Test Two

Question 1

formal participation

Answer 1

goes through formal institutions of politics

• voting
• contact congresspeople
• run for office
• give money to a political campaign

Question 2

informal participation

Answer 2

takes place outside formal institutions

• boycotts
• riots
• revolutions, etc

Question 3

the more costly the exercise of participation the _____ likely peopl are willing to engage

Answer 3

less

Question 4

when formal participation isn’t available, participations spills into

Answer 4

informal participation

Question 5

why americans don’t vote

Answer 5

US politics are unorganized
less organization= lower voting rate
-moderation(don't vote if ppl believe the outcome is already predetermined)
-voter suppression
-in jail
-voter ID laws

Question 6

lower voting rate=.

Answer 6

more class biased political system

Question 7

what are the 4 types of democracy

Answer 7

• proportional/parliamentary
• proportional/presidential
• winner takes all/parliamentary
• winner takes all/presidential

Question 8

proportional/parliamentary democracy

Answer 8

• very representative/multi party

- unstable

Question 9

proportional/presidential

Answer 9

• reasonably representative

- excessive presidential power and weak legislative

Question 10

winner take all/parliamentary

Answer 10

• efficient

- may violate civil liberties

Question 11

winner take all/presidential

Answer 11

ex US

Question 12

single member districting

Answer 12

most districts are drawn up through a political process that becomes an incumbent protection racket

Question 13

americans have high _________ and __________ but low ____

Answer 13

efficacy and interest

trust

Question 14

efficacy

Answer 14

belief people can influence politics

Question 15

preregistration requirement

Answer 15

deadline not advertised like voting day so many voters are disqualified on election day
-dampens turnout by 5-10%

Question 16

why do americans vote

Answer 16

sense of obligation

Question 17

gerrymandering

Answer 17

Gerrymandering is a practice intended to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating district boundaries. The resulting district is known as a gerrymander;

Question 18

political parties

Answer 18

broad coalitions designed to win elections

Question 19

jeffersonian president

Answer 19

pertaining to or advocating the political principles and doctrines of Thomas Jefferson, especially those stressing minimum control by the central government, the inalienable rights of the individual, and the superiority of an agrarian economy and rural society.

Question 20

jackson and spoils system

Answer 20

the president appoints civil servants to government jobs specifically because they are loyal to him and to his political party. Education, experience, and merit take a back seat.

Question 21

populism

Answer 21

They demanded an increase in the circulating currency (to be achieved by the unlimited coinage of silver), a graduated income tax, government ownership of the railroads, a tariff for revenue only, the direct election of U.S. senators, and other measures designed to strengthen political democracy and give farmers economic parity with business and industry.

Question 22

the one and only collapse of a major american political party

Answer 22

whig party disappeared and was replaced by a 3rd party

republican party

Question 23

if the southern democrats supported the new deal then northern democrats would ______________

Answer 23

turn a blind eye to civil rights in the south

Question 24

New deal unravels

Answer 24

truman desegregates military
eisenhower enforces brown v board
johnson passes voting rights act

Question 25

voting rights act

Answer 25

prohibits gerrymandering for purposes fo racial discrimination -multilingual ballots

Question 26

consequences of voting rights act

Answer 26

- mobilization of blacks and counter mobilization of poor whites - actually made south more conservative because the poor whites were religious - reconfiguration of political parties and the new voters polarized politics

Question 27

agents of political socialization

Answer 27

-families, schools, mass media, peers, political institutions/leaders, churches

Question 28

interest groups

Answer 28

single interest groupings that pursue a particular policy to the exlusion of broader public interest -madison called them factions

Question 29

americans are more likely than others to politicize _________________

Answer 29

the groups they're a part of | -church, sports, etc

Question 30

interest group politcs are class biased and suffer from the free rider problem

Answer 30

-bias towards producers over consumers | rich over poor

Question 31

framing

Answer 31

- consists of interpretation of anecdotes and stereotypes - ppl rely on frames to understand and respond - the way things are worded

Question 32

grassroots lobbying

Answer 32

interest groups can pressure decision makers by influencing their constituents

Question 33

targeted advertising

Answer 33

-expenditure of soft money in support of a cause/candidiate

Question 34

FEC monitors campaign contributions in ______ elections

Answer 34

federal

Question 35

SEC

Answer 35

monitors campaign contributions in state elections

Question 36

what do lobbyists do

Answer 36

provide info, arrange for campaign finances, provide funding(planes, houses, etc) -very truthful

Question 37

lobbying restrictions

Answer 37

- contributions= hard money - campaign contributions = speech - govt can restrict size of contributions one gives to another, but not one to themself - no restrictions on spending - corps and non profits can't give to political campaigns - no federal employees or churches

Question 38

soft money

Answer 38

spending on behalf of candidate or cause without the cooperation of the candidate or cause

Question 39

liberal bias of media

Answer 39

members of working press are more liberal | editors/owners are more conservative

Question 40

conservative bias of media

Answer 40

commercial media= business | decisions are usually anti consumer, anti labor, anti environmental

Question 41

constitution reserves almost all powers of government for congress

Answer 41

constitutionally strong and structurally weak

Question 42

3 rules of congressional life

Answer 42

1. congress makes its own rules 2. what's good for the member isn't necessarily good for institution as a whole - corollary= what's good for member's district may not be good for nation as a whole 3. bc of all veto points in congress it's hard to get anything done - corollary= once something is done it's hard to undo

Question 43

House vs Senate

Answer 43

majority rules but minority have a veto | house is majority and senate protects minority rights

Question 44

house

Answer 44

- majoritarian - large - rule driven - partisan - committees and subcommittees= specialized - germaness requirement

Question 45

senate

Answer 45

small | filibuster rule

Question 46

congress vs georgia legislature

Answer 46

pro vs amatuer presiding legislature vs stepping stone GA= small staff, salary, limited session governor has line item veto, president doesn't GA adjourns after 40 days, congress meets year round

Question 47

gentrification

Answer 47

Gentrification is a process of renovating deteriorated urban neighborhoods by means of the influx of more affluent residents. This is a common and controversial topic in politics and in urban planning.