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SFST_Participant_Manual_2023 > Test Your Knowledge! > Flashcards

Test Your Knowledge! Flashcards

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1
Q

In typical DWI enforcement, one DWI violation in __________ results in arrest.

A

100

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2
Q

In the Fort Lauderdale study, police officers arrested __________% of the drivers they
contacted those whose BACs were .10 to .20.

A

22

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3
Q

Name three different chemicals that are alcohols.

A
  1. Methyl
  2. Isopropyl
  3. Ethol
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4
Q

Which of these is beverage alcohol, intended for human consumption?

A

Ethol

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5
Q

What is the chemical symbol for beverage alcohol?

A

ETOH

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6
Q

What is the name of the chemical process by which beverage alcohol is produced
naturally?

A

Fermentation

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7
Q

What is the name of the process used to produce high concentration beverage alcohol?

A

Distillation

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8
Q

True or false: Pound for pound, the average woman contains more water than does the
average man.

A

False

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9
Q

What do we mean by the “proof” of an alcoholic beverage?

A

The ethanol concentration
of distilled spirits usually is expressed in terms of proof, which is a number corresponding to
twice the ethanol percentage.

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10
Q

True or false: Most of the alcohol a person drinks is absorbed into the blood via the
small intestine.

A

True

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11
Q

What is the name of the muscle that controls the passage from the stomach to the
lower gastrointestinal tract?

A

pylorus or pyloric valve

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12
Q

True or false: Alcohol can pass directly through the stomach walls and enter the
bloodstream.

A

True

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13
Q

In which organ of the body does most of the metabolism of the alcohol take place?

A

Liver

An enzyme known as
alcohol dehydrogenase acts to speed up the reaction of alcohol with oxygen.

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14
Q

Multiple choice: Once a person reaches their peak BAC, it will drop at a rate of about per
hour.
a) 0.025
b) 0.015
c) 0.010

A

0.015

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15
Q

True or False: It takes about thirty minutes for the average 175-pound man to “burn off”
the alcohol in one 12-ounce can of beer.

A

False

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16
Q

Alcohol is a _____________________________ depressant.

A

Central Nervous Systems (CNS)

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17
Q

Average male is ______% water.

A

68

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18
Q

Average female is ______% water.

A

55

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19
Q

What are some ways alcohol can leave the body?

A
  1. Breathe
  2. Urine
  3. Sweat
  4. Tears
  5. Metabolism
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20
Q

How can we speed up the metabolism of alcohol?

A

We can’t – The liver takes its time burning up the alcohol

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21
Q

If DWI is a criminal offense, the standard of proof is ____________________________.

A

Beyond a reasonable doubt

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22
Q

For the Per Se offense, chemical test result is ___________ evidence.

A

presumptive

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23
Q

DWI detection is defined as _________________________________________________

A

The entire process of identifying and gathering evidence to
determine whether or not a suspect should be arrested for a DWI violation

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24
Q

The three phases in a typical DWI contact are:
A. Phase One __________________________________________________
B. Phase Two __________________________________________________
C. Phase Three __________________________________________________

