Testable Material Flashcards
(137 cards)
1
Q
NFPA 403
A
Standard for Aircraft Rescue & Firefighting Services at Airports
2
Q
FAR Part 139.303
A
Personnel
3
Q
ICAO Airport Services Manual
A
Part 1: Rescue & Firefighting
4
Q
Time ARFF personnel should be staffed before/after ops start/end
A
15 min prior to flight ops & 15 min after ops end (p. 23)
5
Q
NFPA 1003 is divided into 3 major duties
A
Response, fire suppression, and rescue (p. 25)
6
Q
ICAO says FFs should be knowledgeable & skilled in the following subjects
A
Airport fam, aircraft fam, safety and aircraft hazards, comms, rescue, extinguishing agents, apparatus, aircraft fire suppression, ventilation, and overhaul, driver/operator, airport emergency plans, strategic and tactical ops (p. 25)
7
Q
Target hazard areas
A
Fuel storage and distribution systems, terminals, baggage areas, parking structures, hangars, transportation systems, aircraft maintenance facilities, & dangerous goods storage and handling areas (p. 27)
8
Q
AOA
A
Airport Ops Area
- Contains taxiways, runways, and ramps
9
Q
ILS
A
Instrument Landing System
- Electronic navigation system that allows aircraft to approach and land during inclement weather conditions (p. 27)
10
Q
DFDR & CVR
A
Digital flight data recorder & cockpit voice recorder (aka black box)
- Records aircraft airspeed, altitude, heading, acceleration, etc
- Both are key to investigators
11
Q
Biggest hazard to FF
A
Fuel
12
Q
3 mission priorities
A
Life safety, incident stabilization, property conservation
13
Q
Which org was formed & which year was it?
A
FAA is formed in 1958
14
Q
Priorities when powering down a plane
A
Throttles, Bottles, then Battery
15
Q
Primary Extinguishing Agents
A
Water and foam
16
Q
Complementary Extinguishing Agents
A
Dry chemicals (electric materials), dry powders (metal materials), and clean agents (like Halons & Halon-replacement agents)
17
Q
AEP
A
Airport Emergency Plan
18
Q
Airport Size Index Chart
A
Longest plans (Index E or Category 10), D (8), C (7), B (6), A (4-5), A** (1-4)
(p. 41)
19
Q
Controlled Airports
A
Operating towers w/ air traffic controllers
20
Q
Uncontrolled Airports
A
No staffed operating control tower
21
Q
Traffic Pattern: Crosswind Leg
A
Flight path at right angles to the landing runway off its upwind leg
22
Q
Traffic Pattern: Downwind Leg
A
Flight path parallel to the landing runway in the direction opposite to landing
23
Q
Traffic Pattern: Base leg
A
Flight path at a right angle to the landing runway off the approach end. Aircraft must make a 90-degree turn from the base leg before it can begin its final approach.
24
Q
Traffic Pattern: Final approach
A
Portion of the landing pattern in which the aircraft is lined up w/ the runway and is heading straight in to land
25
How runways are defined
Taken from the nearest compass bearing
26
Runway "Safety Area" (Size/Length)
- Typical runway serving large jet aircraft is 150 ft (45 m) wide
- Will extend 250 ft (75 m) to each side of the runway centerline (500 ft [150 m] wide total and 1,000-2,000 ft (300-600 m) outward of the approach and departure ends
27
Jetways at a Terminal
Can provide a means for smoke and flame to spread from one area to another; FF must retract the jetway eyebrow or awning to allow smoke and/or gases to escape the aircraft
28
Baggage Handling & Storage Areas
- Usually located on lower levels, may contain hazardous materials and often have narrow passageways, conveyor belts, and may be loaded w/ baggage and cargo
- May be difficult to extend hand-lines and conduct fire suppression ops
29
RESA
Runway End Safety Areas
- Should extend from the end of a runway strip for as great a distance as practicable, but at least 300 ft (90 m)
30
EMAS
Engineered Material Arresting System
- Soft concrete arresting bed (made of soft, aerated cement)
- Help prevent aircraft from overrunning runways that end close to busy roads or densely populated areas
31
FOD
Foreign object debris
- Substance, debris, etc that would potentially cause damage
32
During periods of elevated threat levels, parked emergency vehicles should maintain a minimum distance of "X" ft between vehicles
10 ft; this makes it more difficult for criminals or terrorists to conceal themselves
33
Two Sources of Water Supply
Fixed systems and mobile systems (p. 63)
34
Common Fixed Water Systems
Include wells, drafting pits, pumps, storage tanks (surface level & elevated), water distribution mains, and fire hydrants
35
Common Mobile Water Systems
Fire apparatus and water tankers/tenders
36
Most common method of aircraft fuel delivery?
