Test Review Flashcards
(79 cards)
0
Q
Safety issues in adolescents
A
Drinking/drugs
Safe sex
Peer pressure
Eating patterns
1
Q
Safety is?
A
A basic need
Accidental injures are the leading cause of death between 1-34
2
Q
Safety:older adults
A
Physical changes
Physiological changes
3
Q
Safety:hospital based care
A
Nosocomial infection
4
Q
Safety:infants
A
1 in 230 children are hospitalized for unintentional injury every year
5
Q
SIDS
A
Sudden infant death syndrome
#1 cause of death in infants under one
Can’t be predicted or prevented
6
Q
Reducing SIDS risks
A
Back to sleep
Safe sleep environment
Smoke free environment
7
Q
Shaken baby syndrome
A
The body stops suddenly but the brain keeps moving
8
Q
Reasons why shaken baby syndrome happens?
A
Frustration
Bills,money
Post-partum depression
9
Q
Signs and symptoms of shaken baby syndrome
A
Brain damage
Can show sulu like symptoms
More symptoms for more damage that was done
10
Q
Risk factors of shaken baby syndrome
A
Social isolation
Family violence
Substance abuse
Poor parental attachment to child
11
Q
Average patterns of urination
A
Volume 500ml per urination 1500-1600ml a day total Color Clarity Odour
12
Q
Factors influencing urination
A
Diseases Fluid balance Sweating-exercise,fever Medication Emotional stress
13
Q
GFR?
A
Glomerular filtration rate
14
Q
UTI’s
A
Most common pathogen escherchia coli
Pregnant women higher risk
Catheters
Prostatic hypertrophy
15
Q
UTI symptoms
A
Fever,chills
Dysuria; pain while peeing
Cloudy urine
Older adults may be confused or have a change in mood
16
Q
Prevention of UTI’s
A
Good hygiene
Wash/urinate before and after sex
Drink lots of water
17
Q
Urinary incontinence
A
Involuntary loss of urine
18
Q
Transient
A
Will resolve when cause gosh away
Example; UTI
19
Q
Urge incontinence
A
Must go immediately
20
Q
Functional incontience
A
Loss of function, cannot get to toilet on time(reduced mobility)
21
Q
Overflow incontience
A
Over distension of bladder
22
Q
Total incontinence
A
Continuous loss of urine- consider psychological impact on person
23
Q
Urinary retention
A
Urine cannot come out of body insufficient quantity
24
Urinary diversions
Ureterostomy
Nephrostomy
Stoma
25
Nursing intervention
Assessment
Education
Intake-outtake
Bladder training
26
Urinalysis
Lab test to check urine
27
Colours of steal
```
Red- fresh blood
Black- iron, high internal bleed
Maroon red- food, anal fissure, cancer
Green- foods, iron
Pale/clay stool- lack of bile salt
```
28
Factors affecting elimination
```
Age
Diet
Fluids
Physical activity
Personal habits
Pain
Position
```
29
Bowel diversions
Stoma- artificial opening in abd. Wall
Ileostomy- surgical opening in ileum ( early in the small intestine)
Colostomy- surgical opening in the colon ( later in the small intestine)
30
Physical assessment(bowel)
Mouth
Abdomen- shape,symmetry,color,distension
Rectum- lesions,colour, haemorrhoids, inflammation
31
Lab tests(bowel)
Fecal occult blood testing (FOBT)
Endoscopy
X-ray contrast
32
Nursing intervention(bowel)
Education re:diet, exercise
Medication
Enema
Electrolyte balance
33
Body temperature
Core temp: 36c to 38c
| Higher then 38c or pyrexia "febrile"
34
Factors that affect temp
Age
hormones
Exercise
35
Pulse
Number of heart beats per min(30 secs x 2)
Infant:120-160 bpm
School age: 75-100 bpm
Adult: 60-100 bpm
36
Abnormal findings in pulse
Slow bradycardia
| Fast tachycardia
37
Ventilation
Movement of gases in and out of the lungs
38
Diffusion
Oxygen and carbon dioxide from air to blood
39
Perfusion
Red blood cells through capillaries to tissue
40
Respiratory rate
12-20 times a min
41
Eupnea
Average depth of ventilation
42
Apnea
Respirations stope then resume
43
Cheyne-stokes respiration
Apnea then hyperventilation
44
Factors affect respiration
Exercise
Anxiety
Smoking
Neurological injury
45
Blood pressure
mmHg
Systolic: heart beat
Diastolic: relaxation in between
Pulse pressure: difference between systolic/diastolic
46
factors affecting BP
```
Age
Stress
Exercise
Gender
Weight
Smoking
```
47
Spirituality is ?
