Testi Flashcards
(70 cards)
What is the primary focus of International Relations (IR) as a discipline?
Studying the description and explanation of the practical reality of developments in international politics
IR examines both the relationships between sovereign states and non-state actors.
What are the key definitions of International Relations?
- Diplomatic-strategic relationships of states focusing on war and peace
- International political, economic, and social transactions
- Global communications, transport, and the world financial system
These definitions highlight different scopes within the field of IR.
Who analyzed the historical dominance of four powers in the world according to Kissinger?
Britain, France, Austria, and the USA
Kissinger’s analysis spans centuries, focusing on their diplomatic models and influence.
What are the two main diplomatic models identified by Kissinger?
- European Model (balance of power, state sovereignty)
- American Model (values of freedom and self-determination)
These models reflect different approaches to international relations.
What contradictory trends does the world face today according to the text?
- Fragmentation
- Globalization
These trends indicate opposing movements in international dynamics.
How do International Relations theories aim to understand global interactions?
By creating systematic explanations of phenomena to derive testable hypotheses
Theories seek to clarify and predict behaviors of international actors.
What are the three basic functions of IR theories?
- Descriptive (how IR appears in the current moment)
- Normative (how IR should be)
- Political (changing IR based on rational actor perceptions)
These functions reflect the roles theories play in understanding and influencing IR.
What was the focus of the first debate in IR between liberal institutionalism and classical realism?
How to ensure international peace and stability after World War I
This debate examined the effectiveness of different approaches to avoid conflict.
What is the main critique of liberalism according to realists?
Its idealistic and utopian approach, particularly after World War II
Realists argue for a more pragmatic understanding of international politics.
What distinguishes traditionalism from behavioralism in the 1960s debate?
- Traditionalism: historical, interpretive, and humanistic elements
- Behavioralism: empirical methods and scientific verification
This debate addressed methodological differences in studying IR.
What are the three perspectives in the debate among realists, liberalists, and Marxists in the 1970s and 1980s?
- Realist perspective: rivalry and conflict
- Liberal perspective: cooperation and integration
- Marxist perspective: analysis of class interests and power dynamics
These perspectives represent different theoretical approaches to understanding IR.
What is the ontological priority according to positivists in IR?
Ontology precedes epistemology, focusing on objective reality
Positivists believe in an objective world that can be systematically studied.
What are the key ontological positions of classical realism?
- States are the only significant actors
- Moral principles are only relevant within states
- States pursue self-interests for survival
- Constant presence of war mentality
These positions underscore the fundamental beliefs of classical realism.
What is the main assumption of realism regarding international relations?
International relations are inherently conflictual, resolved by war
This perspective emphasizes the competitive nature of state interactions.
Who described international politics as the ‘politics of force’?
Hans Morgenthau
Morgenthau’s view highlights the conflict-driven nature of international relations.
What does the term ‘realpolitik’ refer to in the context of realism?
A pragmatic approach focusing on power and practical considerations in politics
Realpolitik emphasizes the importance of power dynamics over moral or ideological considerations.
What do classical realists like Thucydides believe about state competition?
States must adapt to the reality of power inequalities to survive
Thucydides highlighted the natural state of competition among states.
Cilat ishin karakteristikat e shteteve Maqedonisë dhe Persisë?
Ishte e pabarabartë në fuqi; fuqishmit bënin atë që kishin fuqi, të dobtit pranonin atë që s’mund ta kundërshtonin.
Cili ishte qëllimi i Lidhjes Helene në luftërat Greko-Persiane?
Të kundërbalancojë fuqinë e Persisë.
Çfarë është Lidhja e Peleponezit?
Një strukturë sigurie kolektive e krijuar nga disa qytet-shtete për t’u mbrojtur nga Athina.
Cili koncept përshkruan frikën reciproke mes shteteve?
Dilema e sigurisë.
Çfarë karakteristikash duhet të ketë një udhëheqës sipas Makiavelit?
- Fuqia (luani)
- Dinakeria (dhelpera)
Cila është përgjegjësia e sundimtareve sipas Makiavelit?
Të kërkojnë përfitim dhe të mbrojnë interesat e shtetit të tyre.
Çfarë thotë Makiaveli për moralin në politikë?
Qëllimi justifikon mjetin; veprimet e pamoralshe janë të pranueshme për mbijetesën e shtetit.