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0
Q

Hoe does snail relate to cmt

A 
Snail expression correlated signif w 
Grade
Histo type
Lymph invasion
snail, hallmark of emt, may play nb role in invasion and mets of cmt
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1
Q

Are erbB1 and 2 expressed in CMT? Significance?

A

Erbb1 over expression in30% w 91% homology
Erbb2 over expression in 40% w 92% homology
Cetuximab and traztuzumab significantly inhibit tumor cell proliferation dot this

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2
Q

Feline Lung carc markers

A

Ttf1
Surfactant protein a
Egfr mutant
P53 positive

No Kras or p53 mutants

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3
Q

Feline lgl lsa

A 
SI IEL origin for feline LGL 90% T cell
CD103 circ IELs
CD8aa expressed by IELs in cats
None lived over 2.8m jejunum mc
Nphilia mc leukogram change

Canine LGL CLL is CD11d+ splenic pulp origin

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4
Q

Prognostic variables feline LSA

A

For survival:
BM involvement, stage, substance, use of rt (most nasal)

MV analysis:
Only second remission protocol (mopp better)

PGP NOT predictive of survival

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5
Q

LSA v iBD in gi biopsy samples

A

Important differences: lymph infiltrate beyond mucosa, heterogeneity, epitheliotropism, nuclear size of lymphs

100% specific for LSA: intravasc infiltrate, mets, serosal infiltrate

63% T cell v 13% B cell

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6
Q

Bcl-2 in IBD v LSA

A

Significantly higher cells were + in LSA v iBD (90% v 60%)

May be useful as thp target

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7
Q

Ccnu for cut LSA

A

Orr 78-83% x 3-3.5m
Cr 17-33%

Resp dur for cr not reached
72% ln involvement

Sign diff in ttp in cum ccnu dose and # cycles but resp and non resp

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8
Q

Dacarbazine single agent for relapsed LSA

A

Orr 35%
Pfi 43 d (1.4m)
Tpenia

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9
Q

Effect of pred on lymph marker expression

A

Decreased proportions of:
CD3, CD4. CD 21. CD 45RA. CD90
CD3 most

Decreased intensity of:
CD18. CD45.

Culture w pred caused sign drop in all markers and DNA fragmentation

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10
Q

Plasma DNA

A

Higher in dogs w LSA and leukemia

If over 24 ng ml = shorter remission

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11
Q

Ccnu and pred first line for LSA

A

Orr 53% x 1.3m (worse than rescue 2.9m)
MST 3.7m

MV- FEmales, higher total ccnu = longer dfi

Pred could have done this!

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12
Q

T cell markers

A

Cd 4, 8, 3, 5, 45

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13
Q

B cell LSA markers

A

CD 20, 21, 45, 79, pax5, igM, IgG

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14
Q

Cat liver tumors

A 
Primary > metastatic 
Benign > malignant 
Cholangiocarcinoma #1 primary malig
Bile duct adenomas common #1 tumor 
Hypoglycemia dt hep adenomas
Azotemia from liver tumors
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15
Q

Ccnu for hs

A

Orr 46%
Mst 3.5m
Mst responders 5.7m

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16
Q

Dog spontaneous hemoperitoneum

A

80% of bleeding solitary and mfo = malignant
All solitary malignant = HSA
71% MFO malignant = HSA

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17
Q

HSA tumor vaccine

A

LDC (cationic liposome and DNA complexes) was adjuvant for allogeneic tumor vax of lysates of canine HSA cell lines

Stage 2 HSA (splenic) given vax + doxorubicin had significantly longer MST but no change in DFI

Strong humoral IR against LDC
Most mounted aby response against canine HSA cells

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18
Q

Mds dx

A

Mds eb = blasts in marrow >5% <1 poor px

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19
Q

Mm px factors dog and cat

A

Dog - hypercal, bence jones, extensive bony lysis

Cat- hypercal, bence jones, bone Lz w path fx, anemia, azotemia, High creat, high prot after 8w treatment (all indicate aggressive form MST 5d v 12.9m)

