Test Questions Flashcards
(172 cards)
1
Q
The left side of the heart pumps the same volume of blood as the right.
A
True
2
Q
Cardia muscle has more mitochondria and depends less on a continual supply of oxygen than does skeletal muscle.
A
False
3
Q
The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries.
A
True
4
Q
Arterial pressure in the pulmonary circulation is much higher than in the systemic circulation because of its proximity to the heart.
A
False
5
Q
The outermost layer of a blood vessel is the tunica intima
A
False
6
Q
The “lub” sounds of the heart are valuable in diagnosis because they provide information about the function of the heart’s pulmonary and aortic values.
A
True
7
Q
Hypotension is generally considered systolic blood pressure that is below 100 mm Hg.
A
True
8
Q
A pre-capillary sphincter is a cuff of smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood into the capillaries.
A
True
9
Q
The pulmonary circulation does not directly serve the metabolic needs of body tissues.
A
True
10
Q
An obstruction in the superior vena cava would decrease the flow of blood from the head and neck to the heart.
A
True
11
Q
An increase in blood viscosity will cause an increase in peripheral resistance.
A
True
12
Q
Vasodilatation is a widening of the lumen due to smooth muscle contraction.
A
False
13
Q
The first major branch of the femoral artery is the dorsalis pedis artery.
A
False
14
Q
The function of all arteries is to carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart while all veins carry oxygen poor blood to the heart.
A
False
15
Q
The left ventricle is a stronger pump than the right ventricle because more blood is needed to supply the body tissues than to supply the lungs.
A
False
16
Q
The endocardium of the heart is continuous with he endothelium of the blood vessels.
A
True
17
Q
Which area/cavity grouping best describes the location of the heart?
A
pericardial, mediastinum, thoracic
18
Q
Contraction of the heart chambers is known as _______ while relaxation is known as ________.
A
systole, diastole
19
Q
Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?
A
closure of the heart valves
20
Q
The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to _______.
A
Pump blood with greater pressure
21
Q
Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ___________.
A
left atrium
22
Q
If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from ________.
A
decreased delivery of oxygen.
23
Q
Which vessel of the heart receives blood during right ventricular systole?
A
pulmonary trunk.
24
Q
Which of these vessels receives blood during ventricular systole?
A
both the aorta and pulmonary trunk
25
The heart wall consists of three layers. From the inside to the outside these layers are:
endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
26
Which layer of the heart is highly vascularized?
all of these
27
The visceral pericardium is also known as the __________.
epicardium
28
The thickest layer of the heart wall is the __________.
myocardium
29
During the cardiac cycle, the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle when the semilunar valve opens is called the ________.
stroke volume
30
The pacemaker cells of the heart are located in the ________.
SA Node
31
The fibrous skeleton of the heart functions to _________.
a and c
32
The function of an atrium is ____________.
to collect blood
33
The cells that initiate the stimulus for contraction of the heart muscle are located in the __________.
sinoatrial node
34
which of the following is the proper sequence of cardiac excitation?
SA node --> AV node --> atrial myocardium --> AV bundle (of His) --> Purkinje fibers --> ventricular myocardium
35
The portion of the intrinsic conduction system located in the interventricular septum is the _____.
AV bundle
36
The second heart sound (dub) is produced by the
closing of the aortic and pulmonary valves
37
The bicuspid valve is on the same side of the heart as the
aortic semilunar valve
38
The base of the heart is its _________ surface.
superior
39
When a heart rate is 60 beats per minute, the rhythm is said to be __________.
bradycardia
40
Cardiac output is defined as _______.
amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in 1 minute
41
Stroke volume is defined as __________.
amount of blood pumped out by one ventricle each beat
42
The portion of the heart's intrinsic conduction system located in the floor of the right atrium (between the right atrium and the right ventricle) is the ____________.
AV node
43
The first heart sound (lub) is produced by the _________.
closing of the AV valves
44
The autonomic centers for cardiac function are located in the _________.
cardiac centers of the medulla oblongata.
45
Which of the following is not part of the conduction system of the heart?
AV valve
46
Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall.
The myocardium is he layer of the heart that actually contracts.
47
When a heart rate is 150 beats per minute, the rhythm is said to be _________.
tachycardia
48
The following are various component s of the conducting system of the heart:
1. Purkinje fibers 4. SA Node
2. AV Bundle 5. bundle branches
3. AV node
The sequence in which an action potential would move through this system is ___________.
