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Test questions Flashcards

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1
Q

upper cross syndrome signs

A

anterior head carriage
elevated, rounded shoulders, winging scapulae, shortened pectoralis, kyphotic upper thoracic spine, shortened upper trap/levator, weak serratus anterior and low/middle trap

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2
Q

lack of ____ will cause dysfunction within the joint and may cause pain

A

joint play

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3
Q

hydodynamics= essential for proper lubrication, transport of nutrients, and removal of waste material from he articular surfaces. Proper hydrodynamics occur during

A

weight bearing, intermittent muscle activity, full range of motion

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4
Q

over time, scapulas tend to migrate ___ and ____, making a shallow glenoid cavity more shallow leading to more shoulder complaints

A

superior, lateral

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5
Q

glenohumeral joint is most often affected by ____ or the tendon of the _____ of biceps

A

rotator cuff dysfunction (supraspinatus), long head

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6
Q

lateral epicondylitis= tennis elbow. most commong listing is ____ radius

A

posterior-lateral (PL)

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7
Q

an ____ muscle test is a good indicator of median nerve involvement

A

oppenens policies during supination

pronation-pronator teres syndrome

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8
Q

weakness of this muscle with arm in ____ usually indicates median nerve pressure at the wrist

A

supination

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9
Q

weakness with arm in pronation usually indicates median nerve irritation at the elbow or____

A

pronator teres syndrome

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10
Q

exercise for retraction of the scapula/glenohumeral joint

A

wall walks with hands oriented so fingers pointing upward/wall angels

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11
Q

initial motion upon____ occurs at the radoiocarpal joint and secondary motion at the mid carpal and carpal metacarpal joint

A

flexion

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12
Q

based on the above, if there is pain at the beginning of the ROM, check the

A

radiocarpal joint

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13
Q

which rib subluxations can cause intercostal neuritis

A

costo-vertebral
costo-transverse
costal angle
anterior dorsals

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14
Q

the two muscles involved in jaw protrustion

A

lateral pterygoid msucle

assisted by medial pterygoid

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15
Q

the four muscles involved in jaw retraction

A

posterior fibers of temporalis
deep part of master
geniohyoid
digastric

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16
Q

the three muscles involved in jaw elevation

A

medial pterygoid
masseter
temporalis

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17
Q

the three muscles involved jaw depression

A

digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid

assisted by gravity

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18
Q

most common s/c joint separation

A

superior and anterior

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19
Q

on xray- a space of more than ____ between the coracoid and clavicle indicates coracoclavicular ligamentous disruption

A

1.3 cm or 13 mm

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20
Q

with cross over maneuver, presence of superior pain or discomfort int he shoulder indicates

A

pathology of the a/c joint

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21
Q

on an AP thoracic x-ray, a height difference of ____ between the inferior tips of the scapula indicates an unstable shoudler

