Test1

Question 1

What is the software crisis?

Answer 1

Only 30% of software projects are successful.

Question 2

Definitions of successful, challenged, and failed/impaired software projects.

Answer 2

Successful - project completed on time & on budget with most desired features & functions.
Challenged - over-budget, over-time, fewer features & functions.
Failed/Impaired - project cancelled or unused.

Question 3

Causes of the software crisis.

Answer 3

A large amount of completely different applications of software. Initially developed software changes very frequently. Large time lag & cost incurred from conception to implementation. It’s a new field, so there wasn’t much managerial experience.

Question 4

Failure factors. Stupid mnemonic device: Computer User Interfaces Lack Life

Answer 4

C - changing requirements & specifications.
U - Unclear objectives
I - Incomplete requirements & specs.
L - Lack of user input
L - Lack of planning

Question 5

Waterfall method. RADIIM

Answer 5

• Requirement specifications.
• Analysis
• Design
• Implementation & unit testing
• Integration
• Maintenance

Question 6

Phases of software development process. (RSITM)

Answer 6

• Requirements analysis.
• System design.
• Implementation and prototyping
• Testing, verification, and validations
• Maintenance.

Question 7

Requirement specification (waterfall method step # and definition)

Answer 7

Step #1. Talking to the customer.

Question 8

Analysis (waterfall method step # and definition)

Answer 8

Step #2. Focus on the “what” of the system.

Question 9

Design (waterfall method step # and definition)

Answer 9

Step #3. Focus on the “how” of the system.

Question 10

Implementation & unit testing (waterfall method step # and definition)

Answer 10

Step #4. Code the “how” and make sure the individual code pieces work.

Question 11

Integration (waterfall method step # and definition)

Answer 11

Step #5. Put it all together and make it work.

Question 12

Maintenance (waterfall method step # and definition)

Answer 12

Final phase. All “follow-up” stuff after shipping (dangerous phase apparently).

Question 13

Problem with waterfall method.

Answer 13

Doesn’t allow iteration since each level must be completed & “signed off” on by managers higher in the organization.

Question 14

Functional approach to programming definition.

Answer 14

Focuses on what to do & how to do it (assignment statements, expressions, if-statements, loop, subprograms, etc).

Question 15

Problem with functional approach.

Answer 15

Functions work on data but the data is kept separate from them (no inherent connection between them.

Question 16

How does OOP address the problems with the functional approach?

Answer 16

You never think of what is done without considering who does it, and to whom (function & data are kept together).

Question 17

How does OOP model the real world?

Answer 17

We have classes, from which objects are created. These objects represent real-world entities. In the real world, everything that is done has a doer, and the action is done to something (object).

Question 18

The set of actions that an object of a class may be requested to perform are called ____

Answer 18

Responsibilities.

Question 19

Definition of cohesion.

Answer 19

How natural to the class are the entire set of responsibilities that are assigned to that class.

Question 20

Definition of coupling.

Answer 20

Which classes interact (talk) to each other and how much they need to know about each other.

Question 21

Ideally, we’d have (high/low) cohesion & (high/low) coupling.

Answer 21

High cohesion & low coupling.

Question 22

Most important tasks in OOP.

Answer 22

Finding the objects, defining their operations, how they interact, their internal structure, and organizing them.

Question 23

5 attributes of a complex system.

Answer 23

• Hierarchy
• Few objects with many instances
• Intra-component linkages are stronger than inter-component linkages
• Evolves from a simpler system
• The level of detail is arbitrary (Booch model)

Question 24

Spiral model

Answer 24

Allows iteration. Basically you go through the waterfall method over & over, each iteration results in a new release/version of the product.

Question 25

Booch model macro process

Answer 25

• Conceptualization
• Analysis
• Design
• Evolution
• Maintenance

Question 26

Booch model micro process

Answer 26

• Identify classes & objects
• Identify semantics of classes & objects
• Identify relationships among classes & objects
• Implement classes
• Test class methods

Question 27

What does RUP stand for?

Answer 27

Rational Unified Process

Question 28

4 main phases of RUP

Answer 28

Inception, Elaboration, Construction, Translation

Question 29

Inception (RUP) definition

Answer 29

Requirements capture & some analysis

Question 30

Elaboration (RUP) definition

Answer 30

Mostly analysis & some design

Question 31

Construction (RUP) definition

Answer 31

Detailed design, coding, & some testing

Question 32

Translation (RUP) definition

Answer 32

Integration testing, shipping, gathering customer feedback.

Question 33

Steps of our process (to use in class)

Answer 33

1. Focus on the problem to be solved.
2. Always maintain full & complete traceability.
3. Don’t be afraid to go back & re-do.

Question 34

________ is used to bring an old persistable object into existence.

Answer 34

Instantiate.

Question 35

________ is used to bring a new persistable object into existence.

Answer 35

Create.

Question 36

Old persistable object definition.

Answer 36

Object that is created with data which is already there (in a data repository).

Question 37

New persistable object definition.

Answer 37

An object created with new data coming from the front end.