) Electrons whirl around the center of the atom at high speed forming a(n) _____.

33) Electrons whirl around the center of the atom at high speed forming a(n) _____.
Answer: electron cloud

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34) Electrons in an atom occupy an orderly series of electron shells or _____.

34) Electrons in an atom occupy an orderly series of electron shells or _____.
Answer: energy levels

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35) A _____ is a combination of two or more atoms and has different physical and chemical properties than its individual atoms.

35) A _____ is a combination of two or more atoms and has different physical and chemical properties than its individual atoms.
Answer: compound

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36) Ions with a positive charge are called _____.``

36) Ions with a positive charge are called _____.

Answer: cations

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37) Ions with a negative charge are called _____.

Answer: anions

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38) In a _____ chemical bonds between atoms are broken as atoms are rearranged in new combinations to form different chemical substances.

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38) In a _____ chemical bonds between atoms are broken as atoms are rearranged in new combinations to form different chemical substances.
Answer: chemical reaction

39) A(n) _____ is a homogeneous mixture containing a solvent and a solute.

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39) A(n) _____ is a homogeneous mixture containing a solvent and a solute.
Answer: solution

40) _____ are soluble inorganic compounds whose ions will conduct an electric current in solutions.

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40) _____ are soluble inorganic compounds whose ions will conduct an electric current in solutions.
Answer: Electrolytes

41) Molecules that readily dissolve in water are called _____.

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41) Molecules that readily dissolve in water are called _____.
Answer: hydrophilic

42) Molecules that do not dissolve in water are called _____.

42) Molecules that do not dissolve in water are called _____. Answer: hydrophobic

43) The molecular formula for water is ________ .

43) The molecular formula for water is ________ . | Answer: H2O

2. During ionisation, water molecules disrupt the ionic bonds of a solute and a mixture of ions is produced. These ions are called ``` A) cations. B) anions. C) dissociates. D) electrolytes. E) anti-ions. ```

``` 5. In an aqueous solution, sodium would move toward A) potassium. B) chloride. C) sodium. D) water. ```

``` 5. In an aqueous solution, sodium would move toward A) potassium. B) chloride. $ C) sodium. D) water. ```

7. Which of the following substances would be least acidic? ``` A) lemon juice, pH = 2 B) urine, pH = 6 C) tomato juice, pH = 4 D) white wine, pH = 3 E) stomach secretions, pH = 1 ```

7. Which of the following substances would be least acidic? ``` A) lemon juice, pH = 2 B) urine, pH = 6 $ C) tomato juice, pH = 4 D) white wine, pH = 3 E) stomach secretions, pH = 1 ```

9. An important buffer in body fluids is ``` A) NaCl. B) NaOH. C) HCl. D) NaHCO3. E) H2O. ```

9. An important buffer in body fluids is ``` A) NaCl. B) NaOH. C) HCl. D) NaHCO3. $ E) H2O. ```

10. In the body, inorganic compounds ``` A) can serve as buffers. B) can make up proteins. C) are important nutrients. D) are structural components of cells. E) both A and D ```

10. In the body, inorganic compounds ``` A) can serve as buffers. $ B) can make up proteins. C) are important nutrients. D) are structural components of cells. E) both A and D ```

``` 11. Hydrophilic molecules readily associate with A) lipid molecules. B) hydrophilic molecules. C) water molecules. D) A and B E) all of the above ```

``` 11. Hydrophilic molecules readily associate with A) lipid molecules. B) hydrophilic molecules. C) water molecules. $ D) A and B E) all of the above ```

E) a salt. 16. When a small amount of hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of Na2HPO4, the pH of the solution does not change. The pH does not change when a small amount of NaOH is added either. Based on these observations, all of the following are true concerning the compound Na2HPO4, except A) Na2HPO4 is able to accept extra hydrogen ions from the HCl. B) Na2HPO4 is able to donate hydrogen ions to the OH- from NaOH. C) Na2HPO4 adsorbs excess H+ and OH- directly onto the surface of its crystalline structure. D) Na2HPO4 is a salt formed from reacting a strong base with a weak acid. E) Na2HPO4 acts as a buffer.

20. Buffers A) convert weak acids or bases into strong ones. B) help destabilize pH. C) can absorb OH- if the pH is too low. D) can release H+ if the pH is too high.