A

15 mm

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22
Q

most common reason for re-injury of a dislocated shoulder is

A

failure to properly condition the healed tissues

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23
Q

overuse is ___ in tendinitis but ___ in tendinosis

A

rare, common

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24
Q

tennis elbow can have a long healing time lasting up to as much as ___ weeks

A

72 weeks

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25
rate of irritation greater than rate of recovery is the description of the ___ principle
specific adaptation to imposed demand
26
____ tears are inter capsular, whereas ____ tears are extracapsular
primary, secondary
27
which joint is likely the most responsible for the majority of the proprioceptive information for the upper extremity
s/c
28
the s/c articulation is the most overlooked region up the upper extremity what its he second most
scapulothoracic articulation
29
medial epicondylitis or golfers elbow typically produces a ___ ulna
posterior-medial
30
medial epicondylitis is observed when there is weakness of the __ muscle
flexor carpi ulanris
31
if wrist pain is reduced or range of motion enhanced by applying mild pressure approximation distal ulna and radius- a ____ may have occurred via hyperextension or hyper flexion insult to the wrist
spreading injury
32
to test this, you would perform this part IV orthopedic test
bracelet's test-----> + increase pain= RA
33
the sphenoid bone articulates with___ other cranial bones
12
34
the TMJ is unique because it is a synovial joint, but the surfaces are covered by this type of cartilage
fibrocartilage
35
this source of pain and synovial effusion in a TMJ related issue consists of a venous plexus covered with a synovial membrane
retrodiscal tissue
36
if a patient complains of locking, he can't open his mouth fully this is called a closed lock. In this case the disc is___ to the condyle
anterior
37
lateral epicondylitis or tennis elbow is observed when there is weakness of the ___ muscles
extensor carpi ulnaris
38
which direction of movement is more common in a costal angle subluxation
superior
39
at the 5th rib, the xosto-chondral junction is approximately located at the
mid-clavicular line
40
costo-sternal or chondro-sternal subluxations apply to which ribs
the upper 6 ribs
41
another name for anterior dorsal is
pottinger saucer
42
what else has a biconcave disc besides the s/d joint
TMJ
43
what is the condition regarding grinding of the teeth at night
buxism
44
ribs typically articulate with the disc and bodies of vertebrae above and below except
1st, 10th, 11th, and 12th
45
musculature that suspends the scapula are innervated by
lower cervicals
46
tirgger point type pain between the scapula and upper trapezius/levator scapula is evidence of
dysfunction and | symptomatic referred pain
47
what is the primary function of the shoulder
to place the upper extremity in space
48
list the dynamic stabilizers
``` levator scapula pec minor rhomboids serratus anterior trapezius ```
49
most dynamic stabilizers are ___ used
under
50
dynamic stabilizers attach ____ to ___
shoulder, spine
51
what are the compensatory stabilizers
biceps | supraspinatus
52
compensatory stabilizers are often ___ used
over
53
what do ligaments do
connect the chain-- DO NOT CREATE STABILITY
54
what its he osseous pivot of the upper extremity
sc joint
55
the ac joint is ____ mobile than the sc joint. However, it is often ___ due to restrictions and fixations of the ____
less, hyperbole sc joint
56
what is the sulcus sign
inferior and anterior instability of the g/h joint
57
the g/h joint is most often affected by rotator cuff dysfunction the tendon of the long head of the biceps.
stability is often sacrificed for movement
58
when doing applies scratch test inferior to check scapulothoracic articulation, what its he measurement to demonstrate an unstable shoulder
1.5 cm or 15 mm
59
the most commonly overlooked subluxation its he ___ followed by the ___
``` #1 sc joint #2 scapulothoracic ```
60
how should one place their arms for scaption
roo's/allens position
61
the third way to check for scapulothoracic subluxation is
internal rotation of atlas 70 degrees supine
62
when adjusting the inferior scapula, the goal is to break up adhesions of the
subscapularis, bursae, and serratus anterior
63
what its he ratio to determine glenohumeral efficacy
2 degrees of g/h movement vs 1 degree of scapula movement
64
which joint is the intersection of forces with little force dissipation option
elbow
65
the biomechanical responder is the
wrist
66
positive orthopedic tests provide
stabilty information
67
muscle tests are used to check for
subluxation
68
a sign of upper crossed syndrome is
anterior head carriage rounded shoulders elevated shoulders winging of the scapulas
69
what is hiltons law
the same turns of nerves whose branches supply the groups of muscles moving a joint, furnish a distribution of nerves to the skin over the insertion of the same muscles, and the interior of the joint receives its nerves from the same source
70
the orthopedic test for any joint in the body is
o'donoghues
71
the most common injuries seen in the chiropractic offices are
grade 1 or mild grade 2
72
serious grade 2 and grade 3 require