- Tank trucks; common capacity can range from 500-10,000 gallons
- Must use "dead man device" (p. 64)
37
During aircraft fueling ops, what can be used to equalize static electrical charges?
Metal cables; however grounding to a static ground electrode in the pavement is not req. by NFPA
38
Which two methods is fuel is loaded onto an aircraft?
- Single point fueling connections
- Over-the-wing connections (most common on smaller aircraft)
39
Potential hazard(s) during fueling ops?
Fuel vapor; other hazards include static electricity, adverse weather conditions, electromagnetic energy, open flames (p. 66)
40
Ignition Sources
Static electricity, adverse weather conditions, electromagnetic energy, open flames (p. 66)
41
Other Fueling Considerations/Hazards
p. 67
42
Two Types of Commercial Transport
Narrow or Wide Bodied Planes
43
Narrow-Bodied Planes
- Single aisle (usually 18-20 in)
- Can seat up to 235 ppl
- Equipped w/ 2-3 jet engines
- Can carry up to 13,000 g of jet fuel
- Doors swing out and forward
44
Wide-Bodied Planes
- Two aisles
- Can seat over 500 ppl
- Equipped w/ 2-4 jet engines
- Can carry over 64,000 g of jet fuel
- Doors are generally power-assisted and may contain a pneumatic or spring-tension emergency operation system
45
NLA
- New large aircraft
- Upper deck collapse needs to be considered during rescue ops
- Can seat up to 900 ppl
- Can carry up to 85,000 g of fuel
46
Class A Cargo Compartment
Compartment in which the presence of a fire would be easily discovered by a crew member & where all compartments are easily accessible during flight
47
Class B Cargo Compartment
Compartment w/ a separate, approved smoke or fire detection system to give warning to the pilot or flight engineer; would enable a crew member to use a hand-held extinguisher to extinguish fire
48
Class C Cargo Compartment
Different from Class B primarily in that built-in extinguishing systems are required for control of fires in lieu of crew member accessibility; smoke or fire detection systems must be provided
49
Class E Cargo Compartment
Typically is the entire cabin of an all-cargo airplane that is used only for carrying of cargo; smoke or fire detection system is required
50
General Aviation (GA)
- Used primarily for pleasure or training and are typically small, light, and non pressurized
- Typically powered by single or twin internal combustion engines
- Can carry 1-10 ppl
- Usually can carry up to 200 g of AVGAS (some can carry up to 500 g)
- NTSB states a majority of accidents and fatalities involve GE
51
AVGAS
Aviation gasoline
52
T/F: Always assume a military aircraft is armed
True
53
Fuselage
The main body of an aircraft to which the wings and tail are attached
54
Cockpit
- The fuselage compartment occupied by the pilots or flight crew; also houses the aircraft circuit breakers
- Aka the flight deck on airliners
55
Fixed-Wing Aircraft Engines (Numerically and Location)
L to R (1, 2, 3, 4)
56
Flaps and Slats
- Airfoils that extend from the leading edge of a wing
- Slats are airfoils that extend only from the leading edge of a wing
- Used to help aerodynamic performance of the aircraft during takeoff and landing
57
Ailerons
- Attached to the trailing edge of the wings
- They are the movable, hinged, rear portion of the aircraft wing that controls the rolling (banking) motion of the aircraft
58
Airfoils
- Relates to the shape of a wing, propeller blade, or horizontal or vertical stabilizer as it is viewed in cross-section
- Generates the lift needed for the aircraft to fly
59
Leading Edge
Front or forward edge of an aircraft's wings or stabilizers
60
Trailing Edge
Rearmost edge of an aircraft's wings or stabilizers
61
Nacelle
Housing around an externally mounted aircraft engine (can be aluminum or composite); be aware of the pooling of fuel during an emergency
62
Spoilers
Moveable panels located on the upper surface of a wing and raise up into the airflow to increase drag and decrease lift
63
Speed Brakes
Aerodynamic devices located on the wing or along the rear or underside of the fuselage that can be extended to help slow the aircraft
64
Vortex Generators
Vane-type devices attached to the wings or vertical stabilizers of an aircraft; designed to maintain a steady flow of air over the control surfaces located on the wing's trailing edge
65
Tail Section
- Empennage
- Includes the vertical and horizontal stabilizers, rudders, and elevators
- Generally, will store the APU
66
APU
- Auxiliary power unit; usually in the tail section
- Provides electrical power to operate the essential systems when the aircraft engines are not running
67
Elevator
Hinged, movable control surface found along the rear of the horizontal stabilizer; attached to the control wheel or stick and is used to control the up-and-down pitch motion of the aircraft