4,3,2,5,1
49
Which of the events below does not occur when the semilunar valves are open?
Ventricles are in diastole
50
Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure?
blood volume
51
Which of the following chemicals does not help regulate blood pressure?
nitric acid
52
Select the correct statement about the heart valves.
The AV vales are supported by chordae tendineae so that regurgitation of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction does not occur.
53
The tricuspid valves is closed ________.
when the ventricle is in systole.
54
Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes _______.
a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output.
55
Which of the following factors does not influence heart rate?
skin color
56
Aldosterone will _______.
promote an increase in blood pressure
57
Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure.
Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase.
58
A patient with essential hypertension might have pressures of 200/120 mm Hg. This hypertensive state could result in all of the following except ___________.
decreased size of hart muscle.
59
Where in the body would you find low oxygen levels causing vasoconstriction and high levels causing vasodialation?
lungs
60
The baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch are sensitive to which of the following?
changes in arterial pressure
61
Receives O2 poor blood from the vena cava
right atrium
62
Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid
63
Pumps O2 rich blood into the aorta
left ventricle
64
Valve opening into the pulmonary trunk
semilunar
65
Receives blood from the pulmonary veins
left atrium
66
Pumps O2 poor blood into the pulmonary artery
right ventricle
67
Contains the SA and AV nodes
right atrium
68
Valves to prevent backflow
vein
69
Partially collapse when not full
veins
70
contain 3 layers of tissue
both arteries and veins
71
adapted to carry high pressure blood
artery
72
carry blood foe both systemic and pulmonary circuits of cardiovascular system
both arteries and veins
73
dependent on contractions of skeletal muscles, breathing movements, and constriction
veins
74
Which statement best describes arteries?
All carry blood away from the heart.
75
Which tunic of an artery contains endothelium?
tunica intima
76
Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ________.
capillaries
77
The circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the liver is called _________.
hepatic portal circulation
78
Peripheral resistance _______.
increases as blood viscosity increases
79
The hepatic portal vein ____________.
carries nutrient-rich blood to the liver
80
Which of the following are involved directly in pulmonary circulation?
right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and left atrium
81
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of blood passing from the lungs to the body?
Pulmonary veins, left atrium. bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve
82
The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called _______.
arterioles
83
Factors that aid in venous return include all except ________.
pressure changes in the thorax
84
The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the __________.
coronary arteries
85
A thrombus (blood clot) in the first branch of the arch of the aorta would affect the flow of blood to the ____________.
right side of the head and neck, and right upper arm.
86
```
Given these blood vessels,
1. axillary vein 4. radial vein
2. brachial vein 5. subclavian vein
3. brachiocephalic vein
Choose the arrangement that lists the vessels in order from the right hand toward the aorta.
```
4,2,1,5,3,
87
An artery that does not branch from the aortic arch is ________.
the right subclavian artery
88
Formed by the union of external and internal iliac veins
common iliac vein
89
major systemic artery
aorta
90
Supplies 80% of cerebrum
internal carotid artery
91
largest vessel of the body in diameter
inferior vena cava
92
Drains the head, neck, and upper limbs
superior vena cava
93
Leads to the formation of the Circle of Willis
vertebral arteries
94
supplies the heart
coronary arteries
95
Comparing and contrasting arteries and veins, the veins have _____________.
valves, but arteries do not.
96
The structure of a capillary wall differs from that of a vein or an artery because __________.
it has a single tunic -- only the tunica interna
97
In what sequence would the tunicas of a blood vein be pierced in doing a venipuncture to draw blood for analysis?
tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima
98
Blood is transported through the venous system by means of
a and c are correct
99
Blood flow into capillaries is regulated by
pre-capillary sphincters
100
As blood travels from the aorta toward the capillaries
resistance increases
101
The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta is/are
coronary arteries
102
Which of the choices below reflects the balance (or imbalance) between the direction and amount of fluid that flows across the capillary walls?
hydrostatic and osmotic pressures
103
Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?