20. Buffers A) convert weak acids or bases into strong ones. B) help destabilize pH. C) can absorb OH- if the pH is too low. D) can release H+ if the pH is too high. $

21. Which of the following is TRUE regarding this situation: Solution A has a pH of 7.48 and Solution B has a pH of 7.39: A) Solution B is more acidic than Solution A. B) The pH of Solution A falls within the homeostatic pH range for extracellular body fluids, but the pH of Solution B does not. C) Solution A contains a higher concentration of hydrogen ions that Solution B. D) Solution B contains a higher concentration of hydrogen ions than Solution A. E) Both B and C are correct.

22. A common buffer found in extracellular fluid is ``` A) glucose. B) bicarbonate ion. C) sodium ion. D) a triglyceride. E) ATP ```

22. A common buffer found in extracellular fluid is ``` A) glucose. B) bicarbonate ion. $ C) sodium ion. D) a triglyceride. E) ATP ```

25. In a healthy person, the pH of blood is maintained by buffers in the range of _______ to _______.

7.35 - 7.45

5) The most important metabolic fuel molecule in the body is ``` A) sucrose. B) starch. C) protein. D) vitamins. E) glucose. ```

5) The most important metabolic fuel molecule in the body is ``` A) sucrose. B) starch. C) protein. D) vitamins. E) glucose. * ```

7) The group of organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a near 1:2:1 ratio is defined as a ``` A) carbohydrate. B) lipid. C) protein. D) nucleic acid. E) both C and D ```

7) The group of organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a near 1:2:1 ratio is defined as a ``` A) carbohydrate. * B) lipid. C) protein. D) nucleic acid. E) both C and D ```

``` 9) When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis, A) a new monosaccharide is formed. B) a disaccharide is formed. C) a polysaccharide is formed. D) a starch is formed. E) hydrolysis occurs. ```

``` 9) When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis, A) a new monosaccharide is formed. B) a disaccharide is formed. * C) a polysaccharide is formed. D) a starch is formed. E) hydrolysis occurs. ```

10) Lipids A) form essential structural components of cells. B) provide roughly twice the energy as carbohydrates. C) help to maintain body temperature. D) all of the above E) B and C only

10) Lipids A) form essential structural components of cells. B) provide roughly twice the energy as carbohydrates. C) help to maintain body temperature. D) all of the above E) B and C only *

13) Glycerol is the backbone molecule for: ``` A) disaccharides. B) DNA. C) peptides. D) triglycerides. E) ATP. ```

13) Glycerol is the backbone molecule for: ``` A) disaccharides. B) DNA. C) peptides. D) triglycerides. * E) ATP. ```

15) Cholesterol, phospholipids, and glycolipids are examples of ``` A) dietary fats. B) prostaglandins. C) structural lipids. D) lipid drugs. E) steroids. ```

15) Cholesterol, phospholipids, and glycolipids are examples of ``` A) dietary fats. B) prostaglandins. C) structural lipids. * D) lipid drugs. E) steroids. ```

16) A shortage of cholesterol in the body would interfere with the formation of ``` A) sex hormones. B) proteins. C) nucleic acids. D) glycogen. E) both A and C. ```

16) A shortage of cholesterol in the body would interfere with the formation of ``` A) sex hormones. * B) proteins. C) nucleic acids. D) glycogen. E) both A and C. ```

20) ______________ molecules are compounds that contain carbon as the primary structural atom.

20) ______________ molecules are compounds that contain carbon as the primary structural atom. Answer: Organic

21) A(n) ______________ is a homogeneous mixture containing a solvent and a solute.

21) A(n) ______________ is a homogeneous mixture containing a solvent and a solute. Answer: solution

23) Glycogen and starch are examples of complex carbohydrates called _____________________.

23) Glycogen and starch are examples of complex carbohydrates called _____________________. Answer: polysaccharides

24) _________________ fats are triglycerides that contain only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms.

24) _________________ fats are triglycerides that contain only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms. Answer: Saturated

25) The _____ of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration expressed in moles per liter in the solution.

25) The _____ of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration expressed in moles per liter in the solution. Answer: pH

26) ___________________ are lipid molecules that form biological membranes.

26) ___________________ are lipid molecules that form biological membranes. Answer: Structural lipids (or phospholipids)

test prep (questions I got wrong) Flashcards

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