68
Rudder
Hinged, movable control surface found along the rear of the vertical stabilizer; used to control the yaw or turning motion of the aircraft
69
Yaw
The rotation of an airplane around its vertical axis, causing the nose to move left or right
70
Rotary-Wing Aircraft Components
Fuselage, main rotor(s), tail rotor, landing gear
71
Fuselage Differences between Rotary-Wing & Fixed-Wing
Same components, rotary-wing fuselage is not built for high altitude pressurization and is not as ruggedly constructed as fixed-wing (helicopters more likely to fragment during crash impacts)
72
Rotary-Wing Main Rotor(s)
- Provide lift and propulsion for the helicopter to fly
- Main rotor may consist of 2-7 rotor blades
- Designed w/ either 2 main rotors or 1 main + 1 tail rotor
73
Rotary-Wing Tail Rotor
Provides helicopter w/ directional control; counteracts the torque produced by the main rotor
74
Rotary-Wing Landing Gear (Two Types)
- Used to support the aircraft when it is not in flight
- Conventional Gear: consists of main gear and either a nose or tail gear; this gear may not retract depending on the type of helicopter
- Skids: used on smaller helicopters in the place of conventional landing gear; they are permanently mounted to the exterior and resemble platforms
75
Magneto
Device used in gasoline engines that produces a periodic spark in order to maintain fuel combustion; may be a hazard for FF
76
T/F: Disconnecting the battery does prevent the magneto from functioning
False - disconnecting does NOT prevent functioning; FF need to use caution when working around the propeller
77
Internal-Combustion Reciprocating Engines
- AVGAS for fuel
- Most aircraft w/ this engine are used primarily for GA
- Can be rated up to 400 hp, weigh up to 7,000 lbs, and carry up to 10 ppl
- Hazards include spinning propellers and hot engine parts
78
Twin-Engine and 4-Engine Aircraft Using Reciprocating Engines
- Can be used for general, commercial, and military aviation
- Design will limit the number of passengers, but aircraft may be able to carry as many as 90 ppl
79
4 Types of Gas Turbine Engines
- Turbojet, turbofan, turboprop, and turboshaft
- Needs jet fuel to operate; AVGAS can damage engine
80
4 Major Components of a Gas Turbine Engine
Compressor section, combustion section, turbine and exhaust section, & accessory section
81
Other Functions of a Gas Turbine Engine
Support aircraft air cabin AC system & the wing de-icing system
82
Turbojet
Simplest of the gas turbine engines (aka jet engine)
83
Turbofan
Most commonly found gas turbine engine, esp on large jetliners
84
Turboprop
- Widely used gas turbine engine for small and medium sized commuter and cargo aircraft
- Will have 1, 2, or 4 engines
85
Turboshaft
- Gas turbine engine is basically the same as a turboprop and is common in helicopters; output shaft is not connected to a propeller
- Power turbine is connected either directly or through a gearbox
86
Frames/Formers
Construction component....
87
Longerons
Construction component....
88
Stringers
Construction component....
89
Bulkheads
Construction component....
90
SMS
Safety Management Systems
- Identify local risks and hazards
- Take actions to reduce or eliminate hazards
- Take actions to reduce the risk of sickness, injury, or death
- Take actions to reduce or eliminate damage to airport property, facilities, equipment, and vehicles
91
Aircraft can use a straight-in approach rather than the typical traffic pattern for which reasons?
Emergencies (like medical or mechanical)
92
Aft Section of Aircraft
Aft is the back area of an aircraft, a term interchangeable with "rear" to describe the plane's back end.
93
Taxiways are _____ and not _____
Designated, not standardized
94
Are you familiar with the aviation alphabet?
Should be!
95
Mandatory instruction signs must be obeyed; some examples are?
Holding positions, runway intersections, ILS critical areas, runway approach, entry signs
96
APCH
Sign for approach
97
T/F: Jet fuel is heavier than water
False, jet fuel is lighter (weighs 6.5 lbs)
98
Distance to keep from run-up areas
At least 25 ft
99
Hazard posed with navigation aids
Electrical hazard
100
Most congested areas of an airport?
Ramps/aprons
101
Safety: Never drive a motor vehicle under the wing of an aircraft
Safety tip!
102
_____ area is predetermined area designed for temporary parking of aircraft
Isolation area
103
Examples of need for isolation area
- Aircraft experiencing problems, such as hazardous cargo, hot brakes, weapons malfunctions
- Dangerous circumstances, such as hijacked aircraft, bomb threat, or terrorist attack
104
Safety: Fueling operations are a constant hazard
Safety tip!