tunica media
104
two arteries formed by the division of the brachiocephalic artery
common carotid, subclavian
105
largest artery of the body
aorta
106
supplies the diaphragm
phrenic
107
splits to form the radial and ulnar arteries
brachial
108
supplies 80% of the brain
internal carotid
109
external iliac becomes this artery when entering the thigh
femoral
110
termination of the abdominal aorta results in these branches
common iliac
111
along with #18, supplies the remainder of the brain
vertebral arteries
112
receives blood from the arm via the axillary vein
subclavian vein
113
drains the kidney
renal vein
114
carries nutrient rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver for processing
hepatic portal vein
115
drains the liver
hepatic vein
116
longest superficial vein
great saphenous
117
largest vessel of the body in diameter
inferior vena cava
118
formed by the merging of the jugular and the subclavian veins
brachiocephalic veins
119
formed by the union o f the right and left common iliac
inferior vena cava
120
Gives rise to the right common carotid and right subclavian artery
brachiocephalic trunk
121
Supplies the lower limbs
external iliac artery
122
Common site to take the pulse
Radial artery
123
Major supply to the cerebral hemispheres
internal carotid artery
124
Large unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies the liver, stomach, and spleen
Celiac trunk
125
Receives blood from all areas superior to the diaphragm, except the heart wall
superior vena cava
126
carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
pulmonary trunk
127
drains the scalp
external jugular vein
128
Runs through the armpit area, giving off branches to the axillae, chest wall, and shoulder girdle
axillary artery
129
Drains the upper extremities, deep vein
subclavian vein
130
artery usually palpated to take blood pressure
brachial artery
131
major artery of the thigh
femoral artery
132
supplies the small intestine
superior mesenteric artery
133
carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs
pulmonary veins
134
vessel commonly used as a coronary bypass vessel
great saphenous vein
135
site where resistance to blood flow is greatest
arterioles
136
site where exchanges of food and gases are made
capillaries
137
site where blood pressure is lowest
large veins
138
site where the velocity of blood flow is the fastest
large arteries
139
site where velocity of blood flow is slowest
large veins
140
site where the blood volume is greatest
large arteries
141
site where the blood pressure is greatest
large arteries
142
site that is the major determinant of peripheral resistance
arterioles
143
The vein that drains the bulk of the blood from the brain is the __________.
none of these.
144
Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension?
170/96 in a 50 year old woman
145
There is/are _________ pulmonary veins emptying into the right atrium of the heart.
None
146
The coronary blood vessels are part of the ____________ circuit of the circulatory system.
systemic
147
The unpaired arteries supplying blood to the visceral organs include ______________.
celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric
148
the two-way exchange of substances between blood and body cells occurs only through
capillaries
149
Which of the followoing represents the correct sequence which blood moves in passing from the vena cava to the lungs?
right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary trunk
150
Each of the following will cause an increase in blood flow to a tissue except _________.
increased blood volume
151
Blood pressure increases with
b and c only
152
As blood flows from the foot through the deep veins of the leg it may pass through the anterior tibial vein --> popliteal vein --> femoral vein --> external iliac vein --> common iliac vein --> inferior vena cava--> and heart. The vessel that is missing in this sequence is the __________.
There is no missing vessel
153
```
Given these blood vessels
1. axillary artery 4. radial artery
2.brachial artery 5. subclavian artery
3. brachiocephalic artery
Choose the arrangement that lists the vessels in order, from the aorta toward the right hand.
```
3,5,1,2,4
154
The vein that drains the bulk of the blood from the brain is the ___________.
none of these
155
The vessel formed by the union of the right and left common iliac veins is the ________.
inferior vena cava
156
The vessel(s) formed by the merging of the jugular and subclavian veins is/are the ___________.
brachiocephalic
157
The function of all arteries is to carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart while all veins carry oxygen poor blood to the heart.
False
158
Which of the following does not branch directly off the aortic arch?
right subclavian
159
The pacemaker of the heart
SA node
160
Found in the interventricular myocardium
AV bundle
161
Network found in the ventricular myocardium
Purkinje fibers
162
The point in the conduction system of the heart where the impulse is temporarily delayed
AV node
163
Prevents backflow into the left ventricle
aortic valve
164
Prevents backflow into the right atrium
tricuspid valve
165
prevents backflow into the left atrium
mitral valve
166
AV valve with two flaps
mitral valve
167
AV valve with three flaps
tricuspid valve
168
Inner lining of the heart
endocardium
169
Heart muscle
myocardium
170
Serous layer covering the heart muscle
parietal layer
171
The outermost layer of the serous pericardium
epicardium
172
Follow the pathway of blood from the heart to the left arm and back to the heart.
left atrium --> left ventricle--> aorta--> brachiocephalic trunk--> subclavian artery--> axillary artery--> brachial artery--> radial/ulnar artery--> capillary bed--> radial/ulnar vein--> brachial vein--> axillary vein--> subclavian vein--> superior vena cava--> right atrium--> right ventricle-->