medical referral
73
except in the case of ____ the spine is always considered first
direct trauma
74
proper hydrodynamics occurs during
weight bearing intermittent muscle activity full ROM of joint and capsule
75
what its he contact point for glenohumeral distraction
interolocking fingers
76
as we age, the scapula migrate ___ and ___ and the ___ fall forward with ____
superior and lateral, shoulders, anterior head carriage
77
where is joint play found
at the end of passive ROM
78
based on the mechanoreceptor theory, muscles functioning across a misaligned joint are____ due to____ originating from mechanoreceptors surrounding a joint
inhibitied, reflex signals
79
what its he most common subluxation of the g/h joint
a/1 90%
80
what is the challenge for ac joint
dugas
81
what its he scope for biceps tendon
2 inches inferior to the bicipital tubercle
82
if chronic injury, check for
instability then subluxation
83
what is the most common ulnar subluxation
pm 80% of the time
84
what its he SCP for PM ulna
medial ridge of ulna 1" distal to the joint
85
which ulna subluxation occurs 20% of the time
PL ulna
86
the more common radius subluxations is
PL radius
87
what is the scope for PL radius
lateral ridge of radius 1/4" distal to joint
88
how do you adjust a carpal bone
with reinforced thumbs pa glide push
89
what is tennis elbow and what is the subluxation commonly associated with tennis elbow
lateral epicondylitis, PL radius
90
what is golfers elbow and what is the subluxation commonly associated with it
medial epicondylitis, PM ulna
91
PM ulna and PL radius both commonly occur after a ___ injury and this may be the underlying problem in ____ which may mimic_____
hyperextension pronator teres syndrome carpal tunnel syndrome
92
pronator teres syndrome affects the _____ nerve distribution and is tested by____
median | pronation against resistance
93
retraction of the scapula is called _____ and is due to a ____
winging | serratus anterior
94
what are exercises to strengthen the serrates anterior
wall walks, wall angels, push ups
95
we tend to ____ our flexors and ____ or extensors
over use | under use
96
upon _____ of the wrist, carpals move diagonal and anteiror
extension
97
upon____ of the wrist, the carpals move
posterior
98
normally the g/h capsule contains .5-1.5 cc of fluid. how much fluid can the g/h capsule contain before seeing it
30 cc
99
what move is contraindicated for someone how has subacromial bursitis
a/i humerus
100
recruitment is __ and abandonment is ___
1st | 2nd
101
what are the dynamic stabilizers
``` pec minor rhomboids levator scapula serratus anterior trapezius ```
102
what are the compensatory stabilizers
biceps and supraspinatus
103
lack of joint play will cause dysfunction and
pain
104
after clearing the sc joint, ac joint, g/h joint, and biceps, next
scapulothoracic articulation
105
the most common reason for re-injury is a
failure to properly condition the healed tissues
106
the concept of extra spinal management within the chiropractic paradigm must include integration of extra spinal areas to the spine first one must consider the _____ connection, then the ____
neruological | muscles
107
if multiple extremities are sublimated, how do you determine which one to adjsut
use the pain scale
108
what are the benefits of bracing vs using tape
brace can be washed | no dermatitis from the brace
109
forces of injury, position of joint, and time episode fall under which category
safety
110
a sprain with no separation is
grade one
111
the end of travel in a joint whereby the surfaces are at maximal congruency, the ligaments are taut, and no further movement int hat direction of travel may result in
dislocation/fracture
112
the most common subluxation for the sc joint is
inferior | anterior medial
113
ligamentous disruption of ____ mm is a sc separation and the direction is most common separates is ___ and _____
5 anterior superior
114
theory that states a muscle functioning across a misaligned joint will be inhibited by a reflex signal originating from_____ surrounding that joint
mechanoreceptors
115
trama, if acute, check for ______
patient safety, joint stability, then subluxation
116
the most common injuries seen in the office are ____ or _____
grade 1 or mild grade 2
117
over time the scapulas tend to migrate ___ and ____
superior and lateral
118
sc joint is probably responsible for most of the _____ information for the upper extremity
proprioception
119
elbow in closed packed position is in_____
full extension (taut ligaments and at max. congruency dislocation or fracture)
120
medial epicondylitis (golfers elbow) is typically from a
PM ulna
121
_____ can mimic carpal tunnel syndrome. Patient is tested by pronation against resistance; symptoms follow a median nerve distribution
pronator teres syndrome
122
___ and ___ are compensatory stabilizers for scapula
biceps and supraspinatus
123
shoulder sulcus sign is ____ an ____ instability of GH joint
inferior and anterior
124
TMJ intra-articular involvement= synovitis and capsulitis with the focus on the disc which is considered displaced or degenerated. studies show that ___ % of all individuals will show some TMJ related symptom in their lifetime
85-90%

Upper Extremity (4 decks)

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