105
Jet fuel is combustible or flammable?
Combustible, not flammable; likelier to evaporate than combust
106
Only class of extinguisher allowed on a ramp (non-FD use)
Class BC
107
FD station needs?
- Strategically and centrally located
- Backup electrical power system
108
Operating Zones
- Hot (restricted)
- Warm (limited access)
- Cold (support)
109
Where is decon located at the operating zone?
Decon starts at the end of the warm zone and ends at the beginning of the cold zone
110
Best PPE for high radiant heat?
Hazmat level A ("silvers")
111
Examples of hazmat incidents?
Fuel/hydraulic fluids, biohazards, toxic chemicals, toxic smoke from burning material, composite structural materials, agricultural spraying ops, presence of hazardous cargo
112
Safety: Propellers can pose significant hazard
Even if a propeller is stopped, do not move the propeller (it can cause it to restart)
113
Color beacon & location(s) to indicate if engine is running
Red beacon lights are located on the top and bottom of the aircraft
114
ADG or RAT
Air driven generator or ram air turbines provide backup electrical and hydraulic power; often will deploy forcefully
115
Safest route to approach a plane (degree angle)
45 degree angle
116
Safety tips for helicopters
- Approach/leave in a crouching manner
- Approach/leave on the downslope (to avoid main rotor)
- Approach/leave in pilot's field of vision (seat on R side)
- Carry tools horizontally and below waist (never upright or over shoulder)
- Hold onto hard hat unless strapped in
- If leaving helicopter while hovering, get out and off in one smooth, unhurried motion
- Don't touch bubble or any moving parts
- Keep helipad clear of loose articles (water bags, groundsheets, empty cans, etc
- When directing helicopter for landing, stand w/ back to wind
117
NFPA 472
9 classes of dangerous goods:
- Blasting agent (1, orange)
- Non-flammable gas (2, green)
- Flammable liquid (3, red)
- Combustible (3, red)
- Spontaneously combustible (4, white on top, red on bottom)
- Dangerous when wet (4, blue)
- Oxidizer (5.1, mustard)
- Radioactive II (7, yellow/radioactive symbol on top, white on bottom)
- Corrosive (8, white on top, black on bottom)
118
Dangerous Goods Marking/Info
Package markings, labels, UN/UA number, container type, SDS or shipping papers, name of shipper, name of receiver, name of carrier
119
Agricultural chemicals can be applied by fixed or rotary winged planes
Correct
120
Org that helps with hazards associated with hazardous cargo
IATA
121
Even a short hydrazine exposure can be _____ dangerous
Extremely dangerous
122
Hypergolic Fuels
- Substances that can ignite spontaneously on contact with each other (ex hydrazine with an oxidizer)
- Toxic in both liquid and vapor form
- Inhalation, absorption, ingestion hazards
- Full PPE & SCBA required
- Even short exposure may have serious effects on the nervous and respiratory systems
- May explode, can auto-ignite
(p. 177)
123
Safety: Chaff and flares pose serious hazards
Tip! Be aware of chaff (little pieces of metal) and flares
124
Special hazards assoc. with military aircraft
- JATO (jet assisted take-off system)
- Increased fuel capacity
- Composite wings and body
- Weapon capabilities
125
Ejection Seats***
F/U
- Can be very hazardous
- May be rocket or gas powered
- Must know how to secure properly
- Can reach temps up to 25,000 degrees
126
What is necessary whenever extrication is required?
Charged hoseline
127
Canopy Types
Clamshell, Hinge, Sliding, Sliding (Mechanical)
128
Propellant actuating devices contain explosive charges
Tip! Include canopy removers, initiators, rotary actuators, thrusters, explosive squibs, seat catapults (p. 183)
129
EPU Emergency
- Emergency Power Unit
- Will automatically start if not safetied
- Hydrazine powered
- Produces toxic exhaust
130
Fire Protection/Detection Systems Emergency
- Halon or nitrogen
- Protect engines
- Activated by T-handles in cockpit
131
Pressed High Explosives & Cast High Explosives
F/U (p. 186)
132
FF should withdraw at least ___ ft when a weapon is involved in a fire & fire cannot be extinguished quickly
Withdraw at least 2,000 ft
133
Which military dept. should handle all ammunition laying at the site of a crash?
EOD
134
What's the difference between missiles & rockets?
Missiles use a guidance system, rockets do not
135
CBRNE
Terrorist incidents involving chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive weapons of mass destruction (WMD)
136
SLUDGE
F/U
137