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20
Q

Primary v secondary polycythemia

A

Indolent but gradual myelofibrosis
Primary:
High RBC mass (2 to tissue hypoxia causing appropriate high epo production), EPO low to low normal

Secondary: plasma volume is decreased (hypovolemia, dehydration, RBC not increased), EPO high

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21
Q

Common feline mm findings

A 
Atypical plasma cell morph 83%
Decreased cholesterol 69%
Bone lesions 50%
Non cutaneous extramedullary/multiorgan     involvement 1Oo%
Anemia 69%
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22
Q

Trends in feline gi neoplasia

A 
#1 LSA. 80% LSA in SI
#1 non lymphoid is ADCA
ADCA is #1 LI tumor. 69% of ADCA is LI

Ins risk: Siamese ESP ADCA. Age after 7
Dec risk: intact

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23
Q

Testicular tumors

A

Setoli a bit less common and younger
Sheltie/Collie 5x more likely than other breeds!
They get sertoli or mixed sertoli/seminoma
Norwegian elkhounds 100% seminomas

Decreased risk: lab, gsp, flat coat, rottie

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24
Px factors canine insulinoma
Tumor size...dfi | Ki67...dfi and os
25
Indicators of malig in adrenocort tumors
Adrenal carc Over 2 cm, invasive, ki67 > 2.4% Peripheral fibrosis, capsular invasion, trabecular growth pattern, hemorrhage, necrosis, single cell necrosis Adenomas Hempoiesis, fibrin thrombi, cytopl vacuoles
26
Adrenal markers...pheo v ADCA
Pheo chromogranin a, synaptophysin | ADCA, melan a, ki67
27
Dog digit tumor mets
SCC 3-9%. Later up to 23% Melanoma 10-40%. Later up to 40% OSA 24% Mets at dx don't change ST
28
Secondary brain dog
``` MC than primary HSA 1, pituitary 2, LSA 3, carcinoma 4 Cerebrum Me ration change Necropsy, same tumor in lung 47%, kidney 35%, heart 31% ```
29
Spinal dog and cat
Dog - mening 1 HSA 2 Cat - LSA 1 OSA 2 Boxer cervical mening Goldens gsd TL nephroblastoma
30
Cat chemo tox
``` Cisplat pulm edema Hu methHb Doxorubicin kidney insuff Ccnu lung fibrosis (chronic) Vbl overdose SIADH Phenobarbital pseudoLSA ```
31
Chemo in preg
3stages of fetal devel: Early embryogenesis (embryonic death) Organogenesis (death or major malf) Fetal growth ( fxn rather than struct def) Relatively safe after organogenesis D/c 2-3 weeks before deliv to avoid fetal myelosuppression
32
Moa misoprostol
Prostaglandin analog for tx or preventing gastric ulcers Direct action on parietal cells Inhibits gastric acid secretion
33
Metronomic chlorambucil
ORR 11% CB 62% Median PFI 2m. MST 5.1m Response significantly assoc w PFI (not survival) Some CRs did great, MCT 15.6m, TC >2.2y, STS in remission >8m
34
Palladia targets
``` VEGFR pDGFR CSF1R FLT3 RET ```
35
CCNU denamarin
ALT increase: 68% v 84% | Liver tox: 4% v 28%
36
Idarubicin
``` PO MTD 22 mg m2 AE npenia tpenia 68% 58% responded (29% prev had ardria) Well tolerated ``` In people, less heart tox, less mdr effluent, better bbb penetration
37
Abcb1 breeds
``` Collie 77 Long haired whippet 58 Aus shep 47 Mini Aussie 37 Silken wind hound 31 Sheltie 12 Mix 11 GSD 10 OES 2.5 Border collie 1 ```
38
Hematologic tox of which drugs depend on auc
Doxorubicin Carboplatin 5fu Cladribine
39
VAS express what
``` PDGF and PDGFR EGF and EGFR FGFb TGFa and TGFb cKit ```
40
Which factors have role in bone resorp
``` PTHrP IL1 TNFa RANKL OPG TGFB1 ```
41
What do rankl, opg, and TGFb do
RANKL stimulates OC activation, normally expressed by OB, also some tumors. Increases bone resorption OPG is soluble decoy receptor for RANKL, inhibits OC activation TGFb stimulates and inhibits effects on OC bone resorption PTHrP, IL1, TNF stimulate OB expression of RANKL and Tf OC bone resorption
42
Masitinib targets
Kit PDGFR a/b LIN FGFR3
43
Imatinib targets
Kit PDGFR Bcr-abl
44
Investigate mass at vax site if
Mass is at least 2 cm Evident 3m post vax Increasing in size more than 4 weeks post vax
45
WHO primary Lung tumor staging
T1 solitary tumor T2 mult tumors any size T3 tumor invading neighboring tissue N LN involve M mets
46
Pall RT in 5 cats w OMM ORR msT
ORR 60% | MST 4.9m
47
Dogs w OMM tx with XRT
ORR 82%. CR 51%. RF: location (rostral v cd), bone lysis, tumor vol (macro v micro) O RF MST 21m, 1 RF 11m, 2 RF 5m, 3 RF 3m Tumor vol + location = lung mets, MST, recur Bone lysis = recur, MST
48
Melanoma cocktail
Melan A, PLN2, TRP 1, TRP 2 94% sens 100% spec
49
Myoepithelial markers in mammary
p63 CK14 Calponin
50
Cmt behavior
74% malig 58% new tumor in ipsilat gland 77% of dogs w malig tumor got 2nd malig 3% got tumor in contralat gland Unilateral rad mastect may be warranted
51
Ddavp and cmt
Improves MST and DFI
52
Breeds cut HSA
Whippet pit bull Dalmatian beagle Italian grey hound
53
Dermal HSA tx w only surgery
77% recur at median 7m (even clean margins!) Increased local recurrence: predisposed breed, ventrum, mult masses (NOT INC MARGINS) Increased risk mets - sq invasion Decreased risk mets - predisposed breeds Increased survival Predisposed breeds lived longer Ventral location and solar induced lived longer Mets and hemoabdomen lived shorter MST 2.7y 34% mets at med 11 m
54
Ihc type a v b synoviocytes
Type A: phagocytic macrophages, CD18+ Type B: mesenchymal, produce synovium Vimentin+, cadherin+, HSP25+
55
What canine cells are sensitive to Sorafenib What chemo drug did it antagonize
OSA Carbo
56
Sorafenib (nexavar) targets
``` Vegfr 2/3 PDGFR b Flt3 CKit B raf C raf ```
57
Inflammatory mammary carcinoma Prognostic IHC
Presence of coagulopathy Medical tx MST 2m Positive: CK, CK 14, vimentin, vWF Neg: actin, desmin, CD31, CD34
58
Recur of inc excised STS
Grade and MI are sign assoc w tumor recur for marginally excised tumors. Grade stronger. Overall recur 23%. TTR 12m. Grade 1, 7% recurred Grade 2, 34% recurred Grade 3, 75% recurred
59
PCNA
Subunit of DNA polymerase delta Involved in DNA repair Max expression in s phase
60
Ki67
Nuclear protein expressed in all but G0 | Determines # cells actively involved in cell cycle
61
Agnor
Nucleolar structures involved in ribosomal RNA transcription | Correlated w RAte of proliferation
62
Increased agnor and ki67 tell us what
Increased MCT recurrence Increased mets Increased MCT related death If only ki67 >23 cells/grid -- all three If only agnor > 54 cells -- inc tumor rec + death
63
Grade 3 MCT w chemo What was px
Tumor size (>3cm bad) LN status assoc w PFS Only LN status assoc w MST PFI 3.3 v 11.6 m (w wo LN) MST 6.5 v 16.8 m (LN mets)

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