TEST TWO Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is FIFA ?
- international governing body for the sport of football
- responsible for organizing major international tournaments such as the FIFA World Cup,
- sets rules and regulations for the game, promotes football development globally, and works to ensure the integrity and fairness of the sport.
Sport Washing?
- Why emerging world powers (BRICS/AGC) invest in mega sport
- Cleaning countries image through sport
- Distract from misaligned policies
- BRICS AND GLOBAL SOUTH
Davis et al. (2023): “For the Love of ‘Sportswashing’” ?
- Saudi Arabian government proposed a new golf league that aims to challenge the PGA Tour’s dominance in professional golf
- soft power” refers to a nation’s ability to influence others through cultural and ideological means, rather than through military or economic coercion.
-The Middle East, investment in sports is often viewed as a way to enhance the region’s global image and promote a positive narrative. diverting attention from human rights concerns and other contentious issues
Elcombe: What is REI/BCI? “harder” to “softer” uses of sport?
The REI/BCI: Resources, Engagement, and Identity (REI) on the positive side, and Bread, Circus, and Image (BCI) on the negative side.
- Hard power: forceful use of power (economic/military) redeployment of material resources to supplement social infrastructure deficits and restoring economic stability.
- Soft power: Influential uses of power, narrative appeal . distracting the citizenry from the toil and troubles experienced during a crisis, and presenting a re-imagined national identity.
2 Primary (Formal) Oversight Organizations ?
- WADA Mission: Promote, coordinate, monitor anti- doping in sport
- CAS: Final court of appeals/tribunal council to settle sport disputes
Waves of Feminism
First: Origins many restrictions/opportunity
Women began to vote (women’s votes now matter)
Women participating in sport (expanding sport)
Second: Equality
Civil rights and feminist movements
Third: Power and InfluenceWomen born during 2nd Wave – seeking POWER & INFLUENCE (workplace +) including leadership positions
In sport— POWER, INFLUENCE, recognition of excellence sought (athletic, media, leadership)
Origins of women in Sport
- concerns regarding strenuous physical efforts
- Moral- appropriate female behaviours
- Slow acceptance of “Energetic Femininity”
Bicycle- health, dress, public ‘athleticism’
Privileged play at social clubs
Now and Future of Women in Sport
- Sport is growing so women sport is growing ( increased participation rates, media coverage, investment, and support)
- fragility of women’s sport, the collapse of previous women’s pro hockey leagues, and the push for sustainable and resilient pro leagues by professional women’s hockey players’ associations (PWHL)
-“boom narrative” in women’s sport, the ongoing struggle for equal pay and conditions, and the fragility of women’s sport during the COVID-19 pandemic
Bowes: Womens sport?
women’s sport, their relative invisibility within the sports media, and the lack of financial stability. This fragility is exacerbated by the impact of the pandemic on financial remuneration, funding, and media coverage, as well as the limited funding opportunities
Continued growth and sustainability of women’s sport are crucial for the wider gender equity agenda. It requires critical examination of progress narratives, addressing persistent structural and symbolic inequalities, and widespread cultural change within the sports industry.
Sport For Peace (Olympism) & Diplomacy
:“ping-pong” diplomacy?
The “ping-pong” diplomacy between China and the United States and the hosting of major sporting events as opportunities for countries to engage in international diplomacy and showcase their capabilities to the world.
UN connection to Sport
- UN’s efforts to leverage the popularity and influence of sports to amplify its messages and extend its reach, emphasizing the use of sport as a practical and cost-effective tool for development and peace.
- contribute to broader societal goals, such as social change, empowerment, and the promotion of human rights.
- UN’s Sport for Climate Action (S4CA) initiative, which outlines five principles for sports organizations to undertake systematic efforts to promote greater environmental responsibility, reduce overall climate impact, educate for climate action, promote sustainable and responsible consumption, and advocate for climate action through communication
- foster positive outcomes in areas such as public health, education, gender equality, poverty reduction, disease prevention, environmental sustainability, peace-building, and conflict resolution. It also discusses the role of sport in international relations, highlighting its impact on nation-building
Football Association?
Established to oversee the growth and regulation of football in England. One of the FA’s most significant contributions was the creation of the Laws of the Game, which are the rules that govern football worldwide.
English Football System?
- English football operates on a tiered system of leagues, with the English Premier League (EPL) sitting at the top as the most prestigious and competitive league. Below the EPL are the English Football League (EFL) Championship, League One, and League Two, which make up the rest of the professional leagues in England.
- The English football system also includes domestic cup competitions, such as the FA Cup and the EFL Cup, which provide additional opportunities for teams to compete and achieve success.
SMART: Main factors as to why sport became globally consumed?
- development of international sport and sports goods companies, along with the growth in media interest and sponsorship
- emergence of sporting celebrities, and the establishment of a global network of tournaments also played a significant role in making sport a truly global phenomenon
Sport for local change?
EDUCATION- 1st modern “intentional” uses of S4D= 19TH Century British School sport
- Elite/leader (male) development (morality/character)
- Redirection of Immoral “energies”
WAR- Physical health/rehabilitation tool
- Military preparation (Physical education programs)
- Disabled war vets (Rehab- recreation- parasport)
POLITICS -Welfare state extensions (1960s/1970s)
- Government involvement/ support for daily living
- Funding allocation for community programming (including sport/leisure)
GLOBALIZATION- Evolution of Non- Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
-Post- WWII international governance (united nations)
-Post colonization aid and development (third world)
Hill & Vincent:
Manchester United/Premier League – key reasons how/why become global brand?
-club capitalized on its national birthright as one of the organizers of the modern game
-English Premier League attracted significant media attention, broadening its appeal both nationally and internationally as global media developments took clubs into worldwide markets.
-commitment to excellence, both on and off the field, has been a key factor in its global branding success
-building relationships with fans, other global brands, and foreign fans has also contributed to its global brand status
Lawson:What is SEPE? Five main contributions ?
SEPE stands for sport, exercise, and physical education. The five main contributions of SEPE operations to sustainable and integrated social and economic development are as follows:
1. Strengthening empowerment and community development initiatives, particularly in high-poverty areas plagued by social exclusion and inter-group hostility.``
2. Contributing to the development of collective identities, which can bridge inter-group differences and conflicts, facilitate social integration and solidarity, and enable collective action.
3. Improving human health and creating health-enhancing environments.
4. Contributing to human capital development, especially in vulnerable youth, by improving youth development and enabling educational success.
5. Fostering social networks and voluntary associations, which are vital to sustainable development and civil society in strong democracies.
Lawson: flaws, challenges to SEPE system?
Collaborating with social workers?
The flaws and limitations of the current SEPE system include a mismatch between the design of SEPE programs and living conditions, which constrains sustainable development and necessitates program redesign.
Collaborating with social workers is essential because SEPE professionals need to work with other professionals, especially social workers, who are versed in empowerment and community development and are committed to combating poverty and its correlates. This collaboration is necessary to address the complex challenges and issues faced in high-poverty localities.
Challenges from globalization include lasting problems that defy easy and immediate solutions, such as the globalization of terrorism and crime, the downsizing of the welfare state, and the threats and problems posed by American social science. These challenges require comprehensive collaboration to address them effectively.
CHA: how/why sport important…particularly from a Japanese
perspective
- Nation-building and national identity:success of Japanese athletes in international competitions, particularly in baseball and the Olympics, has been a source of national pride
- Soft power and global status:”soft power” for Japan, enhancing its global status and position on the world stage
- Symbol of renewal and rebirth:Mega sporting events, such as the 1964 and 2020 Tokyo Olympics, have served as benchmarks for Japan’s renewal and reemergence on the world stage
- Diplomatic tool and international diplomacy:Hosting mega events allows for international diplomacy
Buetler:Role of sport in global world + UN
The role of sport in a globalizing world serves as a tool to address various social challenges and foster positive outcomes in areas such as public health, education, gender equality, poverty reduction, disease prevention, environmental sustainability, peace-building, and conflict resolution.
Sport is seen as an international langauge that transcends cultural, social and religious barriers promote understanding, tolerance and solidarity
The UN’s partnership with the world of sport is based on the understanding that well-designed sport-based initiatives can be practical and cost-effective tools for development and peace.
Rise of the Premier League
English football tragedies/hooliganism
- English “supporters” violence- in stadiums/ travelling fans (divided seating)
Taylor Report (British gov’t)
Stadium upgrades (all seaters)
- Increased expense to clubs (Ticket Prices!!)
Premier League “broke away” in 1992
- Top teams initiated… keep more of incoming TV revenues
- Negotiated continues relationship with football league; FA still some regulatory powers
Fall of Communism- Globalization of athlete talent
- Ice Hockey, basketball, soccer/football- more lucrative professional opportunities
- Typically limits on foreign players per team
Bosman Ruling- 1995 European Court of Justice
- Freedom for players to change clubs at end of contracts
- Challenged foreign player limits (globalized squads)
Resulted in…
- Power to richer clubs- gaps in club “expectations”
- Increasingly globalized game (Players, coaches, style and consumption)
- Shift in spectator demographics/ reduced violence