The energy within each person that looks for meaning and purpose in life
48
Religion is?
Expression of spirituality reflected in beliefs and practices uniting its adherents in the community
49
The whole you (spiritual)
Emotional
Physical
Social
Intellectual
50
Spiritual needs
Meaning and purpose in life
Giving and receiving love
Hope and creativity
Meaning of suffering
51
Spiritual care
```
A ministry of caring
Promotes healing
Ecumenical/ multi-faith
Respect for life
Holistic: body-mind-spirit
```
52
Cultural care
Values of the individual first
| Beliefs and practices of the culture second
53
Pieces assessment tool
```
Physical
Intellectual
Emotional
Capabilities
Environmental
Social/spiritual/sexual
```
54
Wellness
Homeostasis: balance and harmony
Mental out look
Sense of hope
Social support
55
Quality of life
Focussed on today, not yesterday or tomorrow
Seeks well-being-holistic health
Seeks peace with "what is"
56
Sources of spiritual support
Worship services
Music,poetry
Talking to friends
57
Grief
Normal response to loss
58
Loss
Death
Divorce
Retirement
Loss of job
59
Symptoms of grief
Feeling
Thoughts
Physical
Behaviours
60
Stages of grief
```
Denial
anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
```
61
Anticipatory grief
Grieving prior to actual death
| Awareness patient is going to die
62
4 tasks of grief
1) accept the reality of the loss
2) experience the pain of the loss
3) adjust to environment where the deceased is missing
4) withdraw emotional energy from deceased and invest in new relationships and activities
63
Process of recovery
May be considered complete when a person is able to reinvest in life, having energy, not just for survival but also for enhancing life
64
Brock cottage
Patients who are admitted have already been through 7-8 various treatments already
65
Addiction is...
1. Primary: The addiction is a problem in and of itself; it is not a symptom of another problem.
2. Chronic: It will never go away.
3. Genetic: It is influenced by genetic factors.
4. Progressive: Develops and worsens over time.
5. Fatal: Can lead to death.
66
Addiction theory
Less ‘feel good’ chemicals in the brain such as dopamine and serotonin, so substances will be abused in order to mimic those neurotransmitter receptors in the brain to obtain that same feeling.
67
Stages of additions- prodromal phase
a. Occasional use will lead to relief use, which develops into constant use.
b. Persons will begin to build a tolerance; therefore it takes more of the substance to get the same effect. They will begin to feel remorse; this can eventually lead to concealing use of the substance.
68
Stages of addiction- crucial phase
a. Impaired or loss of control over use.
b. Persons will begin to rationalize the use; celebrations, stress, relaxation etc.
c. Denial, think that no one will find out, and that its not hurting anyone.
d. Attempts to quit.
e. Self-pity and isolation can occur.
69
Stages of addiction- chronic phase
a. Longer binges will occur.
b. Persons will begin to lower standards, such as abusing mouthwash in order to get the alcohol.
c. Persons will go through withdrawal if they attempt to quit.
d. Emotional and spiritual bankruptcy will occur; depression, fear and anxiety.
70
Recovery
Recovery occurs in the mind, body and spirit, and recognition that addiction is a disease and that you are a good person.
71
Use
Use of substances as prescribed, comes with no consequences.
72
Misuse
Not used as prescribed, such as taking meds early or more than recommended. This will cause one to think more about the drug, and it is something that is unintended to happen.
73
Abuse
Completely changing the administration of the drug. There is a complete preoccupation and mental obsession with the substance leading to obvious consequences.
74
Dependence
This is when one is physically dependent to a drug, and will experience withdrawal symptoms.
75
Speaker notes- Ian
* Whole family was affected, kids couldn’t bring friends home, and wife considered suicide.
* Only way to make yourself feel better was to drink.
* Started to have feelings of guilt, which lead to more alcohol.
* People lost trust in him, and he lost relationships.
* Completed 21 day “spindry” which did not work.
* Went to Brock Cottage
76
Recovery
Change in attitude enough to change behaviour
77
Speaker notes - Daniel
• An addict will be sent to an assessment and referral agency which leads to a typical treatment of 21 days, which allow no phones, and is like a school setting of all day treatment.
• Detox is now called medical withdrawal management.
o Alcohol is the most dangerous drug to come off of; it has many negative side effects such as seizures.
78
Addiction
Continued use or behaviour despite negative life consequences