A

§ Phase One – Vehicle in Motion

§ Phase Two – Personal Contact

§ Phase Three – Pre-Arrest Screening

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25
The first phase in a typical DWI contact is _________________.
Vehicle in Motion
26
The second phase in a typical DWI contact is _________________.
Personal contact
27
The third phase in a typical DWI contact is ________________.
Pre-arrest screening
28
In Phase One, the officer usually has an opportunity to ______________________________
observe the driver operating the vehicle
29
Phase Three may not occur if ________________________________________________
there is not sufficient probable cause to believe this driver has committed DWI.
30
In Phase Two, the officer must decide _________________________________________
whether there is sufficient cause to instruct the driver to step from the vehicle for further investigation.
31
Each major decision can have any one of ___________ different outcomes. These are:
three 1. Yes 2. Wait 3. No
32
At each phase of detection, the officer must determine _____________________________
whether there is sufficient evidence to establish the "reasonable suspicion" necessary to proceed to the next step in the detection process.
33
Evidence of DWI is largely _________________ in nature.
sensory
34
Law enforcement officers need a system and tools for recording field notes at scenes of DWI investigations because DWI evidence is ______________________________________.
short-lived
35
Testimony preparations begins _________________________________________________
at the time of the DWI incident.
36
List two things the officer should do to prepare testimony just before the trial.
§ Review field notes, incident report, narrative, and other paperwork § Review other evidence, i.e., video, photographs, etc. § Mentally organize elements of offense and the evidence available to prove each element § Mentally organize testimony to convey observations clearly and convincingly § Identify weak spots and/or potential issues with the case and decide how to address those issues § Discuss the case with the prosecutor
37
In court, the officer's testimony should be organized ________________________________
chronologically.
38
The Phase One tasks are __________________________________________________
1. Observing the vehicle in motion 2. Observation of the stop
39
Alcohol impairs the ability to ________________________________________ among tasks.
divide attention
40
Three clues reinforcing the suspicion of DWI which may be observed during the stopping sequence are:
> Tries to flee > No/slow response > Abrupt weave > Sudden stop > Strikes curb
41
The two major evidence gathering tasks of Phase Two are ___________________________
1. (Interview and observation of the driver) Approach, observe, and interview the driver while they are still in the vehicle 2. (Observation of the exit) Observe the manner in which the driver exits and to note any additional evidence of impairment.
42
The major decision of Phase Two is ______________________________________________
whether there is sufficient reason to instruct the driver to step from the vehicle
43
Among the describable clues an officer might see during the Phase Two interview are:
> Bloodshot eyes > Soiled clothing > Fumbling fingers > Alcohol containers > Drugs or drug paraphernalia > Bruises, bumps or scratches > Unusual actions
44
There are three techniques an officer might use in asking questions that constitute simple divided attention tasks. These techniques are:
1. Asking for two things simultaneously 2. Interrupting or distracting questions 3. Unusual questions
45
The Count Down Technique requires the driver to _______________________________.
to count out loud 15 or more numbers in reverse sequence For example: Ask the driver to count backwards from 68 to 53.
46
Leaning against the vehicle is a clue to DWI which may be observed during _____________.
the exit sequence
47
The two major evidence gathering tasks of Phase Three are ___________________ and ______________________________.
1. Standardized Field Sobriety Tests (SFSTs) 2. administer (or arrange for) a Preliminary Breath Test (PBT) to confirm the chemical basis of the subject's impairment.
48
The entire DWI detection process culminates in ____________________________________
the arrest/no arrest decision.
49
The major decision in Phase Three is _____________________________________________
the arrest decision
50
Divided attention tests require the subject to ______________________________________
on more than one thing at a time (mental tasks and physical tasks).
51
Among the mental and physical capabilities a person needs to drive safely are these four:
1. control steering 2. acceleration 3. braking 4. react appropriately to a constantly changing environment
52
The two stages of the WAT are:
1. Instruction stage 2. Walking stage
53
The two stages of the OLS are:
1. Instruction stage 2. Balance and counting stage
54
The purpose of PBT is __________________________________________________
to demonstrate the association of alcohol with the observable evidence of the subject's impairment.
55
What does PBT stand for?
PRELIMINARY BREATH TEST
56
Two factors that produce low results on a PBT are:
1. Breath Sample Cooling 2. Breath Sample Composition
57
Explain the following term: Breath Sample Cooling
> If the captured breath sample is allowed to cool before it is analyzed, some of the alcohol vapor in the breath may turn to liquid and precipitate out of the sample. > If that happens, the subsequent analysis of the breath sample will produce a low BAC result.
58
Explain the following term: Breath Sample composition
> Breath composition means the mixture of the tidal breath and alveolar breath > Breath testing should be conducted on a sample of alveolar breath, obtained by having the subject blow into the PBT instrument until all air is expelled from the lungs.
59
Two factors that produce high results on a PBT are:
1. Residual Mouth Alcohol 2. Breath Contaminants
60
WAT is an example of ____________________- attention field sobriety test.
divided
61
How many clues are there for the WAT
eight
62
What are the eight clues for the WAT?
> (U)nable to maintain start position > (S) tarts before told > (S)tops while walking > (H)eel-to-toe > (O)ff the line > (R)aised arms > (T)urn improper > (S)teps incorrect number of times US SHORTS
63
In the WAT, according to the San Diego study, two or more clues indicate BAC at or above 0.08 at what percentage?
79%
64
The WAT requires a real or imaginary line, and a reasonably _____________________________________, non-slippery surface.
dry, hard, level
65
During the _________________ stage of the WAT, the subject is required to count their steps out loud.
walking
66
Based upon the San Diego study, the WAT test can determine whether a subject's BAC is above or below 0.08, __________ % of the time.
79
67
In the WAT test, a subject who steps off the line during the first 9 steps and once again during the second 9 steps and who uses arm(s) to balance twice during the second nine steps has produced ____________ distinct clue(s).
One
68
The WAT test has ___________ possible clues.
eight
69
What does OLS stand for?
One Leg Stand
70
How many clues are there for the OLS?
4 clues
71
What are the four clues for OLS?
> (P)ush foot down > (U)se arms for balance > (S)waying > (H)popping to remained balanced
72
What are the two stages of the OLS?
1. Instruction stage 2. Balance and counting stage
73
During the ____________ stage of the OLS test the subject must maintain balance for 30 seconds.
Balancing and counting
74
The OLS requires the subject keep the foot elevated for __________ seconds.
30
75
In the OLS test, a subject who sways has produced ______________ clue(s).
one
76
In the OLS test, a subject who uses arm(s) to balance, is hopping, and puts foot down has produced _________________ clue(s).
three
77
The maximum number of clues for HGN that can appear in one eye is _________________.
three
78
Based upon the San Diego study, the HGN test can determine whether a subject's BAC is above 0.08, __________% of the time.
88
79
Based upon the San Diego study, the WAT test can determine whether a subject's BAC is above 0.08, __________% of the time.
79
80
Based upon the San Diego study, the OLS test can determine whether a subject's BAC is above 0.08, __________% of the time.
83
81
The third clue of HGN is an Onset of Nystagmus Prior to _________ Degrees.
45
82
Two common symptoms of impairment are: ___________________________________
1. Problems maintaining proper lane 2. Speed and breaking problems 3. Vigilance problems 4. Judgement problems

SFST_Participant_Manual_2023 (3 decks)